2014 Nobel Prizes

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The 2014 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences. [1]

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Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm. [2] [3]

Prizes

Physics

Awardee(s)
Isamu Akasaki 20141211.jpg Isamu Akasaki

(1929–2021)

Flag of Japan.svg Japanese"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources" [4]
Hiroshi Amano 20141211.jpg Hiroshi Amano

(b. 1960)

Shuji Nakamura Nobel (cropped).jpg Shuji Nakamura

(b. 1954)

Flag of Japan.svg Japanese

Flag of the United States.svg American

Chemistry

Awardee(s)
Eric Betzig.jpg Eric Betzig

(b. 1960)

Flag of the United States.svg American"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy" [5]
Stefan W Hell.jpg Stefan W. Hell

(b. 1962)

Flag of Romania.svg Romanian [6]

Flag of Germany.svg German

WE Moerner.jpg William E. Moerner

(b. 1953)

Flag of the United States.svg American

Physiology or Medicine

Awardee(s)
John O'Keefe (neuroscientist) 2014b.jpg John O'Keefe

(b. 1939)

Flag of the United States.svg  United States

Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom

"for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain" [7]
May-Britt Moser 2014.jpg May-Britt Moser

(b. 1963)

Flag of Norway.svg  Norway
Edvard Moser (3x4 cropped).jpg Edvard I. Moser

(b. 1962)

Literature

Awardee(s)
Patrick Modiano 6 dec 2014 - 19 (cropped).jpg Patrick Modiano

(b. 1945)

Flag of France.svg  France "for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the Occupation" [8]

Peace

Awardee(s)
Kailash Satyarthi March 2015.jpg Kailash Satyarthi

(born 1954)

Flag of India.svg  India "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education." [9]
Malala Yousafzai at Girl Summit 2014.jpg Malala Yousafzai

(born 1997)

Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan

Economic Sciences

Awardee(s)
Jean Tirole (cropped).jpg Jean Tirole

(b. 1953)

Flag of France.svg  France "for his analysis of market power and regulation" [10]

Controversies

Physics

Some questioned the award's lack of recognition for other scientists who helped pioneer light-emitting diodes such as Oleg Losev, Nick Holonyak, Gertrude Neumark. [11] [12] In particular, it was mentioned that materials scientist Herbert Paul Maruska could be credited with first developing the blue LED. [13] [14]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Prize</span> Prizes established by Alfred Nobel in 1895

The Nobel Prizes are five separate prizes awarded to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, as established by the 1895 will of Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist Alfred Nobel, in the year before he died. Prizes were first awarded in 1901 by the Nobel Foundation. Nobel's will indicated that the awards should be granted in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace. A sixth prize for Economic Sciences, endowed by Sweden's central bank, Sveriges Riksbank, and first presented in 1969, is also frequently included, as it is also administered by the Nobel Foundation. The Nobel Prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards available in their respective fields.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Prize in Physics</span> One of the five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel

The Nobel Prize in Physics is an annual award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions to mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901, the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Physics is traditionally the first award presented in the Nobel Prize ceremony.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</span> One of the five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation, and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry which consists of five members elected by the Academy. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.

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References

  1. Owen, Paul (2014-10-13). "Nobel prizes 2014 – the winners". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2024-12-09.
  2. "The Nobel Peace Prize 2014". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-09.
  3. "Video - The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony 2014". NobelPrize.org. 2014-12-18. Retrieved 2024-12-09.
  4. "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 7 April 2024. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  5. "Microscope work wins Nobel Prize". BBC. 8 October 2014. Archived from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  6. "Erviu Exclusiv Digi24. Stefan Hell, laureat al premiului Nobel: Educaţia primită în România m-a ajutat mult. Mi-a ușurat viața" (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  7. "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  8. "Nobel Prize in Literature 2014". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 31 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  9. "The Nobel Peace Prize 2014". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2014-10-10. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  10. "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2014". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2018-12-26. Retrieved 2014-10-13.
  11. "Inventor of the red LED hits out at committee for 'overlooking' his seminal 1960s work". The Independent. October 8, 2014. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
  12. "LED and Laser Diode Patent Holder Gertrude Neumark Rothschild Died". 2010-10-25. Retrieved October 11, 2020.
  13. "Nobel Shocker: RCA Had the First Blue LED in 1972". IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News. October 9, 2014. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
  14. "Oregon tech CEO says Nobel Prize in Physics overlooks the actual inventors". OregonLive.com. October 16, 2014. Retrieved 2018-10-17.