Future of the Indian Navy

Naval Ensign of India

The Indian Navy has been focusing on developing indigenous platforms, systems, sensors and weapons as part of the nation's modernisation and expansion of its maritime forces. As of December 2024, the Navy has a strength of over 130 warships and 251 aircraft and helicopters while the force plans to have between 155–160 warships by 2030 and between 175–200 warships by 2035. ^{[1] [2]} According to the Chief of the Naval Staff's statement in December 2020, India has transformed from a buyer's navy to a builder's navy. ^{[3] [4]}

Summary

Fleet modernisation and expansion

Indian Navy carrier battle group in formation, demonstrating twin carrier operations (2024)

As of September 2024, the Indian Navy has 66 ships on order of which 50 are under construction in various stages (early fabrication to sea trials) and 12 ships are to be delivered and commissioned over the 12 months of 2025. These ships sum up a tonnage of over 200,000 tons and a value of ₹ 1.1 lakh crore (US$13 billion). The ships are being constructed across 6 shipyards in India while 1 ship is under construction in Russia. The Russian-origin ship is the last warship to be imported for the Navy. ^{[5] [6]} The Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for 31 additional warships have also been granted by the Government. ^{[1] [2]} In April 2025, the Indian Navy signed a contract to procure 26 Dassault Rafale M fighter aircraft for its aircraft carriers, with deliveries scheduled to be completed by 2030. ^[7]

The increasing interest of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy in the Indian Ocean region ^[8] has led the Indian Navy to invest more in anti-submarine ships, such as the Kamorta-class corvette, long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft such as the Boeing P-8 Poseidon and ships such as the Saryu-class patrol vessel ^[9] and unmanned aerial vehicles such as the IAI Heron-1. ^[10] However the lack of a strong submarine fleet has diminished its capabilities to some extent. ^[11] Post-Chinese intrusions into Ladakh in 2020, it has been announced that the Indian Navy plans to upgrade the military facilities in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands on the eastern seaboard as well as Lakshadweep on the western seaboard, with the aim of having a network of island airbases in both the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal which provides an infrastructure which will guarantee freedom of navigation and overflight to all Indian territories. ^[12]

Indigenisation

As for indigenisation, the Indian Navy is following the "Roll-on Plan for 2023-26" while the progress is being monitored by Centre for Indigenisation & Self Reliance (CISR) at Coimbatore. The CISR has two Indigenisation Units (IUs) with one at Visakhapatnam, whose area of responsibility includes the Eastern Naval Command & Andaman and Nicobar Command and the other at Mumbai to supervise Western Naval Command. Three aspects are recognised for evaluating the indigenous content of a ship which includes Float (Hull and its related fittings and components), Move (Engines, Complete propulsions systems, etc.) and Fight (Sensor suites and Weapon systems) categories. As of October 2024, 90%, 60% and 50% of the respective categories have been indigenised. The Navy also plans to increase the indigenous content on already-commissioned frontline warships like INS Vikramaditya, Kalvari-class submarine, Talwar-class frigate and Deepak-class fleet tanker. ^[13] The Indian Navy is also planning to acquire the HAL TEDBF, an indigenous fighter aircraft currently under development, for its aircraft carriers in the 2030s. ^[14]

Index

   This indicates that construction OR procurement has been initiated for at least 1 vessel of this class.
   This indicates that a Request For Information (RFI) has been issued OR commercial negotiations are underway for at least 1 vessel of this class.
   This indicates that the ship class is being considered for future induction, but has not yet been formally approved for procurement.

Submarines

Nuclear Ballistic Missile Submarines (SSBN)

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Boats	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Arihant class		Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN)	3 [15]	India	Planned displacement of 7,000 tonnes [16] for S4 & S4* vessels [17]	1 undergoing sea trials, 1 launched, [18] [19] [20]	Second flight of 3 Arihant-class submarines with eight VLS of SLBMs as against four VLS on the first two submarines. [21] Due to development delays of S5-class, another submarine is planned under Arihant Class. [22]
S5 class		Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN)	3	India	13,500 tonnes	Planned	The SSBN project, budgeted at ₹10,000 crore (US$1.2 billion), is yet to be approved as of September 2024. [23] [24] [25]

Nuclear Attack Submarines (SSN)

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Boats	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Chakra III (Akula-class)		Nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN)	1	Russia	12,770–13,800 tons	Under construction	On 7 March 2019, India and Russia signed a $3 billion deal for the lease of another Akula-class submarine for 10 years. The submarine, dubbed Chakra III, is to be delivered to the Indian Navy by 2028. [26] [27] [28]
Project 77		Nuclear-powered attack submarine (SSN)	6 [29]	India	10,000 tonnes [29]	2 Approved [29]	The Government of India had approved the construction of six such submarines in February 2015.[ citation needed ] These submarines will be designed by the Indian Navy's Warship Design Bureau and indigenously built in the Shipbuilding Centre at Visakhapatnam. The Cabinet Committee on Security cleared the construction of 2 such submarines in October 2024. [30] [29]

Conventional Submarines (SSK)

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Boats	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Kalvari class		Attack submarine	3	India   France	1,800 tonnes	Planned	Contract for 3 more submarines of the Kalvari-class submarines under consideration. [31] [32]
Project 75I class		Attack submarine	6	India   Germany	3,000 – 4,000 tonnes	Planned	Cost negotiations underway; [33] to be designed by MDL-TKMS based on enlarged Type 214. [34]
Project 76 class		Attack submarine	12	India		Planned	Naval Design Bureau was working on SSKs equipped with AIPs in 2022. [35] [36] DRDO started a one-year feasibility study for the project as a continuation of ATV project in July 2024. [37] As of Feb 2025, proposal for CCS approval would be ready by 2 months. Post approval, two to three years would be required for design phase followed by five years for construction and induction. The submarines would be equipped with tubes-launched LACMs and displace 3,000 tonnes. [38]

Others

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Boats	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Swimmer Delivery Vehicle		Midget submarine	5	India	150 tonnes	Planned	Indian Navy will acquire at least 5 midget submarines for use as Swimmer Delivery Vehicles. These submarines will be used for conducting underwater special operations by MARCOS. [39] The project is worth ₹2,000 crore (equivalent to ₹32 billionorUS$380 million in 2023). [40]
Extra Large Unmanned Underwater Vessel		Unmanned underwater vehicle	12 [41]	India	>100 tonnes	Planned	Ministry of Defence cleared ₹ 2,500 crore (US$300 million) project for development and procurement of XLUUVs under Make-1 category in September 2024. Shall be capable of ISR, anti-submarine warfare, anti-surface warfare and mine warfare (mine laying and mine clearing). [42] [43] Construction of Jalkapi XLUUV by Krishna Defence and Allied Industries Ltd (KDAIL) in Halol, Gujarat began with the plate-cutting ceremony on 10 June 2025. [44]

Ships

Aircraft carriers

Name	Picture	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Vikrant-class		1	India	45,000 tonnes	Planned	Indian Navy had been pushing for a 65,000 tonne carrier, but the demand has been put on hold due to expenses and technologies needed on board. So now Navy is considering another 45,000-tonne class carrier, same as INS Vikrant, but with more indigenous systems and better propulsions.[ citation needed ]
INS Vishal		1	India	65,000–75,000 tonnes [45]	Planned [46]	Estimated to be equipped with an Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) CATOBAR system. Will have significant changes and greater size compare to INS Vikrant. Initially nuclear propulsion was planned, but this was later changed to an integrated electric propulsion system due to the complexities involved in developing a nuclear reactor with a capacity of 500 to 550 megawatts that would possibly take 15 to 20 years. [47] [48] Since the Indian navy has preferred the construction of the nuclear powered Project 75 Alpha and the conventionally powered Project 75I class submarines, INS Vishal will be seen as a replacement of the INS Vikramaditya. [49] [50] [51] [52]

Amphibious warfare ships

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Future Landing Platform Dock (LPD)		Landing helicopter dock	4	India	30,000–40,000 tonnes	Planned	Indian Navy has released RFI for 4 LPDs to be made by Indian shipyards. Integrated Full Electric Propulsion (IFEP) is expected. Ships will have 4×AK-630 with Electro Optical Fire control system, 8x Medium Machine Gun, 6×Heavy Machine Gun, Advanced towed decoy system, 16×SSM, 32×VL-SRSAM, 2×Heavy Lift Helicopters, 12×Special Ops Helicopters and 2×NSUAS etc. [53]
High Speed Landing Craft		Landing Craft	6	India	285 tonnes	Planned	In September 2017, the Navy issued a RFI to acquire six landing craft capable of supporting assault missions and transporting equipment, vehicles & troops. [54] [55]

Destroyers (DDG)

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Project 18 class		Stealth guided missile destroyer	8–10	India	10,000 to 13,000 tonnes	Planned	A planned class of 8-10 Project 18 class destroyers, as a follow-on of Visakhapatnam class. [56] [57] [58]

Frigates (FFG)

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Nilgiri-class		Stealth guided missile frigate	7	India	6,670 tonnes	3 in service 4 launched	Out of the 4 remaining ships, two are being constructed by Mazagon Dock and Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers each.
Talwar-class		Stealth guided missile frigate	2	India	4,035 tonnes	Launched	The two pending vessels are from the ship class's Batch 4 and are being constructed by Goa Shipyard. [59] [60] [61]
Project 17B-class		Stealth guided missile frigate	7–8	India	8,000 tonnes	Planned [62]	The project, worth ₹ 70,000 crore (US$8.3 billion), was cleared by the Ministry of Defence (MoD). [63] [64] Request for Proposal expected soon as of 8 July 2025. [65]

Corvettes

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Anti Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft		Corvette (ASW)	15	India	700–1,000 tonnes	1 undergoing sea trials, 11 launched 3 under construction	Designed for ASW roles in coastal waters. Out of the pending ships of this class, seven are being constructed by GRSE and eight by Cochin Shipyard. [66] [67] [68] [69]
Next Generation Missile Vessels		Corvette (ASuW)	6	India	1,437 tonnes	1 under construction 5 planned	The contract for acquisition of six Next Generation Missile Vessels (NGMV) was signed with Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) at a cost of Rs 9,805 crore. The delivery of ships is scheduled to commence from March 2027 . [70]
Next generation corvette		Corvette	8	India	3,500 tonnes	Planned	In May 2025, Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers secured the lowest bidder (L1) position for constructing five Next Generation Corvettes (NGC) for the Indian Navy, under a ₹36,000 crore (US$4.3 billion) program approved by the Defence Acquisition Council. The contract for GRSE, valued at over ₹25,000 crore (US$3.0 billion), covers five of the eight NGCs, with the remaining three to be built by the second-lowest bidder (L2) at the same unit cost. [71]

Mine countermeasure vessels

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Mine Counter Measure Vessels (MCMV)		Minesweeper	12	India	2,800 Tons	Planned	On 3 July 2025, the Defence Acquisition Council authorised the Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for the project. [72] [73]

Multi Purpose Vessel

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Samarthak-class		Multi Purpose Vessel (MPV)	2	India	3,750 tonnes	2 Launched	On 25 March 2022, the Ministry of Defence signed a contract with Larsen & Toubro for acquisition of Two Multi-Purpose Vessels (MPVs) to be used for multi-role support functions such as maritime surveillance & patrol, launching/ recovery of torpedoes and operation of various types of aerial, surface and underwater targets for Gunnery/ ASW firing exercises at a cost of ₹ 887 crore (equivalent to ₹940 croreorUS$110 million in 2023). [74] [75]
Next Generation Multi-Purpose Vessels		Multi Purpose Vessel (MPV)	2	India		2 Planned	Request for Proposal expected soon as of 8 July 2025. [65]

Patrol vessels

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Next-Generation Offshore Patrol Vessel		Offshore patrol vessel	11	India	2,500 tonnes	8 under construction 3 planned [76] [77] [78]	The contract for acquisition of 11 Next Generation Offshore Patrol Vessels under Buy (Indian-IDDM) category was signed with Goa Shipyard Ltd (GSL) and Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) at a total cost of Rs 9,781 crore. The delivery of the ships is scheduled to commence from September 2026. [70] [78]
New Water Jet Fast Attack Craft (NWJFAC)		Fast Attack Craft	31	India	325 tonnes	Planned	Follow on water jet fast interceptor craft. The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) granted an Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for the procurement of 31 NWJFACs on 3rd December 2024. [79] [80] [81]
FIC-1		Fast Interceptor Craft	120	India		Planned	Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) approved the procurement on 3 December 2024. Among their many functions is the escort of high-value units, such as aircraft carriers, destroyers, frigates, and submarines for coastal defense. [79] [80] [81]

Replenishment ships

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
HSL class		Fleet replenishment oiler	5	India	45,000 tonnes	4 under construction, 1 planned	Approved in 2014. [82] [83] Contract signed in August 2023. All ships to be delivered between 2027 [84] and 2031. [85]

Survey vessels

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Sandhayak class		Survey vessel	1	India	3,300 tonnes	1 Launched	In September 2017, GRSE won a bid for ₹2,500 crore (US$300 million). [86] [87] Contract signed in October 2018. [88]
Next Generation survey Vessel		Survey vessel	5	India		Planned	Acceptance of Necessity (AoN), worth ₹ 3,300 crore (US$390 million), cleared by the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) on 15 September 2023. [89] [90]

Miscellaneous

Class	Picture	Type	No. of Ships	Origin	Displacement	Status	Note
Matangi		Unmanned surface vehicle	12	India		Under sea trials [91]	Contract signed with Sagar Defence Engineering for armed autonomous boat swarms on 8 January 2023. Roles include high-speed interdiction; surveillance; constabulary operations; and Command, Control, Communications, Computers (C4) Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR). [92] [93] Pre-delivery trials began in late October 2024 in Mumbai. [91] A Matangi started a sea transit from Mumbai to Tuticorin (1,500 km (810 nmi)) in Autonomous mode, using the indigenous 'navigation & collision avoidance software'. [94]
Compact Autonomous Surface Craft		Unmanned surface vehicle	—	India	—	Cleared by the MoD	The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) cleared the acquisition of these vessels on 5 August 2025. The vessels will be used in ASW roles to detect, classify and neutralise threats. [95] [96]
Nistar class		Diving support vessel	1	India	9,350 tonnes [97]	1 Launched	In December 2017, Hindustan Shipyard won a bid to build two ships for ₹2,019 crore (US$240 million). Contract for the same was signed in September 2018. Keel laid for the first vessel in December 2019. Both the ships (Nistar & Nipun) have been launched on 22 September 2022. [98] [99] [100]
L&T-class Cadet Training Ship		Training vessel	3	India	4,700 tonnes	Under construction	Union Cabinet has accorded approval to sign a contract with Larsen & Toubro for acquisition of three Cadet Training Ships, at an overall cost of Rs 3,108.09 crore. The delivery of ships is scheduled to commence from 2026. [101] Keel of first ship laid on 9 February 2024. [102] Steel cutting ceremony of third ship on 20 April 2024. [103]
National Hospital Ship (NHS)		Hospital Ship	1	India	Unknown	Planned	One National Hospital Ship is proposed to be acquired. The anticipated delivery timelines for the first vessel is maximum of 48 months from the date of contract. [104]
Diving support craft (DSC)		Diving support craft	5	India	300 tonnes	2 launched 3 under construction [105]	A contract for five Diving Support Craft (DSC) has been signed by Indian Navy with M/s Titagarh Rail Systems Ltd, Kolkata on 12 Feb 21. [106]
		Tugboat	4	India		Under construction	10-tonne bollard pull tugs being constructed at Hindustan Shipyard [107] [108]
Bhishm class			4			Launched	25-tonne bollard pull tugs being constructed at Titagarh Rail Systems, Kolkata. [109]
IRS-class ACTCM barge		ACTCM / MCA Barges	19	India		18 Delivered 1 Under construction [110]	The contract for building 11 × Ammunition Cum Torpedo Cum Missile (ACTCM) Barge was signed between MoD and M/s Suryadipta Projects Pvt Ltd, Thane on 05 Mar 2021. [111] [112] The contract for building 08 x Missile Cum Ammunition (MCA) Barge was signed between MoD and M/s SECON Engineering Projects Pvt Ltd, Visakhapatnam on 19 Feb 2021. [113] All barges are numbered with LSAM. The only difference is naming for the contract for M/s Suryadipta Projects Pvt Ltd, and M/s SECON Engineering Projects Pvt Ltd. Both ACTCM / MCA have same dimensions.

Aircraft

See also: Indian Naval Air Arm § Future aircraft

Type	Picture	Role	No. of airframes	Origin	Status	Note
Twin Engine Deck Based Fighter (TEDBF)		Carrier-based multirole fighter	N/A	India	Design Phase	The first flight of the TEDBF is targeted for 2025–26 with the fighter expected to be inducted into the Navy by 2032.
Dassault Rafale			26	France	On order	The acquisition is a part of the  Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighters programme to acquire 57 fighter jets for Carrier Air Wing of INS Vikrant. The quantity was later reduced to 26 jets. [114] Rafale-M was chosen over the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet in 2023. [115] The deal was signed in April 2025. [116]
Naval Shipborne Unmanned Aerial System (NSUAS)		Unmanned Rotorcraft/Shipborne UAV	40		Planned	Proposal to buy 10 NSUAS for around ₹ 1,300 crores cleared by the government in 2021. [117] RFI to purchase total of 40 units released in 2023. [118] [119]
Multi Utility Long Endurance Drone (MULE)					Under development	Contract signed with Altair Infrasec for MULE RPA which will be a NSUAS class UAV. [120] [121] Primary Roles: C4, ISTAR, SIGNIT, COMINT and Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) operations for a Task Force. Secondary Roles: Anti-piracy, Anti-terrorist activities and assistance in Search and Rescue (SAR). Payloads: EO/IR, AIS, Maritime Patrol Radar, EW and communication relay with a capacity of >50 kg (110 lb). Endurance: >12 hours.
IAI-HAL NRUAV				India Israel	Planned	[122]
MQ-9B SeaGuardian		Unmanned combat aerial vehicle	2 in service (on lease) 15 more on order. [123]	United States	On order	The final deal was signed on 15 October 2024. [123]
NewSpace Abhimanyu		Loyal Wingman/ Unmanned combat aerial vehicle		India	Under Development	Contract signed for development and procurement of specified number of systems. [124]
NewSpace Arka		High altitude pseudo-satellite		India	Under Development	Contract signed for design & development of indigenous High Altitude Pseudo-Satellite (HAPS) for Indian Navy. [125]
Dornier 228		Anti-submarine warfare, Maritime patrol	12	Germany   India	29 in service 6 on order	These aircraft will be equipped with advanced sensors, glass cockpit, advanced surveillance radar, ELINT, optical sensors and networking features. [126]
Boeing P-8I Neptune		Reconnaissance, ASW, ASuW	12 in service 6 more planned	United States	More planned	[127] [128]
EADS C-295		Anti-submarine warfare/ Maritime patrol	9	European Union   India	Planned	Medium-range maritime reconnaissance (MRMR) aircraft: The Indian Navy issued an RFP for six medium-range maritime reconnaissance (MRMR) aircraft. The possible contenders were the ATR-72MP/ATR-42MP, the EADS C-295MPA/C-235MPA, the Dassault's Falcon 900MPA and the Embraer P-99A. The procurement number has been enhanced to 9 as per news reports in February 2012. [129] The C-295 was eventually chosen. They will be equipped with advanced sensors, glass cockpit, advanced surveillance radar, ELINT, optical sensors and networking features. [130] Ministry of Defence has given clearance for procurement on 16 February 2024. [131] [132]
ShinMaywa US-2		STOL Amphibious Aircraft	12	Japan	Planned	As of April 2018 Indian Navy intends to acquire 12 US-2 amphibian aircraft for conducting long-range search-and-rescue operations at cost of $1.65 billion. Two US-2 will be directly imported and remaining 10 will be assembled locally in India. [133] In April 2018, Mahindra Defence signed an MoU with ShinMaywa Industries Ltd. to manufacture and assemble the aircraft, and set up MRO facility in India. [134] [135]
Sikorsky MH-60R Romeo		Multi-Role Helicopter	24	United States	19 delivered [136] 5 on order [136]	The helicopters will replace the ageing Sea King helicopters. They are equipped with Mark 54 torpedoes and Hellfire air-to-surface missiles, along with precision-kill rockets. India signed a ₹ 15,157 crore (equivalent to ₹180 billionorUS$2.1 billion in 2023) contract for the MH-60Rs in February 2020. [137]
Naval Multi-Role Helicopter		Multi-Role Helicopter	60	India	Under development	Deck Based Multi Role Helicopter being developed to replace Sea King and augment MH-60R. [138]
Naval Multi-Role Helicopter		Multi-Role Helicopter	123	India	Planned	Requirement issued to HAL [139]
Naval Utility Helicopter		Utility helicopter	51	India	Planned	To replace HAL Chetak with 5-tonne twin-engine helicopters. [139] Initially, 111 helicopters were envisioned. [140] HAL is developing 5.8-tonne Utility Helicopter-Marine. Procurement from US, France being considered as per reports. [141] In Aug '25, the MoD released an RFI to procure 76 Naval Utility Helicopters meant for the Navy (51) and the Coast Guard (25). These will be assigned for roles like maritime SAR, CASEVAC, communication duties, and low-intensity maritime operations. [142] [143]
Boeing V-22 Osprey		Tiltrotor military transport aircraft	N/A	United States	Planned	V-22's airborne early warning and control variant may replace the short-range Kamov Ka-31. [144] [145]

Coastal Missile Systems

Name	Picture	Role	Warhead	Origin	Status	Ref
Supersonic Missile Assisted Release of Torpedo (SMART)		Long-range ASM	Conventional Torpedo	India	Under development	[146]
Long Range – Anti Ship Missile (LRAShM)		Long range AsuW	Hypersonic Glide Vehicle	India	Under development	[147]

See also

• List of active Indian Navy ships
• Future of the Indian Air Force
• Weapon systems of the Indian Navy

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