Northern Command (India)

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Northern Command
IA Northern Command.jpg
Insignia of Northern Command
Active1908–1947
1972 – present
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
BranchFlag of Indian Army.svg  Indian Army
Type Command
HQ Udhampur
Motto(s)Forever in operations
Commanders
GOC-in-C Lt Gen M. V. Suchindra Kumar
PVSM, AVSM, YSM **, VSM
Notable
commanders		 Lt Gen P. S. Bhagat
Gen S. Padmanabhan
Gen Deepak Kapoor
Lt Gen Upendra Dwivedi
Insignia
Flag Northern-Command-Indian Army-flag.svg

The Northern Command is a Command of the Indian Army. It was originally formed as the Northern Army of the British Indian Army in 1908. It was scrapped upon India's independence in 1947 and later re-raised in 1972. Currently, the XIV Corps (Leh), XV Corps (Srinagar), I Corps (Mathura) and XVI Corps (Nagrota) are under its control. Its present commander is Lieutenant General M. V. Suchindra Kumar.

Contents

History

The Presidency armies were abolished with effect from 1 April 1895 when the three Presidency armies became the Indian Army. [1] The Indian Army was divided into four Commands: Bengal Command, Bombay Command, Madras Command and Punjab Command, each under a lieutenant general. [1]

In 1908, the four commands were merged into two Armies: Northern Army and Southern Army. This system persisted until 1920 when the arrangement reverted to four commands again :- Eastern Command, Northern Command, Southern Command and Western Command. [1]

In 1937, Western Command was downgraded to become the Western Independent District. In April 1942, the Western Independent District was absorbed into the Northern Command which itself was re-designated as North Western Army to guard the borders at North West Frontier during World War II. It controlled the Kohat, Peshawar, Rawalpindi, Baluchistan and Waziristan Districts. [2] [3]

The formation reverted to the title Northern Command in November 1945. [4] In 1947, India moved towards partition, with Northern Command HQ at Rawalpindi becoming the Army HQ of the newly formed Pakistan Army (as GHQ, Pakistan), with the rest of commands passing to the Indian Army. [5]

In 1972, the Government of India decided to raise a separate command to oversee operations in the northern borders with Pakistan and China. Lt. Gen. P. S. Bhagat was appointed as its GOC-in-C in June 1972. Bhagat's main activities as Army Commander were the improvement of defence and the living and working condition of his troops. [6] Headquarters for the command was established at Udhampur, J&K. [7]

The XIV Corps (Leh), XV Corps (Srinagar) and XVI Corps (Nagrota) control the operational units in Northern Command. 71 Independent Sub Area is part of the Command. In 2001–02, during Operation Parakram the III Corps and its 57th Mountain Division were temporarily shifted into the command as a reserve. [7]

Dhruva War Memorial, Udhampur Dhruva War Memorial.jpg
Dhruva War Memorial, Udhampur

Structure

Currently, the Northern Commands has been assigned operational units under four corps: XIV Corps, I Corps, XV Corps and XVI Corps.

In 2021, the Strike One Corps was re-organised to join the Northern Command to assist at the Ladakh border with China. [8] [9]

Structure of Northern Command
CorpsCorps HQGOC of Corps

(Corps Commander)

Assigned UnitsUnit HQ
In^14corps.gif XIV Corps

(Fire and Fury Corps)

 Leh, Ladakh Lt Gen Rashim Bali3 Infantry Division Karu, Ladakh
8 Mountain Division Dras, Ladakh
254 (Independent) Armoured Brigade Leh, Ladakh
102 (Independent) Infantry Brigade Partapur, Ladakh
118 (Independent) Infantry Brigade Nyoma, Ladakh
XV Corps

(Chinar Corps)

 Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir Lt Gen Rajiv Ghai 19 Mountain Division Baramulla, Jammu & Kashmir
28 Infantry Division Gurez, Jammu & Kashmir
Rashtriya Rifles "Kilo Force"N/A
Rashtriya Rifles "Victor Force"N/A
XVI Corps

(White Knight Corps)

 Nagarota, Jammu & Kashmir Lt Gen Naveen Sachdeva 10 RAPID Division Akhnoor, Jammu & Kashmir
25 Armoured Division Rajauri, Jammu & Kashmir
39 Mountain Division Yol, Himachal Pradesh
Rashtriya Rifles "Delta Force"N/A
Rashtriya Rifles "Romeo Force"N/A
Rashtriya Rifles "Uniform Force"N/A
10 Artillery BrigadeN/A
I Corps

(Strike One Corps)

 Mathura, Uttar Pradesh Lt Gen Sanjay Mitra 4 RAPID Division Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
6 Mountain Division Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh
42 Artillery Division Bassi, Rajasthan
14 (Independent) Armoured Brigade Bhatinda, Punjab

Precursors (1895-1947)

Following is the List of precursors to the Northern Command and their commanders: [10]

Punjab Command (1895-1907)

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Punjab Command
RankNameAssumed officeLeft officeUnit of commission
General Sir William S. A. Lockhart April 1895Nov 1898 44th Bengal Native Infantry
General Sir Arthur Power Palmer Nov 1898March 1900 5th Bengal Light Infantry
Lieutenant General Sir Charles C. Egerton

(acting)

March 1899Oct 1901 31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot
General Sir Bindon Blood Oct 1901Oct 1904 Royal Engineers

Northern Command (1904-1908)

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Northern Command
RankNameAssumed officeLeft officeUnit of commission
General Sir Bindon Blood Oct 1904June 1907 Royal Engineers

Northern Army (1908-1920)

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Northern Army
RankNameAssumed officeLeft officeUnit of commission
General Sir Alfred Gaselee June 1907Nov 1908 Sutherland Highlanders
Lieutenant General Sir Josceline H. Wodehouse Nov 1908Oct 1910 Royal Artillery
Lieutenant General Sir James Willcocks Oct 1910Aug 1914 100th Regiment of Foot
Lieutenant General Sir Robert I. Scallon Aug 1914Feb 1915 72nd Highlanders
General Sir John E. Nixon Feb 1915Apr 1915 75th Regiment of Foot
-VacantApr 1915May 1916-
General Sir Arthur A. Barrett May 1916May 1920 44th Regiment of Foot

Northern Command (1920-1942)

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Northern Command
RankNameAssumed officeLeft officeUnit of commission
General Sir William R. Birdwood, Bt Nov 1920Nov 1924 Royal Scots Fusiliers
General Sir Claud W. Jacob Nov 1924May 1926 Worcestershire Regiment
General Sir Alexander S. Cobbe May 1926May 1930 Indian Staff Corps
General Sir Robert A. Cassels May 1930May 1934 Indian Staff Corps
General Sir Kenneth Wigram May 1934May 1936 2nd King Edward VII's Own Gurkha Rifles

(The Sirmoor Rifles)

General Sir John F. S. D. Coleridge May 1936Jun 1940 Indian Staff Corps
General Sir Alan F. Hartley Jun 1940Jan 1942 Durham Light Infantry
General Sir Cyril D. Noyes Jan 1942Apr 1942 2nd Queen Victoria's Own Rajput Light Infantry

North-Western Army (1942-1945)

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief North-Western Army
RankNameAssumed officeLeft officeUnit of commission
General Sir Cyril D. Noyes Apr 1942May 1943 Royal Scots Fusiliers
General Sir Edward P. Quinan May 1943Aug 1943 Worcestershire Regiment
General Sir Henry Finnis Aug 1943May 1945 Indian Staff Corps
Major-General Cecil Toovey

(acting)

Jun 1945Oct 1945 Indian Staff Corps
General Sir Richard N. O'Connor Oct 1945Nov 1945 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)

Northern Command (1945-1947)

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Northern Command
RankNameAssumed officeLeft officeUnit of commissionReferences
General Sir Richard N. O'Connor Nov 1945May 1946 Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)
Lieutenant General Douglas D. Gracey

(acting)

May 1946Oct 1946 Royal Munster Fusiliers
Lieutenant General Frank W. Messervy Oct 1946Aug 1947 9th Hodson's Horse [11]

List of GOC-in-C of Northern Command (1972-present)

Following is the list of General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Northern Command after its re-raising in 1972:

General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Northern Command
RankNameAssumed officeLeft officeUnit of commissionReferences
Lieutenant General Premindra Singh Bhagat June 197228 July 1974 Bombay Sappers [6]
Lieutenant General H. C. Rai28 July 197431 July 1978 Rajputana Rifles [12]
Lieutenant General Gurbachan Singh1 August 197831 December 1979 20 Lancers [13]
Lieutenant General Suraj Prakash Malhotra1 January 198030 September 1982 Brigade of The Guards [14]
Lieutenant General Manohar Lal Chibber 1 October 198231 August 1985 5th Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force) [15] [16]
Lieutenant General A. K. Handoo1 September 198531 May 1987 Brigade of Guards [17]
Lieutenant General Biddanda Chengappa Nanda 1 June 198731 May 1989 Mahar Regiment [17]
Lieutenant General Gurinder Singh1 June 198930 September 1991 4th Horse (Hodson's Horse) [18]
Lieutenant General D. S. R. Sahni1 October 199131 August 1993 Madras Sappers [19] [20]
Lieutenant General Surrinder Singh1 September 199331 August 1996 17th Horse (Poona Horse) [21] [22]
Lieutenant General Sundararajan Padmanabhan 1 September 199631 December 1998 Regiment of Artillery [23]
Lieutenant General H. M. Khanna1 January 199831 January 2001 Gorkha Rifles [24]
Lieutenant General R. K. Nanavatty1 February 200131 May 2003 8th Gorkha Rifles [25]
Lieutenant General Hari Prasad1 June 200331 July 2005 Maratha Light Infantry [26]
Lieutenant General Deepak Kapoor 1 September 200530 December 2006 Regiment of Artillery [27] [28]
Lieutenant General Harcharanjit Singh Panag 1 January 200629 February 2008 Sikh Regiment [29]
Lieutenant General Prabodh Chandra Bhardwaj 1 March 200830 September 2009 Parachute Regiment [30]
Lieutenant General B. S. Jaswal1 October 200931 December 2010 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles [31] [32]
Lieutenant General K. T. Parnaik 1 January 201130 June 2013 Rajputana Rifles [33]
Lieutenant General Sanjiv Chachra1 July 201331 May 2014 Rajput Regiment [34]
Lieutenant General Deependra Singh Hooda 1 June 201430 November 2016 4th Gorkha Rifles [35]
Lieutenant General Devraj Anbu 1 December 201631 May 2018 Sikh Light Infantry [36]
Lieutenant General Ranbir Singh 1 June 201831 January 2020 Dogra Regiment [37]
Lieutenant General Yogesh Kumar Joshi 1 February 202031 January 2022 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles [38]
Lieutenant General Upendra Dwivedi 1 February 202218 February 2024 Jammu and Kashmir Rifles [39]
Lieutenant General M. V. Suchindra Kumar 19 February 2024Incumbent Assam Regiment [40]

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Indian order of battle during the 2020–2021 China–India skirmishes:

References

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  2. ↑ "North Western Army". Order of Battle. Archived from the original on 6 July 2007. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
  3. ↑ "British Military History". British Military History. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
  4. ↑ Major General Cecil Watton Toovey CB, CBE, MC Archived 11 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ↑ "Northern Command, India". British Military History. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  6. 1 2 Singh, V.K. (23 March 2005). Leadership in the Indian army: biographies of twelve soldiers (Illustrated ed.). New Delhi: Sage. p. 417. ISBN   978-0-7619-3322-9.
  7. 1 2 Renaldi and Rikhye 2011, p. 21
  8. ↑ Service, Tribune News. "Focus on China, Army moves key 'strike' elements to eastern Ladakh". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  9. ↑ ConflictX [@ConflictX7] (1 June 2022). "Strike One Corps got re-organised. It saw addition of 6 Mountain Division which came from Central Command. 33 Armored Division which was part of 1 corps is retained by South Western Command. While 23 Division moved to 17 Strike Corps. https://t.co/fPiMUnbb0O" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022– via Twitter.
  10. ↑ Army Commands Archived 5 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ↑ "Page 5852 | Issue 37801, 29 November 1946 | London Gazette | The Gazette". www.thegazette.co.uk.
  12. ↑ "Lt. Gen. Rai Takes Over Northern Command" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 28 July 1974. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  13. ↑ "New Appointments in Army" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 19 May 1978. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  14. ↑ "Lt. Gen. S. P. Malhotra – New GOC-in-C" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 26 December 1979. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  15. ↑ "Gen. Chhibber New GOC-in-C Northern Command" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 1 October 1982. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  16. ↑ "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Army Branch)". The Gazette of India. 8 February 1986. p. 129.
  17. 1 2 "Lt. Gen. BC Nanda Appointed GOC-in-C Northern Command" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 20 May 1987. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  18. ↑ "Lt. Gen. Gurinder Singh Appointed General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Northern Command" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 31 May 1989. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  19. ↑ "New Army Commanders Appointed" (PDF). Press Information Bureau of India – Archive. 15 June 1991. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
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  24. ↑ "The Commanders Who Failed". Outlook India. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  25. ↑ "Lt Gen Nanavatty takes over as GOCC, northern command". Zee News. 1 February 2001. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  26. ↑ "Lt Gen Hari Prasad new GoC-in-C, Northern Command". www.rediff.com. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  27. ↑ "Lt Gen Kapoor to be new VCOAS; Panag, Jamwal to head N, E Cmds". oneindia.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
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  33. ↑ "Lieutenant General KT Parnaik,takes over as the GOC-in -C, Northern Command – Ground Report". www.groundreport.com. January 2011. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  34. ↑ "Lt Gen Chachra takes over as Army's Northern Command chief". The Economic Times. 1 July 2013. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  35. ↑ "Lt Gen Hooda takes over as Northern Command Chief". Firstpost. 2 June 2014. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  36. ↑ "Lt Gen Devraj Anbu takes over as chief of Army's Northern command". The Indian Express. 1 December 2016. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  37. ↑ "'Face of Indian Army' Lt Gen Ranbir Singh appointed Northern Army Commander". The Week. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
  38. ↑ Negi, Manjeet Singh (24 January 2020). "Kargil fame Lt Gen YK Joshi appointed Northern Army Commander". India Today. London. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  39. ↑ "Govt appoints new commanders for Indian Army's Northern, Eastern commands". India Today. 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.
  40. ↑ "Kumar to head Northern Command, Dwivedi is vice chief". Daily Excelsior. 6 February 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2024.

Sources

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