Actinoptilum

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Actinoptilum molle
Actinoptilum molle at Windmill BeachPA111765.JPG
Purple sea pen Actinoptilum molle off Windmill Beach in False Bay
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Anthozoa
Order: Pennatulacea
Family: Echinoptilidae
Genus: Actinoptilum
Kükenthal, 1911
Species:
A. molle
Binomial name
Actinoptilum molle
(Kükenthal, 1902)

Actinoptilum is a genus of sea pen in the family Echinoptilidae. It is monotypic with a single species, Actinoptilum molle, commonly known as the radial sea pen or purple sea pen, which is found off the coasts of South Africa. [1]

Contents

Description

Colonies range in length up to at least 240mm, with a symmetrical slightly tapering round-tipped cylindrical rachis and a tapering peduncle of between one fifth and one third of the total length of the colony. The rachis is covered all round with dimorphic polyps, radially arranged with respect to the longitudinal axis. Siphonozoids are packed between the bases of the retractile autozooids, which have inconspicuous non-retractile bifurcated calyces. Colour is variable and permanent; individual colonies may be entirely reddish brown, pink or mauve, yellow, white or cream, or the rachis may be purple to reddish purple, with a yellow, white, pink or brownish peduncle. [2] Metallic sheen when polyps retracted. [1]

Distribution and habitat

High population density Purple sea pen near Windmill Beach DSC09605.JPG
High population density

Probably southern African endemic. Range from Cape Columbine on the west coast of South Africa to Inhaca Island in Mozambique. Depth range from 12m to 333m. Reported from 200 to 333m off north eastern Madagascar. One of the most common pennatulaceans in South African coastal waters. Generally found in sand or silt bottoms, sometimes in sandy areas on rock substrate. Population density may be as high as 4 to 5 colonies per square metre. [2]

Behaviour and ecology

Pierre's armina feeding on an uprooted A. molle, Windmill beach offshore reef Pierre's armina feeding on purple sea pen DSC09784.jpg
Pierre's armina feeding on an uprooted A. molle, Windmill beach offshore reef
Purple sea pen deeply buried in sand Purple sea pen deeply buried DSC09681.JPG
Purple sea pen deeply buried in sand

Predated on by Pierre's armina. The short peduncle is easily uprooted [1] and specimens may be found lying loose on the sand after rough weather. They are also sometimes found almost entirely buried in the sand. It may exhibit bioluminescence when agitated. [2]


Related Research Articles

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Sea pens are colonial marine cnidarians belonging to the order Pennatulacea. There are 14 families within the order; 35 extant genera, and it is estimated that of 450 described species, around 200 are valid. Sea pens have a cosmopolitan distribution, being found in tropical and temperate waters worldwide, as well as from the intertidal to depths of more than 6100 m. Sea pens are grouped with the octocorals, together with sea whips (gorgonians).

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Clearfin lionfish Species of fish

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Seashore wildlife

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Pierres armina Species of gastropod

Pierre's armina, scientific name Armina sp., is a species of sea slug, a nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Arminidae. This species was undescribed by science as of November 2009.

<i>Phenacovolva rosea</i> Species of gastropod

Phenacovolva rosea, also known as the rosy spindle cowry, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries. It lives and feeds on fan, whip and bush-type gorgonians.

Blennophis anguillaris, the snaky klipfish, is a species of clinid found in the subtropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean around South Africa. It can be found in the subtidal zone and also is a denizen of tidepools. This species can reach a maximum length of 30 centimetres (12 in) TL.

<i>Clinus agilis</i> Species of fish

Clinus agilis, the agile klipfish, is a species of clinid found in subtropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean from Namibia to South Africa where it is commonly found in estuaries and tide pools. This species can reach a maximum length of 10 centimetres (3.9 in).

<i>Clinus venustris</i> Species of fish in the family Clinidae, the Speckled klipfish

Clinus venustris, the speckled klipfish, is a species of clinid that occurs in subtropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean from Namibia to South Africa where it is found in the subtidal zone as well as being a denizen of tide pools. This species can reach a maximum length of 12 centimetres (4.7 in) TL. and feeds primarily on amphipods, isopods, mysids, and echinoderms.

Purple soft coral Species of coral

The purple soft coral is a species of colonial soft coral in the family Alcyoniidae.

Variable soft coral Species of coral

The variable soft coral is a species of colonial soft coral in the family Alcyoniidae.

Echinoptilidae Family of corals

Echinoptilidae is a family of sea pens, a member of the subclass Octocorallia in the phylum Cnidaria.

<i>Lobophyllia hemprichii</i> Species of coral

Lobophyllia hemprichii, commonly called lobed brain coral, lobed cactus coral or largebrain root coral, is a species of large polyp stony coral in the family Lobophylliidae. It is found in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. In its specific name Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg honoured his late partner the Prussian naturalist Wilhelm Hemprich; they were among the first to study the marine life of the Red Sea.

Feathery sea pen Species of coral

The feathery sea pen is a species of sea pen in the family Virgulariidae.

<i>Leptogorgia sarmentosa</i> Species of coral

Leptogorgia sarmentosa is a species of colonial soft coral, a sea fan in the family Gorgoniidae. It is native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the western Mediterranean Sea, with a single find in the eastern Mediterranean.

<i>Alcyonium coralloides</i> Species of coral

Alcyonium coralloides, commonly known as false coral, is a colonial species of soft coral in the family Alcyoniidae. It is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. In the former location it generally grows as sheets or small lobes but in the latter it is parasitic and overgrows sea fans.

Pseudoplexaura porosa, commonly known as the porous sea rod or the porous false plexaura, is a species of gorgonian-type colonial octocoral in the family Plexauridae. It is native to the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.

<i>Ptilosarcus gurneyi</i> Species of coral

Ptilosarcus gurneyi, the orange sea pen or fleshy sea pen, is a species of sea pen in the family Pennatulidae. It is native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean where it lives in deep water anchored by its base in sand or mud. It has received its common name because of its resemblance to a quill in a bottle of ink.

<i>Seriatopora hystrix</i> Species of coral

Seriatopora hystrix is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Pocilloporidae. It forms a branching clump and is commonly known as thin birdsnest coral. It grows in shallow water on fore-reef slopes or in sheltered lagoons, the type locality being the Red Sea. It is native to East Africa, the Red Sea and the western Indo-Pacific region. It is a common species and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".

The slender sea pen is a species of sea pen in the family Virgulariidae, occurring throughout the Mediterranean and Western Europe, with some colonies being found on islands in the Mid-Atlantic.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Jones, Georgina. A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula. SURG, Cape Town, 2008. ISBN   978-0-620-41639-9
  2. 1 2 3 The Pennatulacea of Southern Africa (Coelentrata, Anthozoa), Annals of the South African Museum Volume 99 May 1990 part 4, Cape Town. ISBN   0 86813 109 1