Acronychia octandra

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Doughwood
Acronychia octandra.jpg
Acronychia octandra in Mount Coot-tha Botanic Gardens
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Rutaceae
Genus: Acronychia
Species:
A. octandra
Binomial name
Acronychia octandra
Synonyms [1]
  • Euodia octandraF.Muell.
  • Melicope australasicaF.Muell. nom. inval., pro syn.
  • Melicope australasicaF.Muell. ex Benth. nom. illeg.
  • Melicope octandra(F.Muell.) Druce
Immature fruit Acronychia octandra39106883760 75d62493bf o.jpg
Immature fruit

Acronychia octandra, commonly known as doughwood, silver birch or soapwood, [2] is a species of rainforest tree that is endemic to eastern coastal areas of Australia. It has mostly trifoliate leaves with elliptic to egg-shaped leaflets, greenish-white flowers arranged in groups in leaf axils and fleshy fruit of four carpels fused at the base.

Contents

Description

Acronychia octandra is a tree that typically grows to a height of 27 m (89 ft). The leaves are mostly trifoliate, the leaflets narrow elliptical to narrow egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 80–220 mm (3.1–8.7 in) long and 20–80 mm (0.79–3.15 in) wide, the petiole 20–80 mm (0.79–3.15 in) long but the petiolule of the leaflets is more or less absent. The flowers are arranged in panicles 5–24 mm (0.20–0.94 in) long, the individual flowers on a pedicel 3–6 mm (0.12–0.24 in) long. The four sepals are 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) wide, the four petals greenish-white and 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long and the eight stamens alternate in length. Flowering occurs from December to April and the fruit is a fleshy drupe of four carpels fused at the base, each carpel oval to elliptical in outline, 3–3.5 mm (0.12–0.14 in) long. [2] [3]

Taxonomy

Doughwood was first formally described in 1860 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name Euodia octandra and published the description in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae from specimens collected near the Clarence River by Hermann Beckler. [4] [5] In 1991 Thomas Gordon Hartley changed the name to Acronychia octandra in Australian Systematic Botany . [6] The specific epithet octandra refers to the eight stamens in the flower.

Distribution and habitat

Acronychia octandra grows in subtropical and warm-temperate and from sea level to an altitude of 900 m (3,000 ft) from the McPherson Range in south-east Queensland south to near the Clarence River in New South Wales. [2] [3]

Use in horticulture

Germination from fresh seeds can occur rapidly, as early as 11 days. However, some seeds may germinate five months after sowing. [7]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Melicope elleryana</i> Species of shrub

Melicope elleryana, commonly known as pink flowered doughwood, pink evodia, corkwood, or saruwa, is a species of rainforest shrub or tree in the family Rutaceae, and is native to New Guinea, parts of eastern Indonesia, the Solomon Islands and northern Australia. It has trifoliate leaves and pink to white, bisexual flowers arranged in panicles in leaf axils.

<i>Acradenia euodiiformis</i> Species of tree

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<i>Acronychia pubescens</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Acronychia suberosa</i> Species of tree

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<i>Melicope polybotrya</i> Species of shrub

Melicope polybotrya is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to Lord Howe Island. It has trifoliate leaves and green flowers borne in short panicles in leaf axils.

<i>Melicope bonwickii</i> Species of tree

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<i>Acronychia acronychioides</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Acronychia chooreechillum</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Acronychia imperforata</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Acronychia vestita</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Bouchardatia neurococca</i> Species of flowering plant

Bouchardatia neurococca, commonly known as union nut, is a species of small rainforest tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves with three or five narrow elliptical leaflets, white flowers arranged in panicles, and oval follicles.

<i>Dinosperma</i> Genus of flowering plants

Dinosperma is a genus of plant containing the single species Dinosperma erythrococcum, commonly known as tingletongue, clubwood or nutmeg, and is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It is a tree usually with trifoliate leaves arranged in opposite pairs, the leaflets lance-shaped to oblong, and panicles of small white flowers, later bright orange to red, slightly fleshy follicles containing shiny, bluish black seeds.

<i>Flindersia bourjotiana</i> Species of tree

Flindersia bourjotiana, commonly known as Queensland silver ash, northern silver ash, or white ash, is a species of tree that is endemic to Queensland. It has pinnate leaves arranged in opposite pairs and with between four and eight narrow egg-shaped to elliptic leaflets, greenish white flowers arranged in panicles, and fruit studded with short, rough points.

<i>Medicosma fareana</i> Species of tree

Medicosma fareana, commonly known as white aspen, is a species of rainforest small tree in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to north Queensland. It has elliptical leaves and white or cream-coloured flowers borne singly or in small groups in leaf axils.

<i>Melicope vitiflora</i> Species of tree

Melicope vitiflora, commonly known as northern evodia, fishpoison wood, leatherjacket or leatherwood, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to north-eastern Australia and New Guinea. It has trifoliate leaves and green to white or cream-coloured flowers borne in panicles in leaf axils.

<i>Melicope xanthoxyloides</i> Species of tree

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References

  1. 1 2 "Acronychia octandra". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 Hartley, Thomas G. (2013). Wilson, Annette J.G. (ed.). Flora of Australia. 26. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study. pp. 106–108. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  3. 1 2 Richards, P.G.; Harden, Gwen J. "Acronychia octandra". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  4. "Euodia octandra". APNI. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  5. von Mueller, Ferdinand (1860). Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae. Melbourne: Victorian Government Printer. pp. 102–103. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  6. "Acronychia octandra". APNI. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  7. Floyd, A. G. (2008). Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia (2nd, Revised ed.). Lismore, New South Wales: Terania Rainforest Publishing. p. 347. ISBN   978-0-958943-67-3 . Retrieved 2010-09-07.