A plant canker is a small area of dead tissue, which grows slowly, often over years. Some cankers are of only minor consequence, but others are ultimately lethal and therefore can have major economic implications for agriculture and horticulture. Their causes include a wide range of organisms as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas and viruses. The majority of canker-causing organisms are bound to a unique host species or genus, but a few will attack other plants. Weather and animal damage can also cause stress to the plant resulting in cankers. Other causes of cankers is pruning when the bark is wet or using un-sterilized tools.
Acaulospora is a genus of fungi in the family Acaulosporaceae. Species in this genus are widespread in distribution, and form arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots.
Acaulospora alpina is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. The fungus was discovered in Switzerland, in the rhizosphere of an alpine grassland at altitudes between 1,800 and 2,700 metres.
Acaulospora capsicula is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. It can be distinguished easily from other species of the same genus by spore color and wall structure.
Acaulospora delicata is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. Discovered growing in a pot culture with Sorghum sudanense, the fungus was described as new to science in 1986.
Acaulospora denticulata is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. Isolated from garden soil in Colombia, the fungus was described as new to science in 1987.
Acaulospora dilatata is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. Originally found in West Virginia in soil associated with Andropogon virginicus, the fungus was described as new to science in 1986.
Acaulospora excavata is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. The fungus, first isolated from soil under the tree Terminalia ivorensis in the Ivory Coast, was described as new to science in 1994.
Acaulospora gedanensis is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. Found in Poland growing under Festuca ovina, it was described as a new species in 1988.
Acaulospora lacunosa is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. Originally found in West Virginia in soil associated with Andropogon virginicus, the fungus was described as new to science in 1986. The specific epithet refers to the outermost wall of the spore, which has a characteristic appearance of the lunar surface.
Acaulospora laevis is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots.
Acaulospora polonica is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. Found in Poland growing under Thuja occidentalis, it was described as a new species in 1988.
Acaulospora rugosa is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. Originally found in West Virginia in soil associated with Andropogon virginicus, the fungus was described as new to science in 1986.
Acaulospora scrobiculata is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. Originally described in Mexico, it is found throughout the world.
Acaulospora sporocarpia is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots.
Acaulospora thomii is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. Found in Poland growing under Triticum aestivum, it was described as a new species in 1988.
Acaulospora tuberculata is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. Found growing in forest soil in Panama, the species was described as new to science in 1982.
Acaulospora walkeri is a species of fungus in the family Acaulosporaceae. It forms arbuscular mycorrhiza and vesicles in roots. It is found in Indonesia, where it associates with Theobroma cacao.
James Martin Trappe is a mycologist and expert in the field of North American truffle species. He has authored or co-authored 450 scientific papers and written three books on the subject. MycoBank lists him as either author or co-author of 401 individual species, and over the course of his career he has helped guide research on mycorrhizal fungi, and reshaped truffle taxonomy: establishing a new order, two new families, and 40 individual genera.
Wilcoxina rehmii is an ascomycete fungus of the Peziza group. It was first described in 1985. It has been identified in France, Kyrgyzstan, Canada, and the United States.
