2004 Iranian legislative election

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2004 Iranian legislative election
Flag of Iran.svg
  2000 20 February and 7 May 2004 2008  

All 290 seats to the Islamic Consultative Assembly
146 seats needed for a majority
Registered46,351,032 [1]
Turnout51.21% [1]
 First partySecond party
 
Party
Parties
Alliance Principlists Reformists
Seats won19647
Percentage67.58%16.20%
Electoral list Alliance of Builders Coalition For Iran

National Consultative Assembly of Iran following the 2004 elections.svg
Composition of the Assembly following the election

Speaker before election

Mehdi Karroubi
Combatant Clerics

Elected Speaker

Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel
Alliance of Builders

The Iranian parliamentary elections of February 20 and May 7, 2004 were a victory for Islamic conservatives over the reformist parties. Assisting the conservative victory was the disqualification of about 2500 reformist candidates earlier in January.

Contents

Background

The first round of the 2004 elections to the Iranian Parliament were held on February 20, 2004. Most of the 290 seats were decided at that time but a runoff was held 2½ months later on May 7, 2004, for the remaining thirty-nine seats where no candidate gained sufficient votes in the first round. In the Tehran area, the runoff elections were postponed to be held with the Iranian presidential election of June 17, 2005.

The elections took place amidst a serious political crisis following the January 2004 decision to ban about 2500 candidates — nearly half of the total — including 80 sitting Parliament deputies. This decision, by the conservative Council of Guardians vetting body, "shattered any pretense of Iranian democracy", according to some observers. [2]

The victims of the ban were reformists, particularly members of the Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPF), and included several leaders. Prominent banned candidates included Ebrahim Asgharzadeh, Mohsen Mirdamadi, Mohammad-Reza Khatami and Jamileh Kadivar. [3] In many parts of Iran, there weren't even enough independent candidates approved, so the reformists couldn't form an alliance with them. Out of a possible 285 seats (5 seats are reserved for religious minorities: Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians), the participating reformist parties could only introduce 191 candidates. Many pro-reform social and political figures, including Shirin Ebadi, asked people not to vote (although some reformist party leaders, such as those in the IIPF, specifically mentioned they would not be boycotting the elections). Some moderate reformists, however, including President Mohammad Khatami, urged citizens to vote in order to deny the conservative candidates an easy majority.

Conservative political groups included the Militant Clergy Association and the Islamic Coalition Society. Liberal–reformist groups included the Militant Clerics Society, Islamic Iran Participation Front, Construction Executives, and Worker's House. [4]

The day before the election, the reformist newspapers Yas-e-no and Shargh were banned.

Results

Inter-Parliamentary Union
20 February and 7 May 2004 Majlis of Iran election results
Orientiation of candidatesSeats (1st rd.)Seats (2nd rd.)Seats (Total)%
Conservatives 1564019667.58%
Reformists 3984716.20%
Independents 3194013.79%
Undecided59220.68%
Armenians (reserved seat)220.68%
Chaldean and Assyrian Catholic (reserved seat)110.34%
Jewish (reserved seat)110.34%
Zoroastrian (reserved seat)110.34%
Total (Decided seats)2315928899.31
Source: IPU (1st round), Rulers (2nd round)
CIA

According to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) analysis, conservatives won 190 seats, reformists won 50 and independents won 43. [5]

Kazemzadeh (2008)
FactionSeatsBloc seats
Right-wing hardliners 200240a
Reformists b40
Independents40a
Vacant seats10
Total290
Source: Kazemzadeh [6]
aAll independents were allied with hardliners
aReformist are from ACC faction only

Analysis

Political historian Ervand Abrahamian credits the victory of Abadgaran and other conservatives in the 2004 elections (as well as the 2003 and 2005 elections) to the conservatives' retention of their core base of 25% of the voting population; their recruiting of war veteran candidates; their wooing of independents using the issue of national security; and most of all "because large numbers of women, college students, and other members of the salaried middle class" who make up the reformists' base of support "stayed home". [4] Pro-reform voters were discouraged by division in the reform movement and by the disqualifying of reform candidates from running for office. [7]

Official statistics (from the Ministry of Interior)

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References

  1. 1 2 "2004 Parliamentary Election", The Iran Social Science Data Portal, Princeton University, retrieved 10 August 2015
  2. Iran: an afternoon with a hostage-taker, Afshin Molavi Archived 2009-05-30 at the Wayback Machine 10-11-2005
  3. Wright, Robin, Dreams and Shadows : the Future of the Middle East, Penguin Press, 2008, p.311
  4. 1 2 Abrahamian, History of Modern Iran, (2008), p.193
  5. Cordesman, Anthony H.; Kleiber, Martin (2007). Iran's Military Forces and Warfighting Capabilities: The Threat in the Northern Gulf. Greenwood. p. 9. ISBN   978-0-313-34612-5.
  6. Masoud Kazemzadeh (2008), "Intra-Elite Factionalism and the 2004 Majles Elections in Iran", Middle Eastern Studies, 44 (2): 189–214, doi:10.1080/00263200701874867 via Taylor and Francis Online (subscription required)
  7. Abrahamian, History of Modern Iran, (2008), p.194