Future of the Indian Navy

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Naval Ensign of India Naval Ensign of India.svg
Naval Ensign of India
Indian Navy carrier battle group in formation, showing some of the latest additions to the fleet (2014) Carrier Battle Group India.jpg
Indian Navy carrier battle group in formation, showing some of the latest additions to the fleet (2014)

The Indian Navy has been focusing on developing indigenous platforms, systems, sensors and weapons as part of the nation's modernisation and expansion of its maritime forces. As of November 2023, the Indian Navy has 67 vessels of various types under construction including destroyers, frigates, corvettes, conventional-powered and nuclear-powered submarines and various other ships. [1] It plans to build up to a total of 200 vessels and 500 aircraft by 2050. According to Chief of Naval Staff's statement in December 2020, [2] India has transformed from a buyer's navy to a builder's navy. [3]

Contents

The increasing interest of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy in the Indian Ocean region [4] has led the Indian Navy to invest more in anti-submarine ships, such as the Kamorta-class corvette, long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft such as Boeing P-8 Poseidon and ships such as the Saryu-class patrol vessel [5] and unmanned aerial vehicles such as the IAI Heron-1. [6] However the lack of a strong submarine fleet has diminished its capabilities to some extent. [7] Post-Chinese intrusions into Ladakh in 2020, it has been announced that the Indian Navy plans to upgrade the military facilities in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands on the eastern seaboard as well as Lakshadweep on the western seaboard, with the aim of having a network of island airbases in both the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal which provides an infrastructure which will guarantee freedom of navigation and overflight to all Indian territories. [8]

Submarines

  This indicates that a Request For Information (RFI) has currently been issued for this project. The issue of an RFI is not a commitment for procurement.

Nuclear Submarines

ClassPictureTypeNo. of BoatsOriginDisplacement

(Standard)

StatusNote
Arihant class Arihant 1.jpg Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) 4Flag of India.svg  India
  • 6,000 tonne [9]

(S2 & S3)

  • 7,000 tonne [9]

(S4 & S4*)

2 in service
1 launched
1 under construction		A total of four submarines (S2, S3, S4 & S4*) [10] were planned in two flights. [11]
S5 class An artistic drawing of the S5-class SSBN.png Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) 3Flag of India.svg  India 13,500 tonnes3 plannedProject was approved with a budget of ₹10,000 crore (US$1.3 billion). [11] [12] [13]
Chakra III (Akula) class AkulaProjekt971U right.png Nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN) 1Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 12,770–13,800 tons1 on orderOn 7 March 2019, India and Russia signed a $3 billion deal for the lease of another Akula-class nuclear-powered attack submarine. The submarine, dubbed Chakra III, should be delivered to the Indian Navy by 2025. [14] [15]
Project 75 Alpha Nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN) 6Flag of India.svg  India 6,000 tonnes6 plannedThe Government of India had approved the construction of six such submarines in February 2015. These submarines will be designed by the Navy's in-house Directorate of Naval Design and indigenously built in the Shipbuilding Centre at Visakhapatnam. Initially, 3 submarines are planned to undergo construction in 2023–2024 while another set of 3 will get clearance later. The first submarine is planned to enter service in 2032. [16]

Conventional Submarines

ClassPictureTypeNo. of BoatsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
Kalvari class INS Kalvari (S21) at sea.jpg Attack submarine 9Flag of India.svg  India

Flag of France.svg  France

1,800 tonnes5 in service
1 sea trials
3 more planned [17]

[18] [19] [20]

All deliveries are expected to be completed by 2023. [21] [22]
Project 75I class Attack submarine 6Flag of India.svg  India 3,000 – 4,000 tonnes6 plannedDefence Acquisition Council cleared the purchase of six submarines worth ₹53,000 crore (US$6.6 billion) in October 2014. [23] In April 2019, an Expression of Interest was issued for twelve stealth submarines capable of remaining underwater for much longer period and firing submarine-launched land-attack and anti-ship cruise missiles. [24] Official bidding process to start very soon as of Aug 2020. [25] The Ministry of Defence cleared the proposal to issue a tender for the construction of six conventional submarines. [26]
Project-76 class Attack submarine 12Flag of India.svg  India PlannedThese are first class of conventional diesel-electric submarine to be fully designed and developed within India featuring AIPs. The design phase is expected to be completed by end-2024 and tenders are expected to be issued by defence ministry soon. [27] [28] [29]

Midget submarines

ClassPictureTypeNo. of BoatsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
Swimmer Delivery Vehicle Midget submarine 2Flag of India.svg  India 150 tonnes2 planned Hindustan Shipyard Limited [30] will construct two midget submarine at an estimated cost of ₹ 2,000 crore. SOVs will be used by MARCOS for conducting special operations. [23]

Ships

  This indicates that the project a Request For Information (RFI) has currently been issued for this project. The issue of RFI is not a commitment for procurement.

Aircraft carriers

NamePictureNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
IAC-1 Class IAC1 Vikrant with INS Kolkata (D63) during sea trial (cropped).jpg 2Flag of India.svg  India 45,000 tonnes1 in service

1 planned [31]

Indian Navy had been pushing for a 65,000 tonne carrier, but the demand has been put on hold due to expenses and technologies needed on board. So now Navy is considering another 45,000-tonne class carrier, same as INS Vikrant with more indigenous systems and better propulsions.
INS Vishal 1Flag of India.svg  India 65,000 - 75,000 tonnes [32] Planned [33] Estimated to be equipped with an Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) CATOBAR system. Will have significant changes and greater size compare to INS Vikrant.

Initially nuclear propulsion was planned, but this was later changed to an integrated electric propulsion system due to the complexities involved in developing a nuclear reactor with a capacity of 500 to 550 megawatts that would possibly take 15 to 20 years. [34] [35]
Since the Indian navy has preferred the construction of the nuclear powered Project 75 Alpha and the conventionally powered Project 75I class submarines, INS Vishal will be seen as a replacement of the INS Vikramaditya. [36] [37] [16] [38]

Amphibious warfare ships

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
Future Landing Platform Dock (LPD) Landing helicopter dock 4Flag of India.svg  India 30,000 to 40,000 tonnes4 plannedIndian Navy has released RFI for 4 LPDs to be made by Indian shipyards. Integrated Full Electric Propulsion (IFEP) is expected. Ships will have 4x AK 630 with Electro Optical Fire control system, 8x Medium Machine Gun, 6x Heavy Machine Gun, Advancd towed decoy system, 16x SSM, 32x VL-SRSAM, 2x Heavy Lift Helicopters, 12 Special Ops Helicopters and 2x NSUAS etc. [39]
High Speed Landing Craft Landing Craft 6Flag of India.svg  India 285 tonnes6 plannedIn September 2017, Indian Navy issues a RFI to acquire six landing craft capable of supporting assault missions and transporting equipment, vehicles & troops. [40] [41]

Destroyers

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
Visakhapatnam class Visakhapatnam (D66) - P15B destroyer of Indian Navy during sea trials.jpg Stealth guided missile destroyer 4Flag of India.svg  India 7,300 tonnes3 in service
1 launched		Follow on of the Kolkata-class destroyer with improved stealth features. [42] [43] [44]

Frigates

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
Nilgiri class INS Nilgiri in Mumbai on September 28, 2019.jpg Stealth guided missile frigate 7Flag of India.svg  India 6,670 tonnes7 launchedFour ships will be constructed by Mazagon Dock while the remaining three by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers. [45] [46] [47]
Talwar class INS Talwar (F40) entering the port of Manama, Bahrain.jpg Stealth guided missile frigate 10Flag of Russia.svg  Russia
Flag of India.svg  India 		4,035 tonnes1 Sea trials [48]
3 Under construction		Two additional vessels of batch 3 are to be built in a joint partnership between Russia and India in Yantar Shipyard and another two of batch 4 are to be built in Goa Shipyard [49] [50] [51]

Corvettes

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
Anti Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) Arnala class ASW corvette during launch by GRSE.jpg Corvette (ASW)16Flag of India.svg  India 700–950 tonnes9 Launched,

7 under construction [52]

Designed for ASW roles in coastal waters.

Eight vessels each constructed by GRSE and Cochin Shipyard, to be delivered between 2022 and 2026. [53] [54] [55] [56]

Next Generation Missile Vessels Corvette (ASuW)6Flag of India.svg  India 2,200 tonnes6 on orderThe contract for acquisition of six Next Generation Missile Vessels (NGMV) was signed with Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) at a cost of Rs 9,805 crore. The delivery of ships is scheduled to commence from March 2027 . [57]
NGC (Next-Gen Corvette) [58] Corvette 8Flag of India.svg  India 3500 tonnes8 PlannedIn 2016, the Ministry of Defence issued Request For Information (RFI) for seven next-generation Corvette under the "Buy Indian and Make Indian" category. Acceptance of necessity given by ministry of defence [58]

Next Generation Fast Attack Craft (NGFACs)

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
Next Generation Fast Attack Crafts (NGFACs) Fast Attack Craft 7 India 300 Tonnes7 plannedNGFAC are a planned Fast Attack Craft for the Indian Navy. Under this programme the Indian Navy intends to acquire seven advanced ships. Ships under this class will feature advanced stealth features like a low radar cross section (RCS), infrared, acoustic and magnetic signatures [59]

Mine countermeasure vessels

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
MINE COUNTER MEASURE VESSELS (MCMVs) Minesweeper 12Flag of India.svg  India 2,800 Tons12 PlannedOn 3 August 2023, the MoD released RFI for acquiring 12 minesweepers from Indian Shipyards. [60]

Multi Purpose Vessel

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
Multi Purpose Vessel (MPVs) L&T Larsen and Toubro Multi Purpose Vessel.jpg Multi Purpose Vessel (MPV)2Flag of India.svg  India 3750 tonnes2 Under constructionMinistry of Defence signed a contract with Larsen & Toubro for acquisition of Two Multi-Purpose Vessels (MPVs) for Indian Navy at cost of Rs.887 Crore on 25 March 2022. These vessels will be used for multi-role support functions such as maritime surveillance & patrol, launching/ recovery of torpedoes and operation of various types of aerial, surface and underwater targets for Gunnery/ ASW firing exercises. [61] [62]
Navy's Multi Purpose VesselMulti Purpose Vessel (MPV)2Flag of India.svg  India 2 Planned [63]

Patrol vessels

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
NGOPV Offshore patrol vessel 11Flag of India.svg  India 2,500 tonnes6 under construction
5 on order [64] [65] [66] 		The contract for acquisition of 11 Next Generation Offshore Patrol Vessels under Buy (Indian-IDDM) category was signed with Goa Shipyard Ltd (GSL) and Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) at a total cost of Rs 9,781 crore. The delivery of the ships is scheduled to commence from September 2026. [57] [66]

Replenishment ships

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
HSL class HSL-class fleet support ship.jpg Fleet replenishment oiler 5Flag of India.svg  India 45,000 tonnes1 Under Construction
4 on order		Approved in 2014. [67] [68]
Contract signed in August 2023. All ships to be delivered by 2031. [69]

Survey vessels

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
Sandhayak class INS Sandhayak (J18) during sea trials.jpg Survey vessel 4Flag of India.svg  India 3,300 tonnes1 in Service [70]
3 Launched		In September 2017, GRSE won a bid for ₹2,500 crore (US$310 million). [71] [72] Contract signed in October 2018. [73]
Next Generation survey VesselSurvey vessel5Flag of India.svg  India Planned [63]

Miscellaneous

ClassPictureTypeNo. of ShipsOriginDisplacementStatusNote
Unmanned Autonomous Boat Swarms Unmanned surface vehicle UnknownFlag of India.svg  India Under constructionIndian Navy has signed an agreement with Sagar Defence Engineering Pvt. Ltd for armed autonomous boat swarms under ‘SPRINT’. These swarm boats will be used for high-speed interdiction; surveillance; constabulary operations; Command, Control, Communications, Computers (C4) Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR). [74]
Nistar class Diving support vessel 2Flag of India.svg  India 9,350 tonnes [75] 2 LaunchedIn December 2017, Hindustan Shipyard won a bid to build two ships for ₹2,019 crore (US$250 million). Contract for the same was signed in September 2018. Keel laid for the first vessel in December 2019. Both the ships (Nistar & Nipun) have been launched on 22 September 2022. [76] [77] [78]
L&T-class Cadet Training Ship Training vessel 3Flag of India.svg  India Unknown3 Under constructionUnion Cabinet has accorded approval to sign a contract with Larsen & Toubro for acquisition of three Cadet Training Ships, at an overall cost of Rs 3,108.09 crore. The delivery of ships is scheduled to commence from 2026. [79] Keel of first ship laid on 9 February 2024. [80] Steel cutting ceremony of third ship on 20 April 2024. [81]
National Hospital Ship (NHS) Hospital Ship 1Flag of India.svg  India UnknownPlannedOne National Hospital Ship is proposed to be acquired. The anticipated delivery timelines for the first vessel is maximum of 48 months from the date of contract. [82]
Diving Support CraftDiving Support Craft5Flag of India.svg  India Under constructionA Contract for construction of five Diving Support Craft (DSC) has been signed by Indian Navy with M/s Titagarh Wagons Ltd, Kolkata on 12 Feb 21. [83]
Fast Interceptor Craft22Flag of India.svg  India PlannedFollow on water jet fast interceptor craft [84]
Tugboat Tugboat 4Flag of India.svg  India Under construction10-tonne bollard pull tugs being constructed at Hindustan Shipyard [85] [86]
Fast Interceptor Craft120Flag of India.svg  India Planned [63]

Aircraft

TypePictureRoleNo. of airframesOriginStatusNote
Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF) HALTEDBFAeroindia2021.png Carrier-based multirole fighter UnspecifiedFlag of India.svg  India Design Phase and planningThe design of the Omni Role Combat Aircraft (ORCA), an Air Force variant of the Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF), with significant design differences, was being studied as of 2020. The first flight of the TEDBF is targeted for 2025–26 with the fighter expected to be inducted into the Navy by 2032.
Dassault Rafale Rafale - RIAT 2009 (3751416421).jpg 26Flag of France.svg  France PlannedIn late January 2017, the Indian Navy released an international Request for Information (RFI) for 57 "Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighters". The main contest is between Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and Dassault Rafale-M. Number was revised to 36 from 57 in mid 2020 [87] and again to 26 in end 2021 with a new G2G process envisaged after demonstration. [88]
Naval Shipborne Unmanned Aerial SystemShipborne UAV 10PlannedA proposal moved in fast track mode by the Indian Navy before the Defence Ministry, under which it will buy 10 Naval Shipborne Unmanned Aerial Systems for around ₹ 1,300 crores has been cleared by the government [89]
MQ-9 SeaGuardian MQ-9 Reaper UAV (cropped).jpg Unmanned combat aerial vehicle 2 in service (on lease)

15 more planned [90] [91]

Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States Planned [91] The US sent the Letter of Acceptance (LoA) to the Ministry of Defence for a deal of 31 MQ-9B drones (15 for Navy, and 8 each for Army and Air Force). The document will now be forwarded to Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) for final approval. [92] [93]
Dornier 228 Dornier Do-228 of Indian Navy.JPG Anti-submarine warfare, Maritime patrol 12Flag of Germany.svg  Germany
Flag of India.svg  India 		4 in service

8 on order

These aircraft will be equipped with advanced sensors, glass cockpit, advanced surveillance radar, ELINT, optical sensors and networking features. [94]
EADS CASA C-295 Anti-submarine warfare, Maritime patrol 9Flag of Europe.svg  European Union
Flag of India.svg  India 		9 clearedThese aircraft will be equipped with advanced sensors, glass cockpit, advanced surveillance radar, ELINT, optical sensors and networking features. [95] Ministry of Defence has given clearance for procurement on 16 February 2024. [96] [97]
Boeing P-8I Neptune Boeing P-8I of the Indian Navy.jpg Reconnaissance, ASW, ASuW

12

6 more planned

Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 12 in service

6 more planned

Four ordered in 2016 at a cost of US$1.1 billion, ten more planned to be procured at a cost of US$3 billion.
Sikorsky MH-60R Sikorsky MH-60R Seahawk helicopter of Indian Navy.jpg Multi-Role Helicopter 24Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 5 delivered [98]

19 on order [98]

The helicopters will replace the ageing Sea King helicopters.They will be equipped with anti-submarine Mark 54 torpedoes and Hellfire air-to-surface missiles, along with precision-kill rockets. A contract for 24 helicopters was signed on US president Donald Trump's visit to India.
Naval Multi-Role Helicopter HAL Indian Multi Role Helicopter.jpg Multi-Role Helicopter 60Flag of India.svg  India PlannedDeck Based Multi Role Helicopter being developed to replace Sea King and augment MH-60R [99]
Naval Multi-Role Helicopter EzV0D8uUcAYRFJy (cropped).jpg Multi-Role Helicopter123Flag of India.svg  India PlannedRequirement issued to HAL [100]
Naval Utility Helicopter LUH and Dhruv (cropped).jpg Utility helicopter 111Flag of India.svg  India PlannedTo replace HAL Chetak helicopters. [100]

See also

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References

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