Rajputana Rifles

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Rajputana Rifles
Rajputana Rifles Insignia (India).svg
Regimental Insignia of the Rajputana Rifles
Active10 January 1775 – present
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
BranchFlag of Indian Army.svg  Indian Army
TypeLine Infantry
RoleInfantry
Size25 battalions
Garrison/HQ Delhi Cantonment
Nickname(s)RajRif
Motto(s)Veer Bhogya Vasundhara (वीर भोग्य वसुंधरा )
"The Brave Shall Inherit the Earth"
War CryRaja Ramchandra Ki Jai [1]
(Hail Lord Raja Ramachandra)
Battle honours Poonch, Hajipir, Charwa, Basantar and Myanamati, Tololing
Commanders
Colonel of the regimentLt Gen Amardeep Singh Aujla

The Rajputana Rifles is the oldest rifle regiment of the Indian Army. It was originally a part of the British Indian Army, when six previously existing regiments were amalgamated to form six battalions of the 6th Rajputana Rifles. In 1945, the numeral designation was dropped from the title and in 1947 the regiment was transferred to the newly independent Indian Army. Since independence, the regiment has been involved in a number of conflicts against Pakistan, as well as contributing to the Custodian Force (India) in Korea under the aegis of the United Nations in 1953–54 and to the UN Mission to the Congo in 1962. As a rifle regiment, it uses a bugle horn as its insignia, the same as the British Light Division, but unlike its British counterparts, the Rajputana Rifles march at the same march pace used in the Indian Army as a whole.

Contents

Etymology

The name Rajputana Rifles is derived from northwest, and the word Rajputana, a historic region in northwest India that is roughly coextensive with the modern Indian state of Rajasthan, as well as small sections of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. It is based on the word Rajaputra, meaning "son of a king, which came in 6th century. The name Rajputana means "land of the Rajputs". The Aravalli Range crosses the southern part of the region from northeast to southwest. The northwestern part is largely the Thar desert, but to the southeast, the land is extremely fertile. Rajput power rose here between the 6th and 13th centuries, and the princes resisted the early Muslim incursions, which began in the 11th century. Rajput power reached its peak in the early 15th century, but the area fell to the Mughals when Akbar captured the Chittor Fort in 1568. The Marathas held feudatories in the region from c. 1750 to 1818, when it passed to Great Britain. When Britishers came Rajputs did treaty. The Rajput princely states came under British protection by treaties in the early 19th century; most of the area was formed into Rajasthan state in 1948. Under the British, Rajputana included more than 20 princely states, notably Bikaner, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Udaipur, and Ajmer. The internal autonomy of many of the states was guaranteed.

Recruitment

The Rajputana Rifles is a fixed class regiment with equal proportions of Jats and Rajputs but some units have also the minor proportion of Ahir, Gurjar and Hindustani Muslims . [2] [3]

Lineage

The regiment's origins lie in the 18th century when the East India Company (HEIC) recruited Rajputs to protect its operations. The impressive performance of French local units which were composed of local recruits mixed with French officers, helped the HEIC to decide that it needed to do something similar. In January 1775, it raised its first local infantry units which included the 5th Battalion, Bombay Sepoys, which is considered to be the oldest rifle regiment of the Indian Army. [4] The 5th Battalion was successively redesignated as 9th Battalion Bombay Sepoys in 1778; 2nd Battalion, 2nd Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry in 1796; 4th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry in 1824, and then 4th Regiment Native Infantry (Rifle Corps) in 1881. [5] It thus became the first rifle regiment of the British Indian Army. [4] In 1899 the battalion was once more renamed as 4th Regiment (1st Battalion Rifle Corps) Bombay Infantry and again in 1901 as 4th Bombay Rifles. [5]


In Kitchener's 1903 reorganisation of the Indian Army, 4th Bombay Rifles became 104th Wellesley's Rifles, to commemorate the fact that the regiment had been commanded in 1800 by Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington). [6] In the further re-organisation in 1921, the following six regiments were brought together to form the six battalions of the 6th Rajputana Rifles Regiment: [7]

A painting depicting members of the Rajputanta Rifles, of all ranks and uniforms. c. 1911 Rajputana.jpg
A painting depicting members of the Rajputanta Rifles, of all ranks and uniforms. c. 1911

In 1945, the regiments of the British Indian Army dropped the numeral in their titles and so the Rajputana Rifles assumed its current name. In 1947, after the partition of India, the regiment was allocated to the newly formed Indian Army. In 1949, the 1st battalion was transferred to the newly raised Brigade of the Guards, becoming the 3rd battalion, Brigade of the Guards.

History

Men of the regiment during the Battle of Meiktila, Burma 1945 Rajputana Rifles assault on Meiktila.jpg
Men of the regiment during the Battle of Meiktila, Burma 1945

In 1817, the 4th battalion met the Marathas at the Battle of Khadki. The defence earned the regiment the battle honor of "Khadki". In 1856–57 the 1st, 2nd, and 4th battalions were together in the Persian theatre of operations. In 1856, Captain John Augustus Wood of the 2nd battalion (then the 20th Bombay Native Infantry) was awarded the Victoria Cross for storming Bushire Fort. [9] This was the first Victoria Cross to be won in an Indian unit. [10] Sub. Maj Mohammed Sharief and Sub. Peer Bhatt were recommended for the Victoria Cross for their actions in the same battle, but were turned down as at that time the medal category was not open to Indians. [11] [12]

In 1878–1880, during the Second Afghan War, the 1st battalion marched 145 miles in 5 days from Quetta to Kandahar and laid siege to the city. In 1900–1902, the 3rd battalion was part of a force used to contain the Boxer Rebellion in China.

World War I saw the regiment fight in battlefields from France to Palestine. The 5th battalion was in all theatres of the war and participated in General Allenby’s march to recapture Jerusalem.

During World War II, the regiment was expanded to thirteen battalions and served in the Middle East, Burma and Malaya. [13] The 4th battalion had the distinction of earning two Victoria Crosses during this conflict. [14]

Over the course of its existence, members of the regiment have received four Victoria Crosses, 44 Military Crosses, one Param Vir Chakra, three Ashok Chakras, one Padma Bhushan, fourteen Param Vishisht Seva Medals, ten Maha Vir Chakras, eleven Kirti Chakras, 18 Ati Vishisht Seva Medals, two Uttam Yudh Seva Medal, 50 Vir Chakras, 28 Shaurya Chakras, 122 Sena Medals (including Bar), 39 Vishisht Seva Medals, three Yudh Seva Medals, 85 Mentions-in-Dispatches and 55 Arjuna Awards. [4]

Units

President Ram Nath Kovind with members of the Band of the Rajputana Rifles following the Beating Retreat, Rashtrapati Bhavan, 30 January 2018. The President, Shri Ram Nath Kovind with the Indian Army Band Contingents (participants of the Beating Retreat Ceremony) and Provost Outrides, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on January 30, 2018.jpg
President Ram Nath Kovind with members of the Band of the Rajputana Rifles following the Beating Retreat, Rashtrapati Bhavan, 30 January 2018.
Postage stamp released in 2018 to commemorate the Bicentenary of the Third Battalion of Rajputana Rifles. Stamp of India - 2018 - Colnect 820147 - Bicentenary of the Rajputana Rifles.jpeg
Postage stamp released in 2018 to commemorate the Bicentenary of the Third Battalion of Rajputana Rifles.
Postage stamp released in 2020 to commemorate the Bicentenary of the Fourth Battalion of Rajputana Rifles. Stamp of India - 2020 - Colnect 942482 - Bicentenary of the Fourth Battalion of Rajputana Rifles.jpeg
Postage stamp released in 2020 to commemorate the Bicentenary of the Fourth Battalion of Rajputana Rifles.
Postage stamp released in 1995 to commemorate 175 years of the Fifth Battalion of Rajputana Rifles. Stamp of India - 1995 - Colnect 163734 - 5th Battalion Napiers The Rajputana Rifles - 175th Annive.jpeg
Postage stamp released in 1995 to commemorate 175 years of the Fifth Battalion of Rajputana Rifles.

The Rajputana Rifles consists of nineteen regular battalions, four Rashtriya Rifles battalions and two Territorial Army battalions -

BattalionRaising DateRemarksReferences
1st Battalion §1775Raised as 5th Battalion, Bombay Sepoys. Converted to 3rd Battalion, Brigade of the Guards on 1 September 1949. Pre-independence : 28 battle honours, post-independence : battle honour Gadra Road [15]
2nd Battalion1817Raised as the 2nd Battalion, 10th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry. Designated 120th Rajputana Infantry in 1903 and 2nd (Prince of Wales's Own), 6th Rajputana Rifles in 1922. Battle honours of Persia, Reshire, Bushire, Koosh-Ab, Mesopotamia, Shaiba, Kut-Al-Amara, and Ctesiphon. Captain John Augustus Wood won the Victoria Cross in 1856 at Bushire, Persia. Post independence battle honours – Poonch, Tololing and Drass; theatre honour – Kargil. [16] [17]
3rd Battalion1818Raised as 2nd Battalion, 11th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry. Underwent many name changes, was designated 122nd Rajputana Infantry, before present designation. Battle honours –China, Afghanistan, Basra and Shaiba, Kut-Al-Amra, Baghdad, Mesopotamia, Irrawady, Mandalay and Fort Dufferin. Theatre honours – Persia, Mesopotamia, Burma 1932-34, Burma 1944-45, Jammu & Kashmir and Rajasthan. [18]
4th Battalion (Outram’s)1820Raised on 26 May 1820 from elements which took part in the Battle of Khadki in November 1817, as the First Battalion of the 12th Regiment of the East India Company Indian Army. In the reorganisation of 1903, it took on the name of Sir James Outram and was designated the 123rd Outram's Rifles. Won two Victoria Crosses (Subedar Richhpal Ram and CHM Chhelu Ram), and 23 Battle/Theatre Honours during the pre-independence period. Post-Independence battle honours – Charwa and Uri, theatre honour Punjab 1965. [19]
5th Battalion (Napier’s)1820Raised as 1st Extra Battalion of Bombay Native Infantry, underwent many changes, designated 125th Napier's Rifles in 1903 and present designation in 1945. Won one Victoria Cross in 1858 and 27 battle honours before independence. [20]
6th Battalion1962Nicknamed the Param Vir Chakra Paltan and Shooting Sixth, the regiment was raised in 1940 by Lieutenant Colonel NG Gane MC at Faizabad. Theatre honour Burma during World War II. CHM Piru Singh was awarded the PVC during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948. The battalion was awarded the theatre honour Jammu and Kashmir and battle honour Darapari. [21]
7th Battalion1962Raised 1941, fought in Malaya, disbanded at the end of war. Re-raised in 1962 at Delhi Cantonment. Battle honour Mynamati and theatre honour East Pakistan, 1971. [22]
8th Battalion1963Raised in 1941 and saw action in the Arakan Campaign, battle honour Rathedaung, disbanded 1947. Re-raised by Lieutenant Colonel JJ Lal in Delhi. [23]
9th Battalion1964Raised 1941 at Nasirabad, converted to an anti-aircraft regiment, disbanded 1945. Re-raised at Delhi Cantonment by Lieutenant Colonel C Silva. [24]
11th Battalion1964Raised by Lieutenant Colonel Risal Singh at Kanchrapara. Havildar Rajesh Kumar was posthumously awarded the Ashoka Chakra in 2010. [25]
12th Battalion1968Raised as 31 Rajputana Rifles on 15 January 1968 and re-designated as 12 Rajputana Rifles on 23 February 1971. Theatre honour : East Pakistan, 1971. [26]
13th Battalion1966Raised as the New Delhi by Lieutenant Colonel Jai Singh SM . Nicknamed Thundering Thirteen. [27]
14th Battalion1966Raised as 11 Rajputana Rifles (TA), disbanded 1947, re-raised 1966 by Lieutenant Colonel Harbhajan Singh at Golconda. Nicknamed Fighting Fourteen because of the consistent performance of the Batalian in Firing Competitions [28]
15th Battalion1976
16th Battalion1979
17th Battalion1934Former Imperial Service Troops, raised as Sawai Man Guards of Jaipur State Forces, battle honour Ledi Gali during 1948 operations, absorbed into Indian Army in 1951. [29]
18th Battalion §1941?Former Saurashtra Rifles, (Nawanagar State Forces); now 11th Mechanised Infantry Regiment. Battle honours Asal Uttar and Basantar.
19th Battalion1962Raised at Delhi Cantonment by Lieutenant Colonel SP Kutky. Captain Ummed Singh Mahra was posthumously awarded the Ashoka Chakra in 1971. Awarded theatre honour East Pakistan, 1971. [30]
20th Battalion1981Raised in Delhi Cantonment [31]
21st Battalion1985
22nd Battalion
23rd Battalion §Converted to 23rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment in 2013
9 Rashtriya Rifles1994
18 Rashtriya Rifles1994
43 Rashtriya Rifles2005?
57 Rashtriya Rifles
105 (TA) Battalion1949Delhi Cantonment, New Delhi; nicknamed Rajputana Terriers [32]
128 (TA) Battalion1983Eco - Jaisalmer, Rajasthan [33]

§ indicates former units.

Alliances

Rajputana Rifles Regimental Museum

The Rajputana Rifles Regimental Museum in the Rajputana Rifles Centre is located inside the Delhi Cantonment. The museum covers the rich history of the regiment in the most modern fashion. The museum is around 7000 square feet in size and covers the history of the regiment from its inception. The museum exhibits weapons and uniforms and narrates the history through large format images and audiovisual film. The museum was designed and conceived by Holistic Design a Delhi-based design studio headed by Nikhil Bhardwaj who specializes in designing museums and exhibitions. Col. M. S. Niranjan of the 19th battalion was the director of the museum project. It is rated as the finest military museum in India and even compared to the Imperial War Museum in London.

Battle Honours

Pre Independence [34] [35]

Post Independence [34]

Gallantry awards

Pre-independence

Pre-1914

Victoria Cross


1914-1921 [36]
Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire

Military Cross

Order of British India

Indian Order of Merit

Indian Distinguished Service Medal

Indian Meritorious Service Medal

Croix De Guerre (French)

Leim Alilimdetaire (French)

Medaille d'Honneur avec Glaives en Bronze (French)


1921-1939
Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

Distinguished Service Order

Military Cross


1939-1947 [49] [50] [51] [52] [53]
Victoria Cross

Distinguished Service Order

Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

Military Cross

Indian Order of Merit, 1st Class

Indian Order of Merit

Indian Distinguished Service Medal

Military Medal

British Empire Medal

Gold Cross of Merit

Mentioned in dispatches

Post-independence

Param Vir Chakra

Ashok Chakra

Maha Vir Chakra

Kirti Chakra

Vir Chakra

Shaurya Chakra

See also

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  75. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:36679, Page:4051". 29 August 1944. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  76. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:36730, Page:4570". 3 October 1944. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  77. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:37780, Page:5466". 5 November 1946. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  78. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:37223, Page:4157". 14 August 1945. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  79. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:37521, Page:1669". 2 April 1946. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  80. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:37433, Page:500". 15 January 1946. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  81. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:35396, Page:7334". 26 December 1941. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  82. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:36764, Page:4901". 24 October 1944. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  83. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:37310, Page:5098". 16 October 1945. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  84. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:37172, Page:3597". 10 July 1945. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  85. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:36287, Page:5473". 14 December 1943. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  86. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:36287, Page:5474". 14 December 1943. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  87. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:37101, Page:2745". 29 May 1945. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  88. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:37595, Page:2740". 4 June 1946. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  89. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:35715, Page:4158". 22 September 1942. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  90. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:37521, Page:1670". 2 April 1946. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  91. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:36679, Page:4052". 29 August 1944. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  92. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:37274, Page:4678". 18 September 1945. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  93. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:36994, Page:1546". 20 March 1945. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  94. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:37433, Page:501". 15 January 1946. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  95. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:37595, Page:2739". 4 June 1946. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  96. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:36730, Page:4571". 3 October 1944. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  97. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:37040, Page:2080". 17 April 1945. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  98. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:36699, Page:4250". 12 September 1944. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  99. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:37717, Page:4507". 6 August 1946. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  100. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:38079, Page:4514". 23 September 1947. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  101. ↑ "The London Gazette, Supplement:37138, Page:3244". 19 June 1945. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
  102. ↑ "Gazette of India, No 17" (PDF). 26 January 1952. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  103. ↑ "Havildar Rajesh Kumar" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  104. ↑ "Captain Ummed Singh Mahra" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  105. ↑ "Nk Neeraj Kumar Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  106. ↑ "ajor General Swarup Singh Kalaan, MC" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  107. ↑ "Lt Col Raghubir Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  108. ↑ "Lieutenant Ved Prakash Trehan" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  109. ↑ "Rifleman Dhonkal Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  110. ↑ "Naik Sugan Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  111. ↑ "Major Padmapani Acharya" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  112. ↑ "Major Vivek Gupta" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  113. ↑ "Naik Digendra Kumar" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  114. ↑ "Capt Neikezhakuo Kenguruse" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  115. ↑ "Lt Col Kamaldeep Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  116. ↑ "Capt Karni Singh Rathore" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  117. ↑ "Capt Ashutosh Kumar" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  118. ↑ "Havildar Amar Singh" . Retrieved 29 August 2023.
  119. ↑ "Naib Subedar Umaid Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  120. ↑ "Naik Rajinder Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  121. ↑ "Maj Pushpender Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  122. ↑ "L/Nk Hoshiar Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  123. ↑ "Lieutanant Colonel Mahabir Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  124. ↑ "Major Balbir Singh Poonia" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  125. ↑ "Major Rajender Singh Rajawat" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  126. ↑ "Major Ram Swarup Sharma" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  127. ↑ "Maj Jitendra Kumar Tomar" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  128. ↑ "Capt Vijayant Thapar" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  129. ↑ "Colonel Magod Basappa Ravindranath" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  130. ↑ "Major Mohit Saxena" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  131. ↑ "Captain Haneef Uddin" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  132. ↑ "Subedar Rajab Ali" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  133. ↑ "Naib Subedar Mangej Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  134. ↑ "Jemadar Sanwal Ram" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  135. ↑ "Havildar Hazari Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  136. ↑ "Naik Sheo Chand Ram" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  137. ↑ "Lance Naik Prem Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  138. ↑ "CHM Yashvir Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  139. ↑ "Havildar Prem Kumar Chauhan" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  140. ↑ "Rifleman Rewat Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  141. ↑ "Rifleman Mathan Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  142. ↑ "Rifleman Mohan Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  143. ↑ "Rifleman Jai Ram Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  144. ↑ "Rifleman Mahilal Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  145. ↑ "Rifleman Chagan Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  146. ↑ "Lance Naik Ayyub Ali" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  147. ↑ "Nb Sub Lal Singh Khichi" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  148. ↑ "Lance Naik Deshpal Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  149. ↑ "Rifleman Lakshman Singh" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  150. ↑ "Hav Hanuman Ram Saran" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  151. ↑ "Rifleman Mukesh Kumar" . Retrieved 4 April 2023.

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