2003 Nobel Prizes

The 2003Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. ^[1]

Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm. ^{[2] [3]}

Prizes

Physics

Awardee(s)
	Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (1928–2017)	Russian American	"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"	[4]
	Vitaly Ginzburg (1916–2009)	Russian
	Anthony James Leggett (b. 1938)	British American

Chemistry

Awardee(s)
	Peter Agre (b. 1949)	American	"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for the discovery of water channels"	[5]
	Roderick MacKinnon (b. 1956)		"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels"

Physiology or Medicine

Awardee(s)
	Paul Lauterbur (1929–2007)	United States	"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging"	[6]
	Sir Peter Mansfield (1933–2017)	United Kingdom

Literature

Main article: 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature

Awardee(s)
	John Maxwell Coetzee (b. 1940)	South Africa	"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider"	[7]

Peace

Main article: 2003 Nobel Peace Prize

Awardee(s)
	Shirin Ebadi (born 1947)	Iran	"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the rights of women and children."	[8]

Economic Sciences

Awardee(s)
	Robert F. Engle (b. 1942)	United States	"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)"	[9]
	Clive Granger (1934–2009)	United Kingdom	"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)"

Controversies

Physiology or Medicine

Lauterbur and Mansfield's awarding for magnetic resonance imaging development was criticized due to the Nobel Foundation's lack of acknowledgement for Raymond Damadian, a scientist who similarly contributed to the invention of the technology in the seventies alongside Lauterbur and Mansfield. ^[10]

References

1. Ulaby, Neda (October 6, 2005). "Nobel Academy Silent on Literature Prize". NPR .
2. "The Nobel Peace Prize 2003". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
3. "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony 2003". NobelPrize.org. 2013-06-01. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
4. "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 8 October 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
5. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 29 September 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
6. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 18 July 2007. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
7. "Nobel Prize in Literature 2003". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-19. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
8. "The Nobel Peace Prize 2003". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-21. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
9. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2003". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-17. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
10. Dreizen, Paul (2004). "The Nobel prize for MRI: a wonderful discovery and a sad controversy". The Lancet. 363 (9402): 78. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15182-3.