Politics of Slovakia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, with a multi-party system. Legislative power is vested in the parliament and it can be exercised in some cases also by the government or directly by citizens.
The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of the primary vote that a candidate or political party requires to achieve before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can operate in various ways, e.g. in party-list proportional representation systems where an electoral threshold requires that a party must receive a specified minimum percentage of votes, either nationally or in a particular electoral district, to obtain seats in the legislature. In Single transferable voting the election threshold is called the quota and not only the first choice but also the next-indicated choices are used to determine whether or not a party passes the electoral threshold. In MMP systems the election threshold determines which parties are eligible for the top-up seats.
The Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party was a liberal-conservative, Christian-democratic political party in Slovakia. The SDKÚ-DS was a member of the Centrist Democrat International and was a member of the European People's Party until 2018, when it was expelled.
The Movement for a Democratic Slovakia was a national-populist political party in Slovakia. The party is commonly considered as authoritarian and illiberal.
Direction – Slovak Social Democracy, formerly and legally called Direction – Social Democracy, is a left-wing populist political party in Slovakia led by the former prime minister Robert Fico. The party claims to represent social democracy with Slovak national specifics.
The Christian Democratic Movement is a Christian-democratic political party in Slovakia that is a member of the European People's Party (EPP) and an observer of the Centrist Democrat International.
The Civic Conservative Party is a centre-right liberal conservative political party in Slovakia. It has two seats in the National Council, following the 2020 election. It has also representation at regional and local level.
The Democratic Party was a political party in Slovakia, active between 1989 and 2006.
The Green Party, between October 1991 and January 2006 called the Green Party in Slovakia, is an environmentalist political party in Slovakia without parliamentary representation.
Parliamentary elections were held in Slovakia on 30 September and 1 October 1994. The early elections were necessary after the Vladimír Mečiar 1992 government had been recalled in March 1994 by the National Council and a new temporary government under Jozef Moravčík had been created at the same time.
Parliamentary elections were held in Slovakia on 8 and 9 June 1990 alongside federal elections. They were the first elections after the Velvet Revolution, and the first free elections since 1946. The Public Against Violence (VPN) party emerged as the largest in the Slovak National Council, winning 48 of the 150 seats. In the aftermath of the election, Vladimír Mečiar of the VPN formed a grand coalition with the Christian Democratic Movement (KDH). After a conflict leading to the dissolution of the VPN, the first Mečiar cabinet was brought down by a vote of non-confidence in the parliament. Ján Čarnogurský of the KDH became the new Prime Minister in April 1991.
The Hungarian-German Social Democratic Party was a social democratic political party in Slovakia. It was founded in 1919 by social democrats from ethnic minority communities. The party had a German and a Hungarian section. The German and Hungarian social democrats in Slovakia had developed an antagonistic relationship with the Slovak social democrats, who had merged into the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers Party as Austria-Hungary was broken up after the First World War. Issues of contention between Hungarian/German and Slovak social democrats included views of the February Strike of 1919 and the Hungarian Soviet Republic.
Board of Commissioners was an executive body of Slovak National Council.
Ordinary People and Independent Personalities is a conservative political party in Slovakia. The anti-establishment party founded in 2011 won the 2020 parliamentary election on an anti-corruption platform. After getting in charge, OĽaNO adopted a generally conservative outlook. The party is led by former prime minister of Slovakia Igor Matovič. The incumbent prime minister is a member of the party presidium, Eduard Heger, succeeding Matovič in 2021.
Parliamentary elections were held in Slovakia on 10 March 2012 to elect the 150 members of the National Council. The elections followed the fall of Prime Minister Iveta Radičová's Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party-led coalition in October 2011 over a no confidence vote her government had lost because of its support for the European Financial Stability Fund. Amidst a major corruption scandal involving local center-right politicians, former Prime Minister Robert Fico's Direction – Social Democracy won an absolute majority of seats.
Coexistence was a political party in Czechoslovakia and Slovakia between 1990 and 1998. Although largely a Hungarian minority party, its membership also included Germans, Poles, Ruthenians and Ukrainians.
The Hungarian Christian Democratic Movement was a political party in Czechoslovakia and Slovakia between 1990 and 1998. The party was led by Béla Bugár.
Parliamentary elections were held in Slovakia on 5 March 2016 to elect the 150 members of the National Council. The ruling left-wing populist Direction – Social Democracy (SMER–SD) party remained the strongest party, but lost its majority. The Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party (SDKÚ-DS), which led the government between 2000–06 and 2010–12, was defeated heavily, failing to cross the electoral threshold and losing its representation in the National Council. The centre-right Christian Democratic Movement (KDH) also failed to cross the threshold for the first time since 1990, whilst the far-right nationalist Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia (ĽSNS) entered parliament for the first time.
Parliamentary elections were held in Slovakia on 29 February 2020 to elect all 150 members of the National Council.
The Democratic Party was a conservative political party in Slovakia, existing during the final phase of World War II and the Third Czechoslovak Republic, from 1944 to 1948.
