Admiral Adhar Kumar Chatterji (4 March 1914 – 6 August 2001) was an Admiral in the Indian Navy. He served as the 5th Chief of the Naval Staff,from 4 March 1966,until 28 February 1970. He was the first Indian officer of the navy to hold the rank of full Admiral. He is credited with the transformation of the Indian Navy. He made sweeping changes and restructured the navy,creating the Western and Eastern Naval Commands and the Western Fleet. Under him,the Indian Navy also entered the submarine age,with the commissioning of INS Kalvari (S23) in 1967.
Chatterji was born in Dacca on 22 November 1914. He attended the Presidency College (as a graduating student of the University of Calcutta),graduating in 1933. [1] The same year he saw a notice at the college about the relaxation of entry criteria for the Royal Indian Marine. He applied for and topped the Federal Public Service examination. [2] [3]
Chatterji was one of the first Indian cadet-entry officers to join the Royal Indian Navy in 1933. After training on board the Indian Mercantile Marine Training Ship (IMMTS) Dufferin ,he was sent to the United Kingdom. He was commissioned into the Royal Indian Navy as a sub-lieutenant on 1 September 1935. He spent four years training on different ships. On 1 September 1938,he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant. [4] [5] In 1939,he was selected to specialise in anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and trained in the UK. He completed the course in August 1940 and was appointed an instructor at the ASW training school - HMS Osprey,Portland. [3]
In late 1940,he was transferred to the Black Swan-class sloop HMIS Sutlej (U95). [6] On 1 January 1942,he was appointed the first officer-in-charge of the ASW school in India - at castle barracks. [7] [3] He also served on board the Black Swan-class sloop HMIS Jumna (U21). [8] On 23 October 1944,he was promoted to the acting rank of lieutenant-commander and appointed commanding officer of the Bangor-class minesweeper HMIS Kathiawar (J155). [9] Kathiawar was a part of the Eastern Fleet,and escorted numerous convoys between Africa,British India and Australia in 1943-45. [10] [11] [12] He then was appointed officer-in-charge of the radar school HMIS Chamak in Karachi. [3] He was promoted to substantive lieutenant-commander on 1 September 1946. [13] In January 1947,he was selected to attend the Royal Naval College,Greenwich in the UK. [3]
Chatterji completed the staff course and returned to India in August 1947. He was hand-picked by the handpicked by the Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief,Royal Indian Navy Commodore Martin Henry St. Leger Nott to head the Plans directorate as the Director of Naval Planning at Naval HQ in the rank of Commander. Among the officers serving under him in the directorate was Lieutenant Commander Nilakanta Krishnan. [14] During this stint,he was the lead author of the Plan paper of 1948. [3] In February 1949,he was appointed Commander (Executive Officer) of the flagship INS Delhi (C74) and replaced Commander Ram Dass Katari. [15] In June 1950,he was promoted to the acting rank of Captain and appointed commanding officer of the Delhi. He was the first Indian officer to command the ship. He relinquished command,handing over to Captain S. G. Karmarkar in October 1950. [3]
In November 1950,Chatterji was appointed the Naval Adviser (NA) to the High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom. He served as the NA to High Commissioners V. K. Krishna Menon and B. G. Kher. He oversaw the training of hundreds naval cadets and junior officers in the UK. He was promoted to the substantive rank of captain on 30 June 1951. [16] In December 1952,he was appointed Captain (D) 11th Destroyer Flotilla as well as the Commanding Officer of the lead destroyer of the squadron INS Rajput (D141). [17] But the orders were cancelled and he took command of the Delhi for the second time in January 1953. [18] In mid-1953,to commemorate the Coronation of Elizabeth II,a massive Coronation review of the fleet was held at Portsmouth. The flagship INS Delhi,commanded by Chatterji,destroyer INS Ranjit,commanded by Commander Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda,and the frigate INS Tir (K256),commanded by Commander Nilakanta Krishnan,represented India at the review. A naval armada consisting of ships from the Indian Navy,Royal Navy,Royal Australian Navy and the Royal New Zealand Navy sailed from Portsmouth to Gibraltar. The fleet carried out exercises along the way and was under the command of Lord Mountbatten. [15] [19]
In November 1954,Chatterji was promoted to the acting rank of Commodore. This made him the fourth Indian naval officer to be promoted to this rank,after Ajitendu Chakraverti,Ram Dass Katari and Bhaskar Sadashiv Soman. [20] He was appointed the Commodore-in-Charge Bombay (COMBAY),taking over from Chakraverti. The Bombay Command was the predecessor of the Western Naval Command. He held this appointment for two years,till November 1956. In October 1956,Chatterji was selected to attend the Imperial Defence College (IDC) and embarked for the UK in early 1957. [21] After completing the year-long course,he returned to India and was appointed the Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff on 8 February 1958. [22] [23]
On 5 March 1959,the appointment was upgraded to two-star rank and Chatterji was promoted to the acting rank of Rear Admiral. [24] Promotion to the substantive rank of Rear Admiral followed,on 5 March 1960. [25]
In May 1962,Chatterji took over as the fourth Flag Officer Commanding Indian Fleet. [26] The aircraft carrier INS Vikrant had joined the Indian Navy in 1961 and was the flagship. AS commanding officer,Chatterji flew his flag on the Vikrant. In September 1962,he led the fleet in joint naval-air exercises in the Arabian Sea. Taking part were the aircraft embarked on the Vikrant,the aircraft from the Naval air station INS Garuda and the aircraft of the Indian Air Force. [27] In mid-1963,Chatterji led the fleet in exercises in the Arabian Sea,Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal. After this,the fleet called on ports in Malaya,Singapore and Thailand. During the exercise and goodwill visit,Chatterji flew his flag on the flagship INS Mysore (C60),which became the first Indian cruiser to visit Thailand. [28] [29] [30] After commanding the Indian fleet for about two years,he relinquished command,handing over to Rear Admiral S.M. Nanda. [31] In January 1964,Chatterji was promoted to the acting rank of Vice Admiral and appointed the second Commandant of the National Defence College. He was the first Naval Officer to hold the appointment. [32]
In November 1965,Chatterji was appointed the seventh Chief of the Naval Staff. On 4 March 1966,he took over from Vice Admiral Soman. [33] [34] He was confirmed in his rank of vice-admiral on 22 November 1966, [35] and was promoted to the rank of Admiral on 1 March 1968,the first Indian officer to hold the rank. [36]
Admiral Chatterji retired from the Indian Navy on 28 February 1970. [28]
Admiral Laxminarayan Ramdas, PVSM, AVSM, VrC, VSM, ADC was an Indian naval officer who was a flag officer of the Indian Navy. Ramdas first served in the Indian Navy in 1953, before being promoted as a flag lieutenant to Ram Dass Katari, the first Indian Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral. In the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, he was involved in a naval blockade of East Pakistan, hindering attempts to evacuate 93,000 troops and leading to East Pakistan's surrender. During his service in the military confrontation, he was awarded the Vir Chakra. Ramdas later served as the 13th Chief of Naval Staff from 1990 to 1993.
Admiral Sardarilal Mathradas "Charles" Nanda, PVSM, AVSM was an Indian Navy admiral who served as the 6th Chief of the Naval Staff from 1 March 1970 until 28 February 1973. He led the Indian Navy during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and successfully executed a naval blockade of both West and East Pakistan, helping India achieve an overwhelming victory during the war. For the important role he played in the war, the Government of India awarded him the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian award. Nanda is recognised as one of the most notable commanders in the history of the Indian Navy.
Admiral Arun Prakash, PVSM, AVSM, VrC, VSM is a former Flag Officer of the Indian Navy. He served as the Chief of the Naval Staff from 31 July 2004 to 31 October 2006 and as the Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee from 31 January 2005 to 31 October 2006. He is one of India's most decorated naval officers.
Admiral Ram Dass Katari was an Indian Navy Admiral who served as the 3rd Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) from 22 April 1958 to 4 June 1962. He was the first Indian to hold the office and succeeded the last British officer to the post, Vice Admiral Sir Stephen Hope Carlill.
The Western Naval Command is one of the three command–level formations of the Indian Navy. It is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. As the senior–most of the three formations, the command is responsible for the all naval forces in the Arabian Sea and western parts of the Indian Ocean and the naval establishments on the west coast of India.
Admiral Ronald Lynsdale 'Ronnie' Pereira, PVSM, AVSM was a flag officer in the Indian Navy. He served as the ninth Chief of Naval Staff from 1979 to 1982. He is considered to be one of the architects of the modern Indian Navy.
Admiral Jal Cursetji, PVSM was a former Flag Officer in the Indian Navy. He served as the 8th Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) from 1 March 1976 until 28 February 1979. He was the first hydrographer to serve as the CNS.
Vice Admiral Nilakanta Krishnan, PVSM, DSC, was a former flag officer in the Indian Navy. He was the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War.
Vice Admiral Benjamin Abraham 'Chippy' Samson, PVSM was an Indian Navy Admiral who served as the Flag Officer Commanding Indian Fleet from 8 January 1964 to 31 May 1966. He was the first Naval Officer to serve as the Commandant of the National Defence Academy. His daughter is the famous Bharatanatyam dancer, Leela Samson.
Vice Admiral Sree Harilal Sarma, PVSM was an Indian Navy admiral who served as Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet (FOCEF) during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. He later served as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command from 1 March 1977 to 2 February 1978.
Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet (FOCEF) is the title of the Indian Navy Officer who commands the Eastern Fleet, headquartered in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. The FOCEF is a Two Star Officer holding the rank of Rear Admiral. The current FOCEF is Rear Admiral Susheel Menon, who assumed office on 21 August 2024.
Rear Admiral Ajitendu Chakraverti was a Flag Officer in the Indian Navy. He served as the second Indian Flag Officer Commanding Indian Fleet, succeeding Rear Admiral Ram Dass Katari. He was the first Indian to be promoted to the high rank of Commodore in the Royal Indian Navy.
Vice Admiral Vasudeva Anant Kamath, PVSM (1921–2017) was a former Flag officer in the Indian Navy. He was the founding Director General of the Indian Coast Guard, which he led from 1978 to 1980. He also served as the 4th Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (VCNS) from 1973 to 1977, the longest tenure in the Indian Navy's history. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, he led the Southern Naval Area, for which he was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal.
Vice Admiral Elenjikal Chandy Kuruvila, PVSM, AVSM was a former Flag officer in the Indian Navy. He was the Fleet commander of the Western Fleet during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, for which he was awarded the Param Vishisht Seva Medal. He later led the Southern Naval Area and then served as the chairman and managing director of Mazagon Dock Limited.
Rear Admiral Pritam Singh 'Peter' Mahindroo, PVSM (1917–1999) was a Flag Officer in the Indian Navy. He was the first Sikh Admiral in the Indian Navy. He was the commissioning Commanding Officer of the Indian Navy's first aircraft carrier INS Vikrant. He later served as the Chief of Materiel and as the Director General Naval Dockyard Expansion Scheme before retiring in 1972.
Vice Admiral Melville Raymond Schunker, PVSM, AVSM was a flag officer in the Indian Navy. He served as the third Director General of the Indian Coast Guard, which he lеd from 1982 to 1984. He also served as the 6th Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (VCNS) from 1980 to 1982. He was the commissioning commаnding officer of the Indian Navy's only submarine tender ship INS Amba (A54).
Rear Admiral Sadashiv Ganesh Karmarkar, was a flag officer in the Indian Navy. He was the first Indian officer to command a ship of the Royal Indian Navy. During World War II, he commanded the auxiliary patrol vessel HMIS Ratnagiri, for which he was awarded the Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE). He later became the first Indian to command British officers, when he commanded the sloop HMIS Kistna. He last served as the Flag Officer Bombay, from 1960 to 1964, before retiring.
Rear Admiral Kesavapillai Ramakrishnan "Jerry" Nair PVSM (1915–2007) was a former Flag officer in the Indian Navy who served as the first Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command.
Vice Admiral Mihir Kumar 'Micky' Roy, PVSM, AVSM was a flag officer in the Indian Navy. He last served as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Naval Command.
Commodore Martin Henry St. Leger Nott, DSO, OBE was an Officer in the Royal Indian Navy. He was the first Chief of Staff to the Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Navy after the Independence of India. He died in a plane crash with his family at Mont Cardo, near Corsica, France, at the age of 43.