2005 Nobel Prizes

The 2005Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. Typically announced in early October alongside the other prizes, the Literature Prize experienced a delay. ^[1]

Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm. ^{[2] [3]}

Prizes

Physics

Awardee(s)
	Roy J. Glauber (1925–2018)	American	"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence"	[4]
	John L. Hall (b. 1934)		"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique"
	Theodor W. Hänsch (b. 1941)	German

Chemistry

Awardee(s)
	Yves Chauvin (1930–2015)	French	"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis"	[5]
	Robert H. Grubbs (1942–2021)	American
	Richard R. Schrock (b. 1945)

Physiology or Medicine

Awardee(s)
	Barry J. Marshall (b. 1951)	Australia	"for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease"	[6]
	J. Robin Warren (1937–2024)

Literature

Main article: 2005 Nobel Prize in Literature

Awardee(s)
	Harold Pinter (1930–2008)	United Kingdom	"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms"	[7]

Peace

Main article: 2005 Nobel Peace Prize

Awardee(s)
	International Atomic Energy Agency (founded 1957)	United Nations	"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way."	[8]
	Mohamed ElBaradei (born 1942)	Egypt

Economic Sciences

Awardee(s)
	Robert J. Aumann (b. 1930)	United States   Israel	"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis"	[9]
	Thomas C. Schelling (1921–2016)	United States

Controversies

Literature

Main article: Art, Truth and Politics

Pinter's lecture, titled "Art, Truth, and Politics", was delivered by video due to Pinter's hospitalization which made traveling to Stockholm unsuitable. 46 minutes in length, the lecture addressed many topics, including "political language" and American foreign policy, which subsequently provoked much discourse and criticism, as well as acccusations of Pinter's "anti-Americanism." ^{[10] [11]}

References

1. Ulaby, Neda (October 6, 2005). "Nobel Academy Silent on Literature Prize". NPR .
2. Royen, Ulrika (2013-06-01). "The Nobel Peace Prize Award Ceremony 2005". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
3. "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony 2005". NobelPrize.org. 2013-06-01. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
4. "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
5. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 21 October 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
6. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 18 July 2007. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
7. "Nobel Prize in Literature 2005". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-17. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
8. "The Nobel Peace Prize 2005". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-19. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
9. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2005". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-17. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
10. Billington, Harold Pinter 425–27.
11. Dyer, Gwynne (13 December 2005). "Harold Pinter: the last anti-American" . The Guardian, archived at Lexis-Nexis. Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island: Transcontinental Media Group. Retrieved 29 June 2011.