The 2014 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. [1]
Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm. [2] [3]
Awardee(s) | ||||
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![]() | Isamu Akasaki (1929–2021) | ![]() | "for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources" | [4] |
![]() | Hiroshi Amano (b. 1960) | |||
![]() | Shuji Nakamura (b. 1954) | ![]()
|
Awardee(s) | ||||
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![]() | Eric Betzig (b. 1960) | ![]() | "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy" | [5] |
![]() | Stefan W. Hell (b. 1962) | ![]()
| ||
![]() | William E. Moerner (b. 1953) | ![]() |
Awardee(s) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | John O'Keefe (b. 1939) | ![]() | "for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain" | [7] |
![]() | May-Britt Moser (b. 1963) | ![]() | ||
![]() | Edvard I. Moser (b. 1962) |
Awardee(s) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | Patrick Modiano (b. 1945) | ![]() | "for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the Occupation" | [8] |
Awardee(s) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | Kailash Satyarthi (born 1954) | ![]() | "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education." | [9] |
![]() | Malala Yousafzai (born 1997) | ![]() |
Awardee(s) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | Jean Tirole (b. 1953) | ![]() | "for his analysis of market power and regulation" | [10] |
Some questioned the award's lack of recognition for other scientists who helped pioneer light-emitting diodes such as Oleg Losev, Nick Holonyak, Gertrude Neumark. [11] [12] In particular, it was mentioned that materials scientist Herbert Paul Maruska could be credited with first developing the blue LED. [13] [14]
The Nobel Prizes are five separate prizes awarded to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, as established by the 1895 will of Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist Alfred Nobel, in the year before he died. Prizes were first awarded in 1901 by the Nobel Foundation. Nobel's will indicated that the awards should be granted in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. A sixth prize for Economic Sciences, endowed by Sweden's central bank, Sveriges Riksbank, and first presented in 1969, is also frequently included, as it is also administered by the Nobel Foundation. The Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards available in their respective fields.
The Nobel Prize in Physics is an annual award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions to mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901, the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Physics is traditionally the first award presented in the Nobel Prize ceremony.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation, and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry which consists of five members elected by the Academy. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
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