1946 in Michigan

Events from the year 1946 in Michigan included the emergence of anti-graft crusader Kim Sigler and his election as governor, a strike by the United Auto Workers, and supply-chain problems that slowed production in the automobile industry. The year's major sports stories included the 1946 Detroit Tigers finishing second in the American League with Hal Newhouser winning 26 games and finishing second in voting for the most valuable player award. Notable deaths in 1946 included former Michigan football coach Fielding H. Yost. Notable births in Michigan included comedienne and actress Gilda Radner and writer/director Paul Schrader

Top stories

Kim Sigler

1946 Windsor–Tecumseh tornado

The Associated Press polled editors of its member newspapers in Michigan and ranked the state's top news stories of 1946 as follows: ^[1]

1. Kim Sigler. Kim Sigler began the year as special prosecutor pursuing government corruption. After 28 months in that position, he was fired in March 1946. A former Democrat, he won the Republican nomination for governor in a four-way contest. He then won the general election in November by more than 350,000 votes, the largest margin for a Michigan governor in a non-presidential year.
2. UAW strike. In January, Chrysler and Ford settled their part in the United Auto Workers (UAW) strike of 1945–1946. The last to settle was General Motors on March 13, ending a strike by 175,000 production workers that had lasted for 113 days since November 21, 1945.
3. Production problems in the automobile industry. Reduced production was attributed to factors including Office of Price Administration (OPA) price controls on new automobiles (which were finally lifted in November), ^[2] the UAW strike, and strikes against automobile parts suppliers and in the steel, coal, rail, and Great Lakes shipping industries.
4. Tornadoes. Two large tornadoes in June 1946 struck Detroit and Windsor, Ontario, the most devastating being the 1946 Windsor–Tecumseh tornado
5. Bank bribery scandal. On July 20, 19 men including the president of Michigan National Bank, were indicted for conspiring to block passage of Michigan's anti-branch bank bill.
6. Jackson Prison scandal. In April, a hearing for reinstatement of the fired warden of the Jackson State Prison revealed extensive corruption at the prison, including bribes for whisky, more favorable work assignments, and visits to a house of ill fame.
7. Frank McKay trial. Former Republican national committeeman Frank McKay and four others were tried in January and February on charges of corrupting the state liquor control commission. After a month of trial, the judge granted a directed verdict and dismissed the charges. The case had been prosecuted by Kim Sigler.
8. Baroda school explosion. The November 13 explosion of a water tank at a school in Baroda, killing one child and endangering 260.
9. Cardinal Mooney. On February 18, Detroit Archbishop Edward Aloysius Mooney was elevated by the pope to the status of cardinal. He was the first cardinal in Michigan.
10. Destruction of cottages near Bay City. On March 9, strong winds from a blizzard pushed massive ice floes from Saginaw Bay onto Killarney and Ricomo Beaches near Bay City. The ice reached heights of 40 feet along a two-mile stretch of beach, crushing 100 cottages.

Other stories receiving votes but falling outside the top ten included the following: ^[1]

• The National Maritime Union's Great Lakes shipping strike;
• OPA exposure of a $3 million black market for cars based in Michigan;
• The trial and conviction of Anthony Lobaido for the rape and slashing of a Detroit child; and
• Celebration of the Detroit Automobile Golden Jubilee.

Office holders

State office holders

Harry Kelly

• Governor of Michigan: Harry Kelly (Republican)
• Lieutenant Governor of Michigan: Vernon J. Brown (Republican)
• Michigan Attorney General: John R. Dethmers (Republican)/Foss O. Eldred (Republican)
• Michigan Secretary of State: Herman H. Dignan (Republican)
• Speaker of the Michigan House of Representatives: Howard Nugent (Republican)
• Chief Justice, Michigan Supreme Court:

Mayors of major cities

Edward Jeffries

• Mayor of Detroit: Edward Jeffries (Republican)
• Mayor of Grand Rapids: George W. Welsh (Republican)
• Mayor of Flint: Edwin C. McLogan/Edward J. Viall
• Mayor of Saginaw: Harold J. Stenglein
• Mayor of Lansing: Ralph Crego

Federal office holders

Arthur Vandenberg

• U.S. Senator from Michigan: Homer S. Ferguson (Republican)
• U.S. Senator from Michigan: Arthur Vandenberg (Republican)
• House District 1: George G. Sadowski (Democrat)
• House District 2: Earl C. Michener (Republican)
• House District 3: Paul W. Shafer (Republican)
• House District 4: Clare Hoffman (Republican)
• House District 5: Bartel J. Jonkman (Republican)
• House District 6: William W. Blackney (Republican)
• House District 7: Jesse P. Wolcott (Republican)
• House District 8: Fred L. Crawford (Republican)
• House District 9: Albert J. Engel (Republican)
• House District 10: Roy O. Woodruff (Republican)
• House District 11: Frederick Van Ness Bradley (Republican)
• House District 12: Frank Eugene Hook (Democrat)
• House District 13: George D. O'Brien (Democrat)
• House District 14: Louis C. Rabaut (Democrat)
• House District 15: John D. Dingell Sr. (Democrat)
• House District 16: John Lesinski Sr. (Democrat)
• House District 17: George Anthony Dondero (Republican)

Population

In the 1940 United States census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 5,256,106, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1950, Michigan's population had increased by 21.2% to 6,371,766.

Cities

The following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 20,000 based on 1940 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1930 and 1950 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.

1940 Rank	City	County	1940 Pop.	1946 Est.	1950 Pop.	Change 1940-50
1	Detroit	Wayne	1,623,452	1,815,000 [3]	1,849,568	13.9%
2	Grand Rapids	Kent	164,292		176,515	7.4%
3	Flint	Genesee	151,543		163,143	7.7%
4	Saginaw	Saginaw	82,794		92,918	12.2%
5	Lansing	Ingham	78,753	90,000 [4]	92,129	17.0%
6	Pontiac	Oakland	66,626		73,681	10.6%
7	Dearborn	Wayne	63,589		94,994	49.4%
8	Kalamazoo	Kalamazoo	54,097		57,704	6.7%
9	Highland Park	Wayne	50,810		46,393	−8.7%
10	Hamtramck	Wayne	49,839	48,938 [5]	43,555	−12.6%
11	Jackson	Jackson	49,656		51,088	2.9%
12	Bay City	Bay	47,956		52,523	9.5%
13	Muskegon	Muskegon	47,697		48,429	1.5%
14	Battle Creek	Calhoun	43,453		48,666	12.0%
15	Port Huron	St. Clair	32,759		35,725	9.1%
16	Wyandotte	Wayne	30,618		36,846	20.3%
17	Ann Arbor	Washtenaw	29,815		48,251	61.8%
18	Royal Oak	Oakland	25,087		46,898	86.9%
19	Ferndale	Oakland	22,523		29,675	31.8%

Counties

The following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 75,000 based on 1940 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1930 and 1950 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases.

1940 Rank	County	Largest city	1930 Pop.	1940 Pop.	1950 Pop.	Change 1940-50
1	Wayne	Detroit	1,888,946	2,015,623	2,435,235	20.8%
2	Oakland	Pontiac	211,251	254,068	396,001	55.9%
3	Kent	Grand Rapids	240,511	246,338	288,292	17.0%
4	Genesee	Flint	211,641	227,944	270,963	18.9%
5	Ingham	Lansing	116,587	130,616	172,941	32.4%
6	Saginaw	Saginaw	120,717	130,468	153,515	17.7%
7	Macomb	Warren	77,146	107,638	184,961	71.8%
8	Kalamazoo	Kalamazoo	91,368	100,085	126,707	26.6%
9	Jackson	Jackson	92,304	93,108	108,168	16.2%
10	Muskegon	Muskegon	84,630	94,501	121,545	28.6%
11	Calhoun	Battle Creek	87,043	94,206	120,813	28.2%

Companies

The following is a list of major companies based in Michigan in 1946.

Company	1946 sales (millions)	1946 net earnings (millions)	Headquarters	Core business
General Motors			Detroit	Automobiles
Ford Motor Company	na	na [6]		Automobiles
Chrysler				Automobiles
Studebaker Corp.				Automobiles
Briggs Mfg. Co.			Detroit	Automobile parts supplier
S. S. Kresge				Retail
Hudson Motor Car Co.			Detroit	Automobiles
Detroit Edison				Electric utility
Michigan Bell				Telephone utility
Kellogg's			Battle Creek	Breakfast cereal
Parke-Davis			Detroit	Pharmaceutical
REO Motor Car Co.			Lansing	Automobiles
Burroughs Adding Machine				Business machines

Also in 1946, Avis Car Rental was founded by Warren Avis in Ypsilanti, Michigan.

Sports

Baseball

Hank Greenberg, 1946

• 1946 Detroit Tigers season – Under manager Steve O'Neill, the Tigers compiled a 92–62 record and finished second in the American League. The team's statistical leaders included Roy Cullenbine with a .335 batting average and Hank Greenberg with 44 home runs and 127 RBIs. Hal Newhouser led the pitching staff with a 26–9 record and a 1.94 ERA. ^[7] Newhouser finished second in the MVP voting behind Ted Williams. ^[8]
• 1946 Michigan Wolverines baseball season - Under head coach Ray Fisher, the Wolverines compiled an 18–3 record and finished second in the Big Ten Conference. ^[9] Bliss Bowman was the team captain. ^[10]

American football

• 1946 Detroit Lions season – The Lions compiled a 1–10 and finished last in the NFL Western Division. ^[11]
• 1946 Michigan Wolverines football team – Led by head coach Fritz Crisler, the Wolverines compiled a 6–2–1 record and were ranked No. 6 in the final AP poll. Statistical leaders included Bob Chappuis with 735 passing yards and 548 rushing yards. ^[12]
• 1946 Michigan State Spartans football team – Under head coach Charlie Bachman, the Spartans compiled a 5–3–1 record. ^[13]
• 1946 Detroit Titans football team – Under head coach Chuck Baer, the Titans compiled a 6–4 record. ^[14]
• 1946 Central Michigan Chippewas football team - Under head coach Ron Finch, the Chippewas compiled a 6–2 record. ^[15]
• 1946 Western Michigan Broncos football team - Under head coach John Gill, the Broncos compiled a 5–2–1 record. ^[16]
• 1946 Michigan Tech Huskies football team - Under head coach Rex Benoit, the Huskies compiled a 3–2 record. ^[17]
• 1946 Michigan State Normal Hurons football team - Under head coach Elton Rynearson, the Hurons compiled a 3–4–1 record. ^[18]
• 1946 Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association football season - The Hilllsdale Dales and Kalamazoo Hornets tied for the MIAC championship. ^{[19] [20]}

Basketball

• 1945–46 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team – Under head coach Bennie Oosterbaan, the Wolverines compiled a 12–7 record. Dave Strack was the team captain. Glen Selbo was the leading scorer. ^[21]

Ice hockey

• 1945–46 Detroit Red Wings season – The Red Wings compiled a 20–20–10 record and finished fourth in the NHL. The team's statistical leaders included Joe Carveth with 35 points and 18 assists and Adam Brown with 20 goals. ^[22]

Boxing

Joe Louis

• June 19 - Detroit's Joe Louis defeated Billy Conn at Yankee stadium to retain his world heavyweight championship.
• September 18 - Joe Louis defeated Tami Mauriello before a crowd of 38,494 in New York. The fight lasted only two minutes and nine seconds. ^[23]

Boat racing

• APBA Gold Cup – Bandleader Guy Lombardo, racing in his boat, the Tempo VI, won the American Power Boat Association's Gold Cup boat race on the Detroit River. ^{[24] [25]}
• Port Huron to Mackinac Boat Race –

Golfing

• Michigan Open - Chuck Kocsis won the Michigan Open golf tournament, held at the Black River Country Club course in Port Huron, Michigan. ^[26]

Chronology of events

January

• January 3 - The Detroit Tigers traded Rudy York to the Boston Red Sox in exchange for Eddie Lake
• January 26 - Ford and Chrysler reach agreements with the UAW raising wages by 18-1/2 cents per hour at Chrysler and 18 cents an hour at Ford. The strike continued as to GM with Walter Reuther declaring that the UAW would not settle for less than 19-1/2 cents from GM. ^[27]

February

• February 13 - Judge John Simpson freed former state Republican Party boss Frank D. McKay and four others, granting a directed verdict after a month-long trial of the five men on charges of corruption in the administration of the state's liquor control commission. The case had been prosecuted by Kim Sigler who was elected as Michigan governor nine months later. ^[28]
• February 18 - Edward Aloysius Mooney, archbishop of Detroit, was elevated in Rome by Pope Pius XII to the Sacred College of Cardinals. He became Detroit's first cardinal. ^{[29] [30]}
• February 18 - Detroit Tigers slugger Hank Greenberg disclosed his wedding to heiress Caral Glazier Gimbel, daughter of the New York department store owner. ^[31]

March

Walter Reuther

• March - R. J. Thomas and Walter Reuther engage in a bitter struggle for control of the UAW. ^{[32] [33] [34] [35]} Reuther vowed to fight communists within the union. ^[36] Reuther was elected on March 27 by a narrow margin to replace Thomas as president and made plea for unity. ^[37] He vowed that no outside groups of Communists, Trotskyites, or Socialists would be allowed to dictate to the union during his leadership. ^[38] However, the Thomas-Addes faction maintained control of the union's executive board. ^[39]
• March 9 - Strong winds pushed ice flows onto the Killarney and Ricomo Beaches on Saginaw Bay, five miles north of Bay City. The ice reached heights of 40 feet along a two-mile stretch of beach, crushing 100 cottages. ^[40]
• March 12 - Kim Sigler was fired as special prosecutor by Judge Louis E. Coash. Sigler had been the Ingham County grand jury special prosecutor for two years. Despite the termination, Sigler was elected as governor in November. ^[41] One week earlier, Sigler had announced his intention to petition to remove Coach from his supervisory role in Sigler's graft probe. ^[42]
• March 13 - General Motors reached a settlement with the CIO United Auto Workers, ending the United Auto Workers (UAW) strike of 1945–1946 by 175,000 production workers at the world's largest automobile manufacturer that had lasted for 113 days since November 21, 1945. Workers received a wage rate increase of 18.5 cents (17.5%). ^{[43] [44]}

April

• April - The Detroit Street Railroad (DSR) was shut down during the first week of the month by a strike. Workers received a 15-cent wage increase.
• April - The state civil service commission heard the request for reinstatement by former Michigan prison warden Harry H. Jackson. The hearing brought to light evidence of widespread corruption, including bribes for more favorable work assignments, whisky, marijuana, and visits to a house of ill fame. ^{[45] [46] [47] [48]}
• April 16 - The Detroit Tigers won on opening day, defeating the St. Louis Browns before a record crowd of 52,118 at Briggs Stadium. Hal Newhouser pitched a sis-hitter, and Hank Greenberg hit a home run. ^[49]
• April 25 - Frank Lobaido was tried and convicted in Detroit for the rape and attempted murder of seven-year-old Rosalie Giganti on January 27 in the backroom of the Detroit grocery store where Lobaido worked. Lobaido slit the girl's throat and left her in a garage can, but she survived the attack, prayed as she crawled out of the garbage can, and identified Lobaido as her assailant. The jury deliberated for only 12 minutes before convicting Lobaido. ^{[50] [51] [52] [53]}

May

Jimmy Hoffa

• May 4 - As Jimmy Hoffa led the Teamsters in a strike against Detroit meat dealers and grocers, the Detroit Free Press reported that he had emerged as one of the most powerful and autocratic men in Detroit. ^[54]
• May 19 - The Detroit Tigers split a double-header with the Boston Sox before a record crowd of 58,480 at Briggs Stadium. ^[55]

June

• May 31 to June 3 - The Automobile Golden Jubilee was celebrated in Detroit. ^[56] Festivities included painting Woodward Avenue gold with 1,000 gallons of paint, the smashing of a boron atom by the Jubilee Queen, a dramatic musical portrayal of Detroit's history, and an antique automotive exposition. ^{[57] [58] [59]} During the atom-smashing ceremony, the grandstand at Grand Circus Park collapsed with several hundred people on it. ^[60] As part of the jubilee, 14 industry pioneers were inducted into the newly established automotive hall of fame; the inductees included Frank Duryea, Henry Ford, Charles Nash, Ransom Olds, and Barney Oldfield. William Durant and Alfred P. Sloan were unable to attend. ^[61] The Golden Jubilee Parade on June 1 along Woodward Avenue featured floats as well as old and new cars and attracted 750,000 spectators, the largest crowd ever gathered in Detroit. ^[62]
• June 3 - General Motors announced a shakeup in his leadership with Alfred P. Sloan being replaced as CEO by C.E. Wilson. As part of the reorganization, Detroit was made the corporation's administrative headquarters. ^[63]
• June 17 - A tornado struck late in the afternoon in Detroit's downriver River Rouge area and continued across the Detroit River into Canada, killing 20 persons and injuring hundreds. The tornado cut a 400- to 500-yard swath and "leveled blocks of residential and business buildings." Most of the fatalities occurred in Canada. ^{[64] [65]}
• June 18

Kim Sigler won the Republican gubernatorial primary by a 50,000-vote margin over Vernon J. Brown (lieutenant governor), Raymond J. Kelly (former commander of the American Legion), and Edward Jeffries (Detroit mayor). Sigler ran on his reputation as a crusader against government graft and a promise to clean house in Lansing. ^{[66] [67]}

Murray Van Wagoner, who previously served as governor (1941-1943), easily won the Democratic gubernatorial primary by a three-to-one margin over William J. Cody (Wayne County circuit court commissioner). ^[68]

• June 27 - A tornado strikes near downtown Detroit at 3:37 p.m., injuring at least 20 people and causing extensive property damage. ^[69]

July

• July 21 - A Lansing grand jury indicted 24 bankers, lawyers, and lawmakers on charges that the bankers sought to bribe legislators to block an anti-chain bank law. The persons charged included Howard J. Stoddard, president of Michigan National Bank. ^{[70] [71] [72] [73] [74]} In September 1946, the grand jury's star witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to return to the state to testify. ^[75] A federal indictment was then sought to bring Hemans back to Michigan. ^[76] Hemans was brought back to Michigan at the beginning of October. ^[77] In December, Hemans was sentenced to four years in prison for violation of a law prohibiting witnesses to flee a state to avoid giving testimony in a felony. ^[78]
• July 22 - A horse, Valdina Senora, ran into spectators standing along the fence in "the worst horse racing mishap in Michigan history." Seven persons were hurt, including a 58-year-old woman who sustained a skull fracture. ^[79]
• July 27 - A report by the City Plan Commission reported that Detroit's population was 1,815,000, making it the country's fourth largest city despite a decline of 35,000 from the wartime peak in 1945. ^[3]

August

• August 15 - The National Maritime Union (NMU) went on strike against the Great Lakes shipping fleet, paralyzing the region's shipping. ^[80] The strike was marked by violence between NM picketers and representatives of shipping companies. ^{[81] [82] [83] [84]}
• August 17 - Jimmy Hoffa and 17 other Teamsters officials were indicted by a grand jury in Detroit investigating labor racketeering. ^{[85] [86] [87]}
• August 20 - Fielding H. Yost, former University of Michigan football coach died. ^{[88] [89]}

September

• September 7 Jimmy Hoffa was indicted for the second time in less than a month (see August 17). He was charged along with Orrin A. DeMass (former Liquor Control Commission chairman) and James J. Stewart (chief investigator in the Wayne County prosecutor's office) for asking for $3,000 to halt a liquor commission action against bar owner, Turk Prujansky. ^[90] Witnesses were placed under police protection on September 25 after Hoffa reportedly told one, "your dumb ... Do you want to get killed?" ^[91]
• September 18 - More than 50,000 auto workers, including 33,750 at Chrysler, were idled due to a strike at Briggs and resulting part shortages. ^{[92] [93]} The Briggs strike was settled on September 21. ^[94] In October, Prujansky refused to testify before the grand jury and was jailed for contempt. ^[95]

October

• October 12 - No. 4 Michigan lost a close football game to No. 2 Army. ^[96]

November

• November 5

In the 1946 Michigan gubernatorial election, Republican Kim Sigler was elected with 60.28% of the vote, defeating Democrat Murray Van Wagoner. ^[97]

In the 1946 United States Senate election in Michigan, Republican Arthur Vandenberg was reelected with 67.06% of the vote, defeating Democrat James H. Lee. ^[97]

In the 1946 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan, Republicans won 14 of 17 races, flipping three seats previously held by Democrats.

• November 13 - The explosion of a hot-water tank at 11:37 a.m. at the public school in Baroda, Michigan, killed one student, Walter Ruppel (age 14), and injured 18 others. Approximately 250 children were in the school at the time. ^{[98] [99]} The Baroda fire chief blamed a faulty safety valve for the explosion. ^[99]
• November 14 - Ford Motor Co. reported a loss of $51.6 million for the first nine months of the year, prior to adjustments due to tax carrybacks. ^[100]
• November 23 - Michigan defeated Ohio State, 58–6, in their annual rivalry game.

December

• December 6 - Charlie Bachman resigned as Michigan State's football coach.
• December 30 - Arthur Vandenberg of Michigan was selected as the presiding officer of the U.S. Senate for the 80th Congress. ^[101]

Births

Gilda Radner

• January 26 - Deon Jackson, soul singer and songwriter, in Ann Arbor
• January 29 - Bettye LaVette, soul singer-songwriter, in Muskegon
• February 12 - Peter Schoomaker, 35th Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army, in Detroit
• February 17 - Lynne Moody, actress ( That's My Mama , Roots ), in Detroit
• February 25 - Gary Grimshaw, graphic artist, in Detroit
• March 5 - Dave Porter, NCAA wrestling champion and football player, in Lansing
• April 12 - Lewis N. Dodak, 63rd Speaker of the Michigan House of Representatives (1989-1992), in Saginaw County
• June 28 - Gilda Radner, actress and comedian, in Detroit
• July 22 - Paul Schrader, screenwriter ( Taxi Driver , Raging Bull ) and film director ( American Gigolo ), in Grand Rapids, Michigan
• September 7 - Pete Camarata, labor activist and Teamsters leader, in Detroit
• October 17 - Herb Orvis, defensive tackle in the NFL (1972–1981), in Petoskey, Michigan
• November 2 - Tom Paciorek, MLB player (1970-1987), in Detroit
• December 14 - Joyce Vincent Wilson, singer in Tony Orlando and Dawn, in Detroit

• 
  Deon Jackson
• 
  Bettye LaVette
• 
  Peter Schoomaker
• 
  Dave Porter
• 
  Paul Schrader
• 
  Tom Paciorek
• 
  Joyce Vincent Wilson

Deaths

• April 8 - Dr. Frank Cody, Detroit councilman and former president of Wayne University, in Detroit ^[102]
• July 3 - Samuel Odell, Michigan State Treasurer (1917–1919), at age 64 in Shelby Township, Michigan ^[103]
• August 26 - Fielding H. Yost, University of Michigan football coach (1901–1926), at age 75 in Ann Arbor
• October 4 - Barney Oldfield, automobile racer, at age 68 in Beverly Hills, California
• August 8 - Alva M. Cummins, lawyer and politician, 1922 Michigan Democratic gubernatorial nominee, at age 77 in Okemos
• September 13 - Paul Wurtsmith, "Detroit's top-ranked air ace", at age 40 in a plane crash in North Carolina ^[104]
• November 28 - Mariah Herndon, freed slave, at age 107 in Detroit ^[105]

• 
  Fielding H. Yost
• 
  Barney Oldfield
• 
  Alva M. Cummins
• 
  Paul Wurtsmith

See also

• History of Michigan
• History of Detroit

References

1. "Sigler Tops News List". The Lansing State Journal. December 29, 1946. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
2. "Wilson Cites Wage-Price Policy: U.S. Blamed for Production Lag". Detroit Free Press. September 5, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
3. "L.A. Gives the Count to Detroit". Detroit Free Press. July 28, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
4. "City Needs 7,000 Homes". Lansing State Journal. March 10, 1946. p. 23 – via Newspapers.com.
5. "Unusual Statistics Of State Revealed". Lansing State Journal. January 25, 1946. p. 18 – via Newspapers.com.
6. Ford was a privately held company until 1956. Accordingly, its financial results for 1946 were not made public.
7. "1946 Detroit Tigers Statistics". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
8. "Hal Runs Second to Williams in 'Valuable' Race". Detroit Free Press. November 15, 1946. p. 22 – via Newspapers.com.
9. "2012 University of Michigan Baseball Record Book" (PDF). University of Michigan. 2012. pp. 22, 71. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
10. 2012 Record Book, p. 13.
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12. "1946 Football Team". Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
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14. "1946 Detroit Mercy Titans Schedule and Results". SR/College Football. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
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16. "Football Records: Year-By-Year Results - 1940 - 49". Western Michigan University. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
17. W.J. Bingham, ed. (1947). The Official National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Guide including the Official Rules 1947. A.S. Barnes and Company. p. 195.
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24. "Gold Cup Won by Lomardo". Detroit Free Press. September 3, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
25. "1946 Classic Proves 225s Don't Belong in Gold Cup". Detroit Free Press. September 4, 1946. p. 18 – via Newspapers.com.
26. "Kocsis Credits Wife with His Victory in Michigan Open". Detroit Free Press. August 5, 1946. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
27. "Auto Pay Pacts OK'd". Detroit Free Press. January 27, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
28. "Judge Frees Frank M'Kay and 4 Associates: No Criminal Offense Proved, Jurist Rules". The Battle Creek Enquirer and News. February 14, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
29. Clem Lane (February 19, 1946). "32 Cardinals Don Purple in Rome". Detroit Free Press. pp. 1, 4 – via Newspapers.com.
30. "Mooney Gets Biretta from Pope Pius". Detroit Free Press. February 21, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
31. "Hank Greenberg Weds Gimbel Heiress". Detroit Free Press. February 19, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
32. "17 UAW Units Boom Reuther: Drive Starts to Replace R.J. Thomas". Detroit Free Press. March 10, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
33. "Reuther Announces Candidacy: Thomas Sees Plot in UAW". Detroit Free Press. March 24, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
34. "Thomas Accuses Reuther of GM Bungling". Detroit Free Press. March 25, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
35. "Reuther Shows Power in Test Vote". Detroit Free Press. March 26, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
36. "Thomas to Accept Communist Help: Reuther to Fight UAW Reds". Detroit Free Press. March 22, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
37. "UAW Elects Reuther by 125-Vote Margin". Detroit Free Press. March 28, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
38. "Hands Off: Free Union Is Pledged by Reuther: Reds Are Warned Not to Tamper". Detroit Free Press. March 31, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
39. "Reuther Loses Board Fight". Detroit Free Press. March 30, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
40. "Ice Crawls Out of Lake to Crush 100 Cottages". Detroit Free Press. March 10, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
41. "Coash Fires Sigler, Names Ex-Prosecutor To Grand Jury Post". Lansing State Journal. March 13, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
42. "Sigler Wants High Court to Oust Coash". Detroit Free Press. March 7, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
43. "Back We Go! Agreements Green Light To Production". The News-Palladium. March 14, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
44. "Strike Settled for 18-1/2 Cents: GM Workers Await Call Back To Jobs". Detroit Free Press. March 14, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
45. "Ex-Warden Opens Fight: Jackson Loses Skirmishes As First Civil Service Hearing Starts". Lansing State Journal. April 8, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
46. "Convict Tells Of Purchasing Favors". Lansing State Journal. April 10, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
47. "Felon Tells Liquor Board of Trips to O'Larry's Bar: Says He Delivered Whisky to Ex-Warden; Owner on Stand". Detroit Free Press. April 17, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
48. "Jackson Bungled in Job as Warden, Heyns Says". Detroit Free Press. April 24, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.co.
49. "Hank's Homer Wins Opener, 2-1". Detroit Free Press. April 17, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
50. Warren Stromberg (April 26, 1946). "Lobaido Found Guilty by Jury in 12 Minutes". Detroit Free Press. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
51. "Lobaido Jury Sees Alleged Attack Site". Detroit Free Press. April 13, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
52. "Lobaido Accuser Testifies". Detroit Free Press. April 12, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
53. "Girl, 7, Mutilated; Nab Store Clerk". Detroit Free Press. January 28, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
54. "Teamsters Rule Detroit's Wheels: Hoffa Holds reins on City Lifeline; Driers Are Estimated at 30,000". Detroit Free Press. May 4, 1946. pp. 1, 4 – via Newspapers.com.
55. "Record Crowd of 58,480 Cheers as Tigers Split Pair with Boston". Detroit Free Press. May 20, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
56. "Detroit to Relive 50 Golden Years". Detroit Free Press. May 26, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
57. "World to Get Full Picture of Jubilee". Detroit Free Press. May 28, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
58. "Theatricals Next on Jubilee Card". Detroit Free Press. May 31, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
59. "Jubilee Festivities Move to Convention Hall". Detroit Free Press. June 3, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
60. "Jubilee Grandstand Falls; Score Injured". Detroit Free Press. May 30, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
61. "Jubilee Pays Homage to 14 Auto Pioneers". Detroit Free Press. June 1, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
62. "750,000 See Jubiee Parade". Detroit Free Press. June 2, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
63. "Wilson over Sloan in GM Shake-Up". Detroit Free Press. June 4, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
64. "Tornado Cuts Swath Near City: 20 Killed". Detroit Free Press. June 18, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
65. "13 Die in Tornado". The Detroit News (Windsor Star edition). June 18, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
66. "Sigler Victor By 37,000". The News-Palladium. June 19, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
67. Hub M. George (June 20, 1946). "Sigler Given a Plurality of 50,000 in GOP Race". Detroit Free Press. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
68. "Sigler Wins G.O.P. Race; To Face Van Wagoner". Lansing State Journal. June 19, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
69. "Second Tornado in 10 Days Hits City Near Downtown". Detroit Free Press. June 28, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
70. "28 Indicted in Lansing Plot". Detroit Free Press. July 21, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
71. "Bribery Plot Case Opens Today: 24 Ordered to Court by Judge Coash". Detroit Free Press. July 22, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
72. "10 of 11 Deny Bribery to Block Bank Bill". Detroit Free Press. July 23, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
73. "$40,000 Bank Check 'Fee' Allege". Detroit Free Press. September 12, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
74. "Wilkowski Bares Bribe by Hemans". Detroit Free Press. September 13, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
75. "Ultimatum To Hemans: Grand Jury Tells Witness to Return". Detroit Free Press. September 10, 1946. p. 1.
76. "Hemans' Indictment Sought". Detroit Free Press. September 14, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
77. "Hemans Jailed; Eludes Jury". Detroit Free Press. October 2, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
78. "Hemans Set to Appeal 4-Year Term". Detroit Free Press. December 11, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
79. "Horse Runs Wild at Fairgrounds; 7 Hurt". Detroit Free Press. July 23, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
80. "Detroit Area Shipping Is Paralyzed". Detroit Free Press. August 15, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
81. "Ship Pickets Routed in City Dock Clash". Detroit Free Press. August 16, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
82. "New Clashes Mark Lake Strike: LCA Agents Beaten in raid on Hall". Detroit Free Press. August 18, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
83. "Ship Strikers OK Pact for 48-Hr. Week". Detroit Free Press. August 23, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
84. "NMU Frees 17 Ships in Lake Strike". Detroit Free Press. August 24, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
85. "Teamster Chiefs Indicted by Jury as Extortionists". Detroit Free Press. August 18, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
86. "Teamsters' Arraignment Due Today: 18 Indicted Officials to hear charges". Detroit Free Press. August 19, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
87. "Plea of Not Guilty Made for Teamsters". Detroit Free Press. August 20, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
88. Lyall Smith (August 21, 1946). "Fielding H. Yost Succumbs at 75: Noted Coach Led U. of M.'s Golden Era". Detroit Free Press. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
89. "'Hurry Up' Yost Leaves U. of M. Rich Athletic Heritage". Detroit Free Press. August 21, 1946. p. 16 – via Newspapers.com.
90. "Murphy Indicts DeMass, Hoffa". Detroit Free Press. September 8, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
91. "Jury Moves Kept Secret: Detroit Witnesses Guarded In Aftermath to Hoffa's Alleged Threat". Lansing State Journal. September 26, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
92. "2,050 Strike in Auto Plants; 50,000 Idled". Detroit Free Press. September 18, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
93. "Strike Idle Total More Than 50,000". Detroit Free Press. September 19, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
94. "Strike at Briggs Settled". Detroit Free Press. September 22, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
95. "Prujansky Jailed by Grand Jury". Detroit Free Press. October 23, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
96. Wilfrid Smith (October 13, 1946). "Army Beats Michigan: 87,993 Watch Cadets Score 20-13 Triumph: Glenn Davis' Speed Balks Wolverines". Chicago Tribune. p. 2-1.
97. Michigan (1947). Michigan manual. 1947-48. p. 274 – via HathiTrust.
98. "Probe School Explosion: Hot Water Tank Blew Up, Inspector Says". The Herald-Press. November 14, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
99. "School Board Issues Thanks: Blame For Baroda Blast Officially Laid To Faulty Valve". The Herald-Press. November 21, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
100. "Ford Losses for Year Put at 33 Million". Detroit Free Press. November 15, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
101. "Vandenberg Is Chosen President of Senate: Leader's Post Goes to White". Detroit Free Press. December 30, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
102. "Frank Cody Dies; Funeral Thursday". Detroit Free Press. April 9, 1946. p. 1.
103. "Legislator Details - Samuel Odell". Library of Michigan . Retrieved April 28, 2023.
104. "Wurtsmith Found Dead". Detroit Free Press. September 16, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
105. "Brief Illness Is Fatal to Ex-Slave, 107". Detroit Free Press. November 29, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.