| Adelphomyces | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Graphidales |
| Family: | Gomphillaceae |
| Genus: | Adelphomyces Xavier-Leite, M.Cáceres & Lücking (2023) |
| Type species | |
| Adelphomyces epithallinus (Lücking) Xavier-Leite, M.Cáceres & Lücking (2023) | |
| Species | |
Adelphomyces is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi in the family Gomphillaceae. [1] [2] It comprises three species.
The genus was established by Amanda Xavier-Leite, Marcela Cáceres, and Robert Lücking to accommodate some species previously classified under Gyalideopsis , based on both molecular phylogenetics evidence and cladistic analyses, which demonstrated that Gyalideopsis as traditionally defined was polyphyletic. The name Adelphomyces refers to its parasitic nature, specifically growing on lichens of the same family (adelphoparasitism). These species are primarily found growing on other lichens, with two species parasitising members of Gomphillaceae and one species growing on Pilocarpaceae. [3]
The genus can be identified by several key features of its reproductive structures. It produces small, cup-shaped spore-producing bodies (apothecia) that grow directly on the surface without stalks ( sessile ) and have a distinctive rim around the edge. The spores themselves are tiny and are divided into 2–4 cells by internal partitions (septa). Some species in the genus also produce specialised structures called hyphophores , which are black and bristle-like, with tips that widen out either into a beak-like or paddle-like shape. Another distinctive feature is their string-like fungal threads (diahyphae), which look like chains of small beads or droplets connected together. [3]
The Gomphillaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Graphidales. Species in this family are found mostly in tropical regions. The family underwent a major molecular phylogenetics-led reorganisation in 2023, in which 17 genera were recognised and formally established as new or reinstated.
Stirtonia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Arthoniaceae. It contains 22 species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichens found primarily in tropical regions. The genus was circumscribed by the British lichenologist Annie Lorrain Smith in 1926, with Stirtonia obvallata assigned as the type species. The species epithet honours the Scottish lichenologist James Stirton.
Mazosia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Roccellaceae.
Ferraroa is a single-species genus in the family Gomphillaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Ferraroa hyalina, a foliicolous (leaf-dwelling) lichen. This species was originally described by Robert Lücking in 1997 as Gyalideopsis hyalina. The type specimen was collected from leaves of Inga oerstediana in Costa Rica. Lücking, Emmanuël Sérusiaux, and Antonín Vězda transferred the taxon to the newly circumscribed genus Ferraroa in 2005 after molecular phylogenetic analysis showed it to belong to a unique lineage. The generic name Ferraroa honours Argentinian lichenologist Lidia Itatí Ferraro, "for her many contributions to lichenology in southern South America, and to our knowledge of Gomphillaceae".
André Aptroot is a Dutch mycologist and lichenologist. His primary research focus is on biodiversity, particularly tropical lichens, encompassing systematics, floristic surveys, and taxonomic reviews. A prolific researcher, he has published more than 500 scientific papers and described hundreds of new fungal and lichen species.
Antonín (Toni) Vězda was a Czech lichenologist. After completing a university education that was postponed by World War II, Vězda taught botany at the Czech University of Life Sciences. In 1958, he was dismissed from his university position as a result of the restrictions placed on academic freedoms by the communist regime in power. He eventually was hired as a lichen researcher by the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, who allowed him to work from his apartment, which served also as an office and herbarium.
Taitaia is a single-species fungal genus in the family Gomphillaceae. It was circumscribed in 2018 to contain the species Taitaia aurea, a lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus. This species is characterized by aggregated ascomata with yellow margins, and salmon-red discs that originate from a single base. It is known only from a few sites in Kenya's tropical lower-mountain forests, where it grows on thalli of the lichen Crocodia.
Strigulaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi, one of two families in the order Strigulales. Recent (2020) molecular analysis of the type genus, Strigula, has led to a reallocation of the foliicolous species into six genera that correspond to well-delimited clades with diagnostic phenotype features.
Serusiauxiella is a genus of leaf-dwelling lichens in the family Strigulaceae. It has three species, all of which are found in wet tropical forests in China. The genus was circumscribed in 2020 by Shu-Hua Jiang, Robert Lücking, and Jiang-Chu Wei, with Serusiauxiella filifera assigned as the type species. The genus name honours Belgian lichenologist Emmanuël Sérusiaux, "in recognition of his important contributions to lichenology, foliicolous lichens and the genus Strigula".
Dictyomeridium is a genus of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens in the family Trypetheliaceae. It has eight species.
Graphidales is an order of lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 6 families, about 81 genera and about 2,228 species. Family Graphidaceae are the largest crustose family within Graphidales order comprising more than 2000 species, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Clandestinotrema is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has 18 species. They typically inhabit montane and cloud forest at higher elevations in the tropics.
Gyalideopsis aptrootii is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Gomphillaceae. Found in southern Brazil, it was described as a new species in 2018. Defining features of this lichen include the unique crescent-shaped structure of its hyphophores, the single-spored asci, and the relatively small size of the ascospores.
Nitidochapsa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae. It has five species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens.
Mangoldia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Graphidoideae of the family Graphidaceae. It contains four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichens.
Aptrootidea is a genus of fungi in the family Gomphillaceae. It has six species of leaf-dwelling (foliicolous) lichens.
Aulaxinella is a genus of fungi in the family Gomphillaceae. It comprises three species that primarily grow on living leaves (foliicolous), though rarely some species can be found on tree bark (corticolous).
Batistomyces is a small genus of fungi in the family Gomphillaceae. It has two species of leaf-dwelling (foliicolous) lichens. These microlichens form very thin layers on the surface of leaves, appearing to the naked eye as small, fuzzy dark patches due to their numerous short black bristles.
Bezerroplaca is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Gomphillaceae. It has five species of tropical lichens that grow on living leaves.
Vezdamyces is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Gomphillaceae. It comprises two species of leaf-dwelling lichens that grow in tropical forests.