AAMP (gene)

AAMP
Identifiers
Aliases	AAMP , angio associated migratory cell protein
External IDs	OMIM: 603488; MGI: 107809; HomoloGene: 846; GeneCards: AAMP; OMA:AAMP - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human) [1] Band 2q35 Start 218,264,129 bp [1] End 218,270,178 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 1 (mouse) [2] Band 1 C3|1 38.53 cM Start 74,318,999 bp [2] End 74,323,897 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in body of stomach mucosa of transverse colon left ovary right ovary anterior pituitary gastric mucosa skin of leg stromal cell of endometrium left lobe of thyroid gland skin of abdomen Top expressed in spermatid saccule spermatocyte otic placode seminiferous tubule choroid plexus of fourth ventricle otic vesicle lactiferous gland yolk sac dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function unfolded protein binding heparin binding Cellular component microtubule cytoskeleton intercellular bridge cytosol cell surface plasma membrane membrane preribosome, large subunit precursor cytoplasm Biological process positive regulation of endothelial cell migration multicellular organism development cell differentiation angiogenesis smooth muscle cell migration ribosomal large subunit biogenesis Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 14 227290 Ensembl ENSG00000127837 ENSMUSG00000006299 UniProt Q13685 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001302545 NM_001087 NM_001190444 NM_146110 RefSeq (protein) NP_001078 NP_001289474 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 218.26 – 218.27 Mb Chr 1: 74.32 – 74.32 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Angio-associated, migratory cell protein, also known as AAMP, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the AAMP gene. ^[5] This protein has been conserved in evolution and is so common to many mammals. ^[6] and it also has a yeast homolog which is the protein YCR072c. ^{[7] [8]}

Localisation

The gene is located on the second human chromosome, near the end of the chromosome's arm (2q35), between the codons 85-87 and 1387–1389. It contains 6042 bp and 11 exons ^[6] When transcribed, it gives a 1859 bp mRNA. . ^[6] The vascular endothelial growth factor is a promoting factor of the protein synthesis and localisation in the different parts of the cells. ^[9] The protein's expression is higher in the intracellular than in the extracellular space. ^[7]

Function

The gene product is an immunoglobulin-type protein of 434 amino acids and 49 kDa. ^[6] It is found to be expressed strongly in the cytosol of endothelial cells, cytotrophoblasts, and poorly differentiated colon adenocarcinoma cells found in lymphatics and has been observed at the luminal edges of endometrial cells and in the extracellular environment of vascular-associated mesenchymal cells. ^[6]

The protein contains a WD40 domain which permits multi-proteins complexes formation ^[6] and a heparin-binding domain which mediates heparin-sensitive cell adhesion. ^[5] AAMP helps to regulate vascular endothelial cell migration regulation and angiogenesis, with other signaling pathway like RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling. ^[9] A malfunction can therefore lead to different diseases (see Associated diseases). For example, in the smooth muscle cells, if AAMP is overexpressed, it activates RhoA, which activates Rho-kinase (this one generates GTP) and it finally leads to increased smooth muscle cell migration and division, causing atherosclerosis and restenosis. ^[10]

Associated diseases

Note : In all these diseases ^[6] we can observe the expression of the AAMP gene. This one can either remain stable, increase or decrease depending on the disease.

List of the diseases : gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) (for this disease and the ductal carcinomas, the expression levels are to correlate with necrosis in situ ^[11] ), myeloid leukemia (chronic (CML) and acute (AML) forms), lymphoma, breast cancer, glial brain tumors, colon neoplasia, epidermoid carcinoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, papillary thyroid cancer, pulmonary cancer, atherosclerosis, restenosis.

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000127837 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000006299 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. "Entrez Gene: AAMP angio-associated, migratory cell protein".
6. Beckner ME (March 2012). "AAMP (angio-associated, migratory cell protein)". Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology. 16 (2): 111–114. doi: 10.4267/2042/46939 .
7. Beckner ME, Peterson VA, Moul DE (1999). "Angio-associated migratory cell protein is expressed as an extracellular protein by blood-vessel-associated mesenchymal cells". Microvascular Research. 57 (3): 347–52. doi:10.1006/mvre.1999.2144. PMID   10329261.
8. Beckner ME, Liotta LA (July 1996). "AAMP, a conserved protein with immunoglobulin and WD40 domains, regulates endothelial tube formation in vitro". Laboratory Investigation; A Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology. 75 (1): 97–107. PMID   8683944.
9. Hu J, Qiu J, Zheng Y, Zhang T, Yin T, Xie X, Wang G (May 2016). "AAMP Regulates Endothelial Cell Migration and Angiogenesis Through RhoA/Rho Kinase Signaling". Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 44 (5): 1462–74. doi:10.1007/s10439-015-1442-0. PMID   26350504. S2CID   52810718.
10. Holvoet P, Sinnaeve P (July 2008). "Angio-associated migratory cell protein and smooth muscle cell migration in development of restenosis and atherosclerosis". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 52 (4): 312–4. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.04.024 . PMID   18634988.
11. Bielig H, Zurek B, Kutsch A, Menning M, Philpott DJ, Sansonetti PJ, Kufer TA (August 2009). "A function for AAMP in Nod2-mediated NF-kappaB activation". Molecular Immunology. 46 (13): 2647–54. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2009.04.022. PMID   19535145.

External links

• Human AAMP genome location and AAMP gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser .

Further reading

• Beckner ME, Krutzsch HC, Stracke ML, Williams ST, Gallardo JA, Liotta LA (May 1995). "Identification of a new immunoglobulin superfamily protein expressed in blood vessels with a heparin-binding consensus sequence". Cancer Research. 55 (10): 2140–9. PMID   7743515.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID   8125298.
• Beckner ME, Krutzsch HC, Klipstein S, Williams ST, Maguire JE, Doval M, Liotta LA (June 1996). "AAMP, a newly identified protein, shares a common epitope with alpha-actinin and a fast skeletal muscle fiber protein". Experimental Cell Research. 225 (2): 306–14. doi:10.1006/excr.1996.0181. PMID   8660919.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID   9373149.
• Beckner ME, Jagannathan S, Peterson VA (May 2002). "Extracellular angio-associated migratory cell protein plays a positive role in angiogenesis and is regulated by astrocytes in coculture". Microvascular Research. 63 (3): 259–69. doi:10.1006/mvre.2001.2384. PMID   11969303.
• Brandenberger R, Wei H, Zhang S, Lei S, Murage J, Fisk GJ, Li Y, Xu C, Fang R, Guegler K, Rao MS, Mandalam R, Lebkowski J, Stanton LW (June 2004). "Transcriptome characterization elucidates signaling networks that control human ES cell growth and differentiation". Nature Biotechnology. 22 (6): 707–16. doi:10.1038/nbt971. PMID   15146197. S2CID   27764390.
• Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Yamashita R, Yamamoto J, Sekine M, Tsuritani K, Wakaguri H, Ishii S, Sugiyama T, Saito K, Isono Y, Irie R, Kushida N, Yoneyama T, Otsuka R, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Kondo H, Wagatsuma M, Murakawa K, Ishida S, Ishibashi T, Takahashi-Fujii A, Tanase T, Nagai K, Kikuchi H, Nakai K, Isogai T, Sugano S (January 2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Research. 16 (1): 55–65. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMC   1356129 . PMID   16344560.