| Acaenitinae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Coleocentrus excitator | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Ichneumonidae |
| Subfamily: | Acaenitinae Förster, 1869 |
Acaenitinae is a subfamily of the parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae. Female Acaenitinae have a large triangular projecting genital plate. [1]
It is distributed on all continents except Antarctica, although only one specimen (from the genus Arotes) has ever been discovered in South America. [2]
The subfamily has traditionally been divided into two tribes (Acaenitini and Coleocentrini) and comprises 28 genera. [3] [4] The validity of tribes remains debated. Wahl and Gauld considered Coleocentrini paraphyletic and favored abandoning a tribal arrangement in 1998. [2] In contrast, Klopfstein et al. and Bennett et al. found Acaenitini to be monophyletic in 2019. However, they also found that Coleocentrus, the type genus of Coleocentrini, was not recovered as sister to Acaenitini. [1]
The Ichneumonidae, also known as ichneumon wasps, ichneumonid wasps, ichneumonids, or Darwin wasps, are a family of parasitoid wasps of the insect order Hymenoptera. They are one of the most diverse groups within the Hymenoptera with roughly 25,000 species described as of 2016. However, this likely represents less than a quarter of their true richness as reliable estimates are lacking, along with much of the most basic knowledge about their ecology, distribution, and evolution. It is estimated that there are more species in this family than there are species of birds and mammals combined. Ichneumonid wasps, with very few exceptions, attack the immature stages of holometabolous insects and spiders, eventually killing their hosts. They thus fulfill an important role as regulators of insect populations, both in natural and semi-natural systems, making them promising agents for biological control.
Cryptinae is a subfamily of wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. The family has also been called Gelinae, Hemitelinae, and Phygadeuontinae by various authorities, though the Phygadeuontinae have since been elevated to a separate subfamily.
Banchinae is a subfamily of ichneumonid parasitoid wasps containing about 1,500 species; the genera Glypta and Lissonota are very large. The three tribes are all distributed worldwide.
Pimplinae are a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae.
Anomaloninae is a subfamily of parasitoid wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. Several species provide beneficial services to humans by attacking forest or orchard pests.
The Tryphoninae comprise a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae.
Campopleginae is a large subfamily of the parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae with a world-wide distribution. Species in this subfamily have been used in the biological control of the alfalfa weevil, clover weevil, various species of Heliothis, oriental army worm, European corn borer, larch sawfly, and others.
Tersilochinae is a worldwide subfamily of the parasitic wasp family Ichneumonidae.
Phygadeuontini is a tribe of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. It is the only tribe in the subfamily Phygadeuontinae. There are about 123 genera in 12 subtribes worldwide.
Netelia is a genus of ichneumonid wasps in the subfamily Tryphoninae. There are over 330 described species in Netelia grouped into 12 subgenera.
Triclistus is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are at least 90 described species in Triclistus.
Dolichomitus is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are at least 70 described species in Dolichomitus. The name is derived from the Greek dolicho, meaning long or narrow, and the Greek mitus, meaning a thread.
Gravenhorstiini is a large tribe of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae It contains all the genera of the subfamily Anomaloninae, excepting Anomalon.
Aptesis is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae. The genus was first described by Arnold Förster in 1850 and has almost cosmopolitan distribution.
Arotes is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae.
Casinaria is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae.
Enizemum is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae.
Habronyx is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae. The species of this genus are found in Europe, Australia, and North and South America.
Sinophorus is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae.
Syzeuctus is a genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae.
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