2009 Nobel Prizes

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The 2009 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. [1]

Contents

Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm. [2] [3]

Prizes

Physics

Awardee(s)
Charles K. Kao cropped 2.jpg Charles K. Kao

(1933–2018)

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Chinese

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British

"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication" [4]
Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-23.jpg Willard S. Boyle

(1924–2011)

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canadian"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit—the CCD sensor"
Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-27.jpg George E. Smith

(b. 1930)

Flag of the United States.svg American

Chemistry

Awardee(s)
Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-04.jpg Venkatraman Ramakrishnan

(b. 1952)

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British

Flag of the United States.svg American

"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome" [5]
Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-10.jpg Thomas A. Steitz

(1940–2018)

Flag of the United States.svg American
AdaYonath (cropped).jpg Ada E. Yonath

(b. 1939)

Flag of Israel.svg Israeli

Physiology or Medicine

Awardee(s)
Elizabeth Blackburn 2009-01.JPG Elizabeth H. Blackburn

(b. 1948)

Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia

Flag of the United States.svg  United States

"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase" [6]
GREIDER Carol 2014 - Less vignetting.jpg Carol W. Greider

(b. 1961)

Flag of the United States.svg  United States
JSzostak.jpg Jack W. Szostak

(b. 1952)

Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada

Flag of the United States.svg  United States

Literature

Awardee(s)
Herta Muller Literaturfest Munchen 2016 (cropped).jpg Herta Müller

(b. 1953)

Flag of Germany.svg  Germany

Flag of Romania.svg  Romania

"who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed" [7]

Peace

Awardee(s)
Official portrait of Barack Obama-2.jpg Barack Obama

(born 1961)

Flag of the United States.svg  United States "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples." [8]

Economic Sciences

Awardee(s)
Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-30.jpg Elinor Ostrom

(1933–2012)

Flag of the United States.svg  United States "for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons" [9]
Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-42.jpg Oliver E. Williamson

(1932–2020)

"for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm"

Controversies

Peace

The Peace Prize's awarding to Obama drew widespread criticism on several counts. Polling data on American sentiments regarding its conferment were mixed, and several pointed out that Obama had only served nine months in the White House prior to receiving the prize and therefore it was undeserved or, at least, premature. [10] Opinion across the world, among citizens of different countries as well as many heads of state, was divided. [11] Many, such as those in the Los Angeles Times and The New York Times , saw it less as a celebration of Obama and more so a critique of the presidency of George W. Bush. [12] [13] Peter Beinart of the Daily Beast called the decision a "farce"; Noam Chomsky said: "In defense of the committee, we might say that the achievement of doing nothing to advance peace places Obama on a considerably higher moral plane than some of the earlier recipients". [14] [15] Some called the Nobel Foundation no longer credible. [16] [17]

Later, through Obama's terms as president, public opinion among Americans regarding his deservingness for the prize waned. [18] [19] Critics continued to cite the War on Terror as an indictment of his award's citation. [20] [21] Some even called for it to be rescinded or returned. [22] Geil Lundestad, the former director of the Nobel Foundation up until 2014, said in his 2015 memoir that Obama failed to live up to the Nobel Committee's expectations. [23] [24]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Prize</span> Prizes established by Alfred Nobel in 1895

The Nobel Prizes are five separate prizes awarded to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, as established by the 1895 will of Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist Alfred Nobel, in the year before he died. Prizes were first awarded in 1901 by the Nobel Foundation. Nobel's will indicated that the awards should be granted in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. A sixth prize for Economic Sciences, endowed by Sweden's central bank, Sveriges Riksbank, and first presented in 1969, is also frequently included, as it is also administered by the Nobel Foundation. The Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards available in their respective fields.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Prize in Physics</span> One of the five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel

The Nobel Prize in Physics is an annual award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions to mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901, the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Physics is traditionally the first award presented in the Nobel Prize ceremony.

Since the first award in 1901, conferment of the Nobel Prize has engendered criticism and controversy. After his death in 1896, the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel established that an annual prize be awarded for service to humanity in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. Similarly, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is awarded along with the Nobel Prizes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009 Nobel Peace Prize</span> Award given to Barack Obama

The 2009 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to United States president Barack Obama for his "extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples". The Norwegian Nobel Committee announced the award on October 9, 2009, citing Obama's promotion of nuclear nonproliferation and a "new climate" in international relations fostered by Obama, especially in reaching out to the Muslim world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</span> One of the five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation, and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry which consists of five members elected by the Academy. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Peace Prize</span> One of five Nobel Prizes established by Alfred Nobel

The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature. Since March 1901, it has been awarded annually to people who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses." The Oxford Dictionary of Contemporary History describes it as "the most prestigious prize in the world."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brahma Chellaney</span> Indian geostrategist and writer

Brahma Chellaney is an Indian geostrategist and columnist. He is a professor of strategic studies at the Centre for Policy Research in New Delhi. He was a member of India's National Security Advisory Board and an author of its draft nuclear doctrine. He is a regular columnist for Project Syndicate, and writes for numerous other international publications. One of his books won the Bernard Schwartz Award in the United States.

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References

  1. ↑ "All Nobel Prizes". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
  2. ↑ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2009". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
  3. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
  4. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 8 October 2009. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
  5. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 10 October 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
  6. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 8 October 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
  7. ↑ "Nobel Prize in Literature 2009". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 October 2009. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
  8. ↑ "The Nobel Peace Prize 2009". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-11. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  9. ↑ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2009". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2009-10-15. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
  10. ↑ Jackson, David (October 20, 2009). "Poll: Most don't think Obama deserved Nobel award". USA Today. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  11. ↑ Joseph Weber (October 9, 2009). "Reaction to Obama's Nobel prize varies". The Washington Times.
  12. ↑ "Obama and the Nobel: He loses by winning". Los Angeles Times. October 10, 2009. Archived from the original on October 11, 2009. Retrieved October 9, 2009.
  13. ↑ Friedman, Thomas L. (October 11, 2009). "The Peace (Keepers) Prize". The New York Times. Retrieved October 11, 2009.
  14. ↑ Beinart, Peter (October 9, 2009). "Obama's Nobel Farce". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on October 11, 2009. Retrieved October 12, 2009.
  15. ↑ "Hopes And Prospects" Archived February 13, 2010, at the Wayback Machine , Amnesty International Lecture given in Belfast, Northern Ireland, October 30, 2009
  16. ↑ Gerson, Michael (October 9, 2009). "Obama's Nobel for Good Intentions". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 12, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  17. ↑ Wehner, Peter (October 9, 2009). "Another Slap at Bush – but He Can Take It". Commentary. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  18. ↑ Jackson, David (October 20, 2009). "Poll: Most don't think Obama deserved Nobel award". USA Today. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
  19. ↑ Phillips, Jak (October 7, 2011). "Top 10 Obama Backlash Moments". Time. Retrieved August 6, 2021.
  20. ↑ Steven Nelson (April 12, 2013). "Ron Paul: Bradley Manning Promotes Peace More Than Obama". US News. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
  21. ↑ Chellaney, Brahma (June 5, 2012). "More war than peace: Nobel peace winner Obama's legacy". Hindustan Times. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
  22. ↑ Chellaney, Brahma (January 18, 2017). "The Growing Campaign to Revoke Obama's Nobel Peace Prize". Hindustan Times. Retrieved December 11, 2018.
  23. ↑ "Former Nobel secretary says Obama's peace prize didn't have desired effect". U.S. News & World Report. September 16, 2015. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
  24. ↑ "Nobel director regretted Obama peace prize". The Local. September 16, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2015.
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