1998 Nobel Prizes

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The 1998 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. [1]

Contents

Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm. [2] [3]

Prizes

Physics

Awardee(s)
Robert Laughlin, Stanford University.jpg Robert B. Laughlin

(b. 1950)

Flag of the United States.svg American"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations" [4]
Horst Stormer cropped.jpg Horst Ludwig Störmer

(b. 1949)

Flag of Germany.svg German
Daniel Chee Tsui.jpg Daniel C. Tsui

(b. 1939)

Flag of the United States.svg American

Chemistry

Awardee(s)
WalterKohnGraz21042006 1.jpg Walter Kohn

(1923–2016)

Flag of Austria.svg Austrian

Flag of the United States.svg American

"for his development of the density-functional theory" [5]
John Anthony Pople.png John A. Pople

(1925–2004)

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry"

Physiology or Medicine

Awardee(s)
Drfurchgott.jpg Robert F. Furchgott

(1916–2009)

Flag of the United States.svg  United States "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system" [6]
Loius Ignarro.jpg Louis J. Ignarro

(b. 1941)

Ferid Murad.jpg Ferid Murad

(1936–2023)

Literature

Awardee(s)
Jo-Sa (cropped).jpg José Saramago

(1922–2010)

Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal "who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality" [7]

Peace

Awardee(s)
John Hume 2008.jpg John Hume

(1937–2020)

Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland "for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland." [8]
Official portrait of Lord Trimble crop 2.jpg David Trimble

(1944–2022)

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom

Economic Sciences

Awardee(s)
Amartya Sen 20071128 cologne.jpg Amartya Sen

(b. 1933)

Flag of India.svg  India "for his contributions to welfare economics" [9]

Controversies

Physiology or Medicine

The award provoked some outcry from the scientific community for not acknowledging Salvador Moncada, a scientist who significantly contributed to the awarded discoveries with Furchgott. [10] [11]

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. ↑ "All Nobel Prizes". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
  2. ↑ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1998". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
  3. ↑ "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony 1998". NobelPrize.org. 2013-06-01. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
  4. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 December 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
  5. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 26 October 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
  6. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
  7. ↑ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1998". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-19. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
  8. ↑ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1998". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-28. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  9. ↑ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1998". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2014-10-11. Retrieved 2008-10-14.
  10. ↑ Howlett, R. (1998). "Nobel award stirs up debate on nitric oxide breakthrough". Nature. 395 (6703): 625–26. Bibcode:1998Natur.395Q.625H. doi: 10.1038/27019 . PMID   9790176.
  11. ↑ SoRelle, Ruth (1998). "Nobel Prize Awarded to Scientists for Nitric Oxide Discoveries". Circulation. 98 (22): 2365–2366. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.98.22.2365 . PMID   9832478.
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