Chief of the Naval Staff (India)

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Chief of the Naval Staff
Admiral ensign of Indian Navy.svg
Admiral DK Tripathi.jpg
since 30 April 2024
Naval Ensign of India.svg  Indian Navy
StatusProfessional head of naval branch of the Indian Armed Forces.
AbbreviationCNS
Member of National Security Council
Defence Planning Committee
Defence Acquisition Council
Reports to Flag of India.svg President of India
Flag of India.svg Prime Minister of India
Flag of India.svg Minister of Defence
Flag of Chief of Defence Staff (India).svg Chief of Defence Staff
Seat Integrated HQ of MoD (Navy), South Block, Central Secretariat, New Delhi
Appointer Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC)
President of India
Term length 3 years or at the age of 62, whichever is earlier.
Constituting instrument Navy Act, 1957 (Act No. 62 of 1957)
PrecursorChief of the Naval Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Indian Navy
Formation26 January 1950;74 years ago (1950-01-26)
First holder Vice-Admiral Edward Parry
DeputyVice Admiral ensign of Indian Navy.svg Vice Chief of the Naval Staff
Salary250,000 (US$3,000) monthly [1] [2]

The Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) is a statutory office held by the professional head of the Indian Navy (IN), the naval branch of the Indian Armed Forces. [3] Customarily held by a four-star admiral, the CNS is the senior-most operational officer of the IN, tasked with the roles of overseeing the force's overall functioning during states of peace and conflict, along with the realization of India's strategic maritime objectives, namely, the defence of the country's sovereignty against maritime threats and the security of international sea lines in the Indo-Pacific. [4]

Contents

Being a permanent member of the Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC) and the National Security Council (NSC), the CNS also bears the responsibility of advising the nation's civilian leadership i.e., the Government of India on all matters privy to the IN. [5]

Statutorily, the CNS ranks 12th-overall in the Indian order of precedence, and is the IN's status-equivalent of the Chief of Defence Staff, the Chief of the Army Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff - all three positions of which are also occupied by four-star officers from the armed forces. [6]

Description

The South Block, Central Secretariat, New Delhi - the station of the IHQ of MoD (Navy), where the CNS is seated. Secretariat Building South Block.jpg
The South Block, Central Secretariat, New Delhi - the station of the IHQ of MoD (Navy), where the CNS is seated.

Roles and responsibilities

Seated at Integrated Headquarters of Ministry of Defence (Navy) (IHQ of MoD (Navy)), stationed in New Delhi, the CNS is the senior-most operational officer of the IN, and is tasked with the following:

In addition to these responsibilities, the CAS is also a permanent member of:

The office's eminence in the aforementioned groups thus grants the appointee with the role to advise the Minister of Defence (Raksha Mantri or RM) on the affairs related to the IN's functioning and the promotion of an comprehensive integrated planning policy with respect to the affairs of tri-service integration, doctrinal strategy, capability development, defence acquisition and infrastructure. [11] [12]

Structure

As the professional head of the force, the CNS is assisted by one subordinate officer and three principal staff officers, namely:

Promotion

Initially, beginning in the pre-independence era, until 1968, the office of CNS was held by a three-star vice admiral. [14] However, the office’s rank-specifications was raised to the four-star rank of admiral when then-CNS Vice Admiral Adhar Kumar Chatterji was promoted in March 1968; every CNS-appointee since then has been an admiral. [14]

The move to appoint a new designate to the position usually begins several months before the change-of-command, wherein the Ministry of Defence (MoD) reviews the résumés of the IN's senior-most vice admirals, which regularly includes the Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (VCNS), the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chiefs (FOC-in-C) of the force’s three combatant commands and the Commander-in-Chiefs (C-in-C) of India's two integrated military commands. [15]

Appointments to the position are made by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) - comprising the Prime Minister and the Minister of Defence, upon recommendation from IHQ of MoD (Navy), whereupon the designated appointee is subsequently promoted to the rank of admiral. [16]

Tenure

According to Part III of the IN's Regulations for the Navy, 1991 - a CNS-appointee reaches superannuation upon the completion of three years in the position or at the age of 62, whichever is earlier. [17] However, an appointee may also be dismissed from office by the President of India before the conclusion of the tenure under the Section 15(1) of the Navy Act, 1957 and Article 310 of the Constitution. [18] This provision was used by then-President K. R. Narayanan to dismiss then-CNS Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat from service in December 1998. [19]

Between 1950 and 1990, the senior-most vice admirals in the IN's command cadre have customarily been appointed as CNS, even under the event of an abrupt stoppage during the incumbent's tenure - by termination or resignation; however, this tradition has since been broken thrice: first in 1990, when then CNS-designate Vice Admiral Laxminarayan Ramdas superseded one senior officer, and again in 2014 and 2016, when then-Vice Admirals Robin K. Dhowan and Karambir Singh were appointed to the office superseding one senior officer, respectively. [20] [21] IAF

Additionally, a CNS-appointee is also eligible to be selected for the position of Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), in accordance with the Naval Ceremonial, Conditions of Service and Miscellaneous (Amendment) Regulations, 2022 - which prescribes that the designated nominee, in this case the CNS, must be under the age of 62 at the time of appointment as CDS; as of 2024, no CNS-appointee has ever been appointed as CDS. [22] [23] Although the office of CDS was originally created in 2019, the MoD had originally planned for it to be created in 2001 with then-CNS Admiral Sushil Kumar as its first appointee; however, the plan failed to materialize over interservice rivalry and Kumar never became the CDS. [24] [25]

History

Dominion-era (1947-1950)

Following independence and the subsequent partition of the subcontinent, the RIN was bifurcated into two new entities: the successor Royal Indian Navy (RIN) - responsible for the Dominion of India, and the newly-formed Royal Pakistan Navy (RPN) - responsible for the Dominion of Pakistan. At the time, the RIN's commanding officer was designated the Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Navy." [26] On 21 June 1948, the title of "Chief of the Naval Staff" was added, [27] On 21 June 1948, the officer was re-designated as Chief of the Naval Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Navy (CNS/C-in-C, RIN) - as a measure to reflect uniformity with the C-in-Cs of the post-independence Indian Army and the Royal Indian Air Force. [28]

Upon India's establishment as a republic on 26 January 1950, the RIN was rechristened as the Indian Navy (IN), dropping the Royal-prefix; subsequently, the position's designation was again modified to Chief of the Naval Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Indian Air Force (CNS/C-in-C, IN). [29]

Republic-era (1950-present)

In 1955, the designation of the office was shortened to simply to Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) through the Commanders-In-Chief (Change in Designation) Act, 1955; as a result of the Act, the tenure of the then-serving C-in-C - Admiral Sir Charles Thomas Mark Pizey, continued under the new designation. [30] Between 1950 and 1958, the office was officiated by flag officers seconded from the RN, which ceased with the appointment of Vice Admiral Ram Dass Katari in April 1958 - which thus made him the first Indian officer to be promoted to the rank, and subsequently, the first Indian-origin chief of the IN. [31] [32] [29] Ten years later, in March 1968, the rank-specifications for the office was raised to the rank of admiral, with the promotion of then-CNS Vice Admiral Adhar Kumar Chatterji. [14]

In December 1998, Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat, the then-incumbent CNS and Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee (Chairman COSC), was abruptly dismissed from office, which made him the only CNS-appointee - and the only-ever military chief in the Indian Armed Forces to be relieved from service to date. [33] [19]

Appointees

Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Navy (1947–1948)

No.PortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTime in officeRef.
1
John Talbot Savignac Hall.jpg
Hall, John Talbot SavignacRear Admiral
John Talbot Savignac Hall CIE
(1896–1964)
15 August 194720 June 1948310 days [34] [35]

Chief of the Naval Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Royal Indian Navy (1948–1950)

No.PortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTime in officeRef.
1
John Talbot Savignac Hall.jpg
Hall, John Talbot SavignacRear Admiral
John Talbot Savignac Hall CIE
(1896–1964)
21 June 194814 August 194854 days [34] [36]
2
Edward Parry of HMS Achilles.jpg
Parry, William EdwardVice Admiral
Sir William Edward Parry KCB
(1893–1972)
14 August 194825 January 19501 year, 164 days.

Chief of the Naval Staff and Commander-in-Chief, Indian Navy (1950–1955)

No.PortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTime in office
2
Edward Parry of HMS Achilles.jpg
Parry, William Edward Vice-Admiral
Sir William Edward Parry KCB [37]
(1893–1972)
26 January 195013 October 19511 year, 260 days
3
Mark Pizey (cropped).jpg
Pizey, Charles Thomas Mark Admiral
Sir Charles Thomas Mark Pizey KBE , CB , DSO & Bar
(1899–1993)
13 October 195131 March 19553 years, 169 days

Chief of the Naval Staff (1955–present)

No.PortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTime in office
1
Mark Pizey (cropped).jpg
Pizey, Charles Admiral
Sir Charles Thomas Mark Pizey KBE , CB , DSO & Bar
(1899–1993)
1 April 195521 July 1955111 days
2
No image.png
Carlill, Stephen Hope Vice-Admiral
Sir Stephen Hope Carlill KBE , CB , DSO & Bar
(1902–1996)
21 July 195521 April 19582 years, 274 days
3
No image.png
Katari, Ram Dass Vice-Admiral
Ram Dass Katari
(1911–1983)
22 April 19584 June 19624 years, 43 days
4
No image.png
Soman, Bhaskar Sadashiv Vice-Admiral
Bhaskar Sadashiv Soman
(1913–1995)
4 June 19623 March 19663 years, 272 days
5
Admiral AK Chatterji.jpg
Chatterji, Adhar Kumar Admiral
Adhar Kumar Chatterji
(1914–2001)
3 March 196628 February 19703 years, 362 days
6
Admiral SM Nanda.jpg
Nanda, Sardarilal Mathradas Admiral
Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda PVSM , AVSM
(1915–2009)
28 February 197028 February 19733 years
7
Adm SN Kohli.jpg
Kohli, Sourendra Nath Admiral
Sourendra Nath Kohli PVSM
(1916–1997)
1 March 197329 February 19762 years, 365 days
8
No image.png
Cursetji, Jal Admiral
Jal Cursetji PVSM
(1919–1991)
1 March 19761 March 19793 years
9
Ronald-lynsdale-pereira.jpg
Pereira, Ronald Lynsdale Admiral
Ronald Lynsdale Pereira PVSM , AVSM
(1923–1993)
1 March 197928 February 19822 years, 364 days
10
Admiral Oscar Stanley Dawson.png
Dawson, Oscar Stanley Admiral
Oscar Stanley Dawson PVSM , AVSM , ADC
(1923–2011)
1 March 198230 November 19842 years, 274 days
11
Admiral Radhakrishna Hariram Tahiliani.jpg
Tahiliani, Radhakrishna Hariram Admiral
Radhakrishna Hariram Tahiliani PVSM , AVSM
(1930–2015)
1 December 198430 November 19872 years, 364 days
12
Jayant Nadkarni.jpg
Nadkarni, Jayant Ganpat Admiral
Jayant Ganpat Nadkarni PVSM , AVSM , NM , VSM , ADC
(1931–2018)
1 December 198730 November 19902 years, 364 days
13
Ramdas l.jpg
Ramdas, Laxminarayan Admiral
Laxminarayan Ramdas PVSM , AVSM , VrC , VSM , ADC
(1933–2024)
1 December 199030 September 19932 years, 303 days
14
No image.png
Shekhawat, Vijai Singh Admiral
Vijai Singh Shekhawat PVSM , AVSM , VrC , ADC
(born 1937 [38] )
1 October 199330 September 19962 years, 365 days
15
No image.png
Bhagwat, Vishnu Admiral
Vishnu Bhagwat PVSM , AVSM , ADC
(born 1939 [39] )
1 October 199630 December 19982 years, 90 days
16
Admiral Sushil Kumar.jpg
Kumar, Sushil Admiral
Sushil Kumar PVSM , UYSM , AVSM , NM , ADC
(1940–2019 [40] )
30 December 199829 December 20012 years, 364 days
17
Admiral Madhvendra Singh.jpg
Singh, Madhvendra Admiral
Madhvendra Singh PVSM , AVSM , ADC
(born 1942 [41] )
29 December 200131 July 20042 years, 215 days
18
Arun Prakash.jpg
Prakash, Arun Admiral
Arun Prakash PVSM , AVSM , VrC , VSM , ADC
(born 1944)
31 July 200431 October 20062 years, 215 days
19
SureeshMehta (cropped).jpg
Mehta, Sureesh Admiral
Sureesh Mehta PVSM , AVSM , ADC
(born 1947)
31 October 200631 August 20092 years, 304 days
20
Admiral Verma.jpg
Verma, Nirmal Kumar Admiral
Nirmal Kumar Verma PVSM , AVSM
(born 1951)
31 August 200931 August 20123 years
21
DK Joshi official portrait.jpg
Joshi, Devendra Kumar Admiral
Devendra Kumar Joshi PVSM , AVSM , YSM , NM , VSM , ADC
(born 1954)
31 August 201226 February 20141 year, 179 days
CNS Adm. Robin K. Dhowan.jpg
Dhowan, Robin Vice Admiral
Robin K. Dhowan PVSM , AVSM , YSM , ADC
(born 1954)
Acting
26 February 201417 April 201450 days
22
CNS Adm. Robin K. Dhowan.jpg
Dhowan, Robin Admiral
Robin K. Dhowan PVSM , AVSM , YSM , ADC
(born 1954)
17 April 201431 May 20162 years, 44 days
23
Admiral Sunil Lanba, PVSM, AVSM, ADC, Chairman COSC and Chief of the Naval Staff, Indian Navy.jpg
Lanba, Sunil Admiral
Sunil Lanba PVSM , AVSM , ADC
(born 1957)
31 May 201631 May 20193 years
24
Admiral Karambir Singh, PVSM, AVSM, ADC.jpg
Admiral
Karambir Singh PVSM , AVSM , ADC
(born 1959)
[42]
31 May 201930 November 20212 years, 183 days
25
Adm R. Hari Kumar CNS.jpg
Admiral
R. Hari Kumar PVSM , AVSM , VSM , ADC
(born 1962)
[43]
30 November 202130 April 20242 years, 152 days
26
Admiral DK Tripathi.jpg
Admiral
Dinesh K Tripathi PVSM , AVSM , NM
(born 1964)
[44]
30 April 2024Incumbent138 days

See also

Other offices of the Indian Armed Forces

History

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