Acraspis quercushirta

Last updated

Acraspis quercushirta
Acraspis macrocarpae adult female.jpeg
adult female, Aug 31 2020
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Cynipidae
Genus: Acraspis
Species:
A. quercushirta
Binomial name
Acraspis quercushirta
Bassett, 1864 [1]
Synonyms
  • Acraspis macrescensKinsey, 1936
  • Acraspis macrocarpaeBassett, 1890
  • Acraspis undulataGillette, 1893
  • Cynips quercushirtaBassett, 1864

Acraspis quercushirta, the jewel oak gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae, [2] [3] tribe Cynipini (oak gall wasps), [4] found in North America. [5] [6]

Hosts are white oaks, including bur oak, Gambel oak, Chapman oak, swamp chestnut oak, and chestnut oak. [1]

Ecology and Life History

Like most oak gall wasps, this species has two generations per year - one asexual (or agamic) and one sexual, with each generation producing distinct galls. [1] The wingless females of the asexual generation emerge from their galls in fall and climb up an oak tree to oviposit in bud scales thereby inducing the gall development. [1] [7] These inconspicuous galls and their larval inhabitants overwinter and continue their development in spring before adults emerge in late May and early June. [1] These sexual generation adults mate and the females oviposit on veins on the underside of host leaves. [2] [8] The induced gall is detachable, oval in shape, and the color can range from white to yellowish to tan or brown. The surface is fissured into facets that end in a short, hard point, reminiscent of jewelry. [9] These galls typically fall with the leaves in autumn with the asexual female adults emerging shortly thereafter.

Related Research Articles

<i>Andricus</i> Genus of wasps

Andricus is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cynipini</span> Tribe of wasps

Cynipini is a tribe of gall wasps. These insects induce galls in plants of the beech and oak family, Fagaceae. They are known commonly as the oak gall wasps. It is the largest cynipid tribe, with about 936 to 1000 recognized species, most of which are associated with oaks. The tribe is mainly native to the Holarctic.

<i>Acraspis</i> Genus of wasps

Acraspis is a genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. The following species are recognised in the genus Acraspis:

<i>Trichagalma formosana</i> Species of wasp

Trichagalma formosana is a gall wasp species in the family Cynipidae whose life cycle involves only Palaearctic oaks, Quercus subgen. Quercus, in the section Cerris. It is endemic to Taiwan.

Aphelonyx is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae, comprising three known species:

Bassettia is a genus of gall wasps found in North America.

<i>Feron kingi</i> Species of wasp

Feron kingi, the red cone gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae.

<i>Disholcaspis</i> Genus of gall wasps

Disholcaspis is a genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are more than 40 species described in the genus Disholcaspis. Some Disholcaspis species induce galls that produce honeydew, a sweet liquid that attracts yellow jackets, ants, and bees. These insects then protect the galls from parasitic wasps.

<i>Callirhytis</i> Genus of wasps

Callirhytis is a genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are more than 90 described species in Callirhytis. Wasps in this genus primarily induce wasps on oak trees in North America.

<i>Philonix</i> Genus of wasps

Philonix is a genus of oak gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. Species in this genus are only known from Canada, the United States, and Mexico. The larvae of Philonix wasps induce galls on white oaks that are typically spherical, soft and fleshy. Galls are usually formed on the underside of leaves. Adult wasps are similar in appearance to species in the genus Acraspis. Many gall wasps have alternate sexual and asexual generations, but this has not been documented in Philonix.

<i>Amphibolips quercusostensackenii</i> Species of wasp

Amphibolips quercusostensackenii is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. It is found throughout eastern North America.

<i>Druon</i> (wasp) Genus of wasps

Druon is a genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. The type species is Druon protagion. Recognised species include:

<i>Druon ignotum</i> Species of wasp

Druon ignotum is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae.

<i>Burnettweldia</i> Genus of insects

Burnettweldia is a genus of oak gall wasps in the Nearctic.

<i>Feron gigas</i> Species of wasp

Feron gigas, also known as the saucer gall wasp, is a species of gall-forming wasp in the genus Feron. It induces galls on the leaves of scrub oaks, blue oaks, and Engelmann oaks. The galls produced by its all-female generation, which emerges in winter, are 3-4 mm wide, circular with raised edges. They are red, pink, brown, or purple. The larval chamber exists as a raised bump in the gall's center. The bisexual generation produces galls that are brown and cone-shaped.

<i>Burnettweldia plumbella</i> Species of insect

Burnettweldia plumbella, also known as the beaked twig gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp. Previously in the genus Disholcaspis, it was moved into a new genus, Burnettweldia, in 2021. This wasp induces galls on oak trees, including blue oak, leather oak, Muller's oak, and scrub oaks. The galls are up to 15 mm in diameter and brightly colored, coming in either red with yellow spots or green with yellow spots. Their name comes from the galls' pointed tip. Galls are formed in spring and summer, and adults emerge from them in November and December. The adult wasps are 3–4 mm in length.

<i>Feron pattersonae</i> Species of wasp

Feron pattersonae, also known as the plate gall wasp, is a species of oak gall wasp in the genus Feron. Their hosts are among the white oaks grouping of oaks, with blue oak being common.

<i>Kokkocynips</i> Genus of wasps

Kokkocynips is an American genus of gall wasps in the family Cynipidae. There are about 8 described species in the genus Kokkocynips with several others still undescribed.

<i>Acraspis guadaloupensis</i> North American gall-inducing wasp

Acraspis guadaloupensis is a relatively uncommon species of cynipid wasp that produces galls on intermediate oaks. The intermediate oak disc wasp was first described in 1911 and has been moved between genera more than once. Distribution is limited to California in North America. The flattened galls appear on leaves of Quercus chrysolepis, the canyon live oak.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 James A. Nicholls; George Melika; Scott C. Digweed; Graham N. Stone (1 June 2022). "Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)". Zootaxa . 5145: 1–79. doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5145.1.1. ISSN   1175-5334. Wikidata   Q113387522.
  2. 1 2 Lewis H. Weld (1959), Cynipid Galls of the Eastern United States, Ann Arbor, OCLC   4854623, Wikidata   Q100986199 {{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. Graham N Stone; Karsten Schonrogge; Rachel J Atkinson; David Bellido; Juli Pujade-Villar (1 January 2002). "The population biology of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)". Annual Review of Entomology . 47: 633–668. doi:10.1146/ANNUREV.ENTO.47.091201.145247. ISSN   0066-4170. PMID   11729087. Wikidata   Q34453785.
  4. George Melika; Warren Abrahamson (2002). Review of the World Genera of Oak Cynipid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). pp. 150–190. ISBN   978-963-502-765-1. Wikidata   Q102114229.{{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  5. "Acraspis macrocarpae Bassett". GBIF.
  6. "Acraspis macrocarpae Bassett, 1890". Discover Life.
  7. Weld, Lewis H. (January 2002). "Gall-inhabiting Cynipid Wasps". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. United States National Museum. 68: 58.
  8. Felt, Ephraim Porter (1940). Plant Galls and Gall Makers. Comstock Publishing Company, Inc., Ithaca NY via HathiTrust Digital Library.
  9. "Species Acraspis macrocarpae - Jewel Oak Gall Wasp". BugGuide.net.