Patrol boat

Last updated
Fateh, a Diciotti-class offshore patrol vessel in service with the Iraqi Navy Iraqi Patrol boat Fatah.jpg
Fateh, a Diciotti-class offshore patrol vessel in service with the Iraqi Navy

A patrol boat (also referred to as a patrol craft, patrol ship, or patrol vessel) is a relatively small naval vessel generally designed for coastal defence, border security, or law enforcement. There are many designs for patrol boats, and they generally range in size. They may be operated by a nation's navy, coast guard, police, or customs, and may be intended for marine ("blue water"), estuarine ("green water"), or river ("brown water") environments.

Contents

Per their name, patrol boats are primarily used to patrol a country's exclusive economic zone (EEZ), but they may also be used in other roles, such as anti-smuggling, anti-piracy, fishery patrols, immigration law enforcement, or search and rescue. Depending on the size, organization, and capabilities of a nation's armed forces, the importance of patrol boats may range from minor support vessels that are part of a coast guard, to flagships that make up a majority of a navy's fleet. Their small size and relatively low cost make them one of the most common naval vessels in the world.

Classification

Kawachi, a patrol boat in service with the Osaka Prefectural Police Police patrol boat Kawachi.JPG
Kawachi, a patrol boat in service with the Osaka Prefectural Police

The classification of a patrol boat is often subjective, but they are generally small naval vessels that are used to patrol national waters or a certain jurisdiction. They may be as large as a corvette or even a frigate, though the term may also be used for vessels as small as a yacht or rigid inflatable boat. They can include fast attack craft, torpedo boats, and missile boats. They may be broadly classified as inshore patrol vessels (IPVs) or offshore patrol vessels (OPVs). OPVs and medium size cutters are usually the smallest ship in a navy's fleet that are large and seaworthy enough to patrol off-shore in the open ocean, while IPVs are typically too small to do so and are instead kept in lakes or rivers, or close to coasts; IPVs specifically used in rivers can also be called "riverine patrol vessels". Large patrol vessels, Heavy patrol vessels and Large cutters are the largest type of patrol ships and are typically more than 100 m (330 ft) in length.

Seagoing patrol boats are typically around 30 m (100 ft) in length and usually carry a single medium caliber artillery gun as main armament, and a variety of lighter secondary armament such as machine guns, while others include the sophisticated close-in weapon system. Depending on their role, vessels in this class may also have more sophisticated sensors and fire control systems that would enable them to carry torpedoes, anti-ship missiles, and surface-to-air missiles. [1]

History

PCE-872, a World War II patrol craft escort of the U.S. Navy Pce-872c.jpg
PCE-872, a World War II patrol craft escort of the U.S. Navy

During both World Wars, in order to rapidly build up numbers, all sides created auxiliary patrol boats by arming motorboats and seagoing fishing trawlers with machine guns and obsolete naval weapons. Some modern patrol vessels are still based on fishing and leisure boats.

The United States Navy operated the Pegasus class of armed hydrofoils for years in a patrol boat role. During the Vietnam War, the U.S. Navy ordered 193 aluminum hulled Patrol Craft, Fast (PCFs), [2] also known as Swiftboats, for brown water naval operations. The Patrol Boat, River (PBR, sometimes called "Riverine" and "Pibber") was a fiberglass hulled vessel also designed and used for inland river operations during the Vietnam War, and became an icon of water operations during the war due to its use in the 1979 film Apocalypse Now .

Most modern designs are powered by gas turbine arrangements such as CODAG, and speeds are generally in the 25–30 knots (46–56 km/h; 29–35 mph) range. The largest OPVs might also have a flight deck and helicopter embarked. In times of crisis or war, these vessels are expected to support the larger vessels in a navy, though some smaller navies are mostly composed of just patrol boats.

Specific nations

Albania

Iliria, an example of a modern patrol boat of the Albanian Naval Force Patrol Boat Iliria.jpg
Iliria, an example of a modern patrol boat of the Albanian Naval Force

Albanian Naval Force

Algeria

Algerian National Navy

Argentina

Argentine Naval Prefecture's GC67 patrol vessel Rio Uruguay garde cote argentin.jpg
Argentine Naval Prefecture's GC67 patrol vessel

Argentine Naval Prefecture

Argentine Navy

Australia

Royal Australian Navy

HMAS Armidale of the Royal Australian Navy HMAS Armidale Darling Harbour.jpg
HMAS Armidale of the Royal Australian Navy

Australian Border Force Marine Unit

Others

Bahamas

Royal Bahamas Defence Force

Bahrain

Royal Bahrain Naval Force

35m Fast Patrol Vessels- USA -built by Swiftships, Commissioned in 2021 [4]

Bangladesh

The Bangladesh Navy classified its medium size patrol ships as large patrol craft (LPC) which are armed with either anti-ship missiles or torpedoes. Those ships typically have heavier armaments but less range than OPVs. [5] [6]

Bangladesh Navy

Large patrol craft
Offshore patrol vessel
Inshore patrol vessel
ASW patrol boat
Patrol gunboat

Bangladesh Coast Guard

Leader-class OPVs of Bangladesh Coast Guard Coast Guard Ship (Bangladesh).jpg
Leader-class OPVs of Bangladesh Coast Guard
Offshore patrol vessel
Inshore patrol vessel
Fast patrol vessel
Coastal patrol vessel
Riverine patrol craft

Border Guard Bangladesh

Patrol vessel

Barbados

Barbados Coast Guard

Belgium

Brazil

Brunei

Bulgaria

Canada

Royal Canadian Navy

Canadian Coast Guard

Cape Verde

Cape Verdean Coast Guard

Chile

Chilean Navy

Cabo Odger (OPV-84), a OPV-80-class offshore patrol vessel of the Chilean Navy Botadura al mar de la embarcacion "Cabo Odger" (28640402542).jpg
Cabo Odger (OPV-84), a OPV-80-class offshore patrol vessel of the Chilean Navy

China (PRC)

People's Liberation Army Navy

China Coast Guard

Colombia

ARC Juan Ricardo Oyola Vera, a PAV-IV-class patrol boat of the Colombian National Navy ARC Juan Ricardo Oyola Vera.jpg
ARC Juan Ricardo Oyola Vera, a PAV-IV-class patrol boat of the Colombian National Navy

Colombian Navy

  • Diligente-class patrol boat
  • Nodriza-class patrol boat
  • PAF-I-class patrol boat
  • PAF-II-class patrol boat
  • PAF-III-class patrol boat
  • PAF-IV-class patrol boat
  • Patrullera Fluvial Ligera-class patrol boat
  • Riohacha-class gunboat
  • Fassmer-80 class – built in Colombia by COTECMAR

Croatia

Denmark

HDMS Storen (P555), a Flyvefisken-class patrol vessel with the Royal Danish Navy RDN P555 Storen 1.jpg
HDMS Støren (P555), a Flyvefisken-class patrol vessel with the Royal Danish Navy

Royal Danish Navy

Ecuador

Ecuadorian Navy

Egypt

Egyptian Navy

  • 35m Fast Patrol Vessels- USA -built by Swiftships

Eritrea

Eritrean Navy

Others

Finland

Kurki (51), a Kiisla-class patrol boat with the Finnish Navy Kurki 51 patrol craft in Suomenlinna 2.JPG
Kurki (51), a Kiisla-class patrol boat with the Finnish Navy

Finnish Navy

Finnish Border Guard

France

Maritime Gendarmerie Vedette class patrol boat Patrouilleur Gendarmerie Maritime.jpg
Maritime Gendarmerie Vedette class patrol boat

French Navy

Maritime Gendarmerie

  • Trident-class patrol boat
  • Géranium-class patrol boat
  • Jonquille-class patrol boat
  • Vedette-class patrol boat
  • Pétulante-class patrol craft
  • Pavois-class patrol craft

Germany

New Bundespolizei offshore patrol vessel BP 81 Potsdam 2019-10-03 - TDE - BP 81 - Potsdam.jpg
New Bundespolizei offshore patrol vessel BP 81 Potsdam

Greece

Hellenic Navy HSY-56A gunboat HS Aittitos 20080702-Faliron-HS Aittitos P-268.jpg
Hellenic Navy HSY-56A gunboat HS Aittitos

Hellenic Navy

Hellenic Coast Guard

  • Sa'ar 4 class [14] – acting as offshore patrol vessels (OPV)
  • Stan Patrol 5509 OPV
  • Vosper Europatrol 250 Mk1 OPV
  • Abeking & Rasmussen patrol vessels – class Dilos
  • POB-24G patrol vessels – class Faiakas
  • CB90-HCG
  • Lambro 57 and derivatives – all being boats for coastal patrols

Honduras

Honduran Navy

Hong Kong (SARPRC)

Sea Panther (PL 3), a Sea Panther-class large command boat with the Hong Kong Police Marine Unit HKPF Police Boat 3.JPG
Sea Panther (PL 3), a Sea Panther-class large command boat with the Hong Kong Police Marine Unit

Hong Kong Police Force

Iceland

Icelandic Coast Guard

India

The Indian Coast Guard's offshore patrol vessel ICGS Samarth at sea. ICGS-Samarath.jpg
The Indian Coast Guard's offshore patrol vessel ICGS Samarth at sea.
INS Sunayna (P57) returns to Kochi post an 80-day anti piracy patrol in the Gulf of Aden INS Sunayna returns to Kochi post an 80 day anti piracy patrol in the Gulf of Aden.jpg
INS Sunayna (P57) returns to Kochi post an 80-day anti piracy patrol in the Gulf of Aden

Indian Navy

Indian Coast Guard

Indonesia

KN Tanjung Datu (1101) of the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency KN Tanjung Datu (1101), Indonesian Maritime Security Agency, 23 march 2018.jpg
KN Tanjung Datu (1101) of the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency

Iraq

Iraqi Navy

35m Fast Patrol Vessels- USA -built by Swiftships, during the period 2010–2014 [15]

Ireland

List of Irish Naval Service vessels; [16]

Israel

Slovenian Navy HPL-21, an example of the Israeli-made Super Dvora Mk II-class patrol boat also in service with the Israeli Navy HPL-21 Ankaran.jpg
Slovenian Navy HPL-21, an example of the Israeli-made Super Dvora Mk II-class patrol boat also in service with the Israeli Navy

Italy

Italian Navy Comandanti-class Cigala Fulgosi Cigala Fulgosi (P 490).jpg
Italian Navy Comandanti-class Cigala Fulgosi
Italian Coast Guard patrol boat U. Diciotti, CP-902 CP-902-Aug2008.jpg
Italian Coast Guard patrol boat U. Diciotti, CP-902

Jamaica

JDF Coast Guard

Japan

Shikishima (Japan Coast Guard), the 2nd largest patrol boat in the world JapanCoastGuard Shikishima.jpg
Shikishima (Japan Coast Guard), the 2nd largest patrol boat in the world
Japan Coast Guard Hida Japan Coast Guard PL51 Hida 2.jpg
Japan Coast Guard Hida

Latvia

Malaysia

Malta

Protector class patrol boat P52 of the Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta. Malta - Gzira - Lazzaretto Creek (MSTHC) 02 ies.jpg
Protector class patrol boat P52 of the Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta.

Mexico

ARM Oaxaca, lead boat of the Oaxaca-class. A.R.M. Oaxaca (P161).JPG
ARM Oaxaca, lead boat of the Oaxaca-class.
Durango-class offshore patrol vessels in formation. Marina Michoacan.jpg
Durango-class offshore patrol vessels in formation.

Mexican Navy

Montenegro

Kotor class frigate of the Montenegrin Navy Fregata klasa Kotor P34.jpg
Kotor class frigate of the Montenegrin Navy

Morocco

Royal Moroccan NavyOPV-70 Tonnerres de Brest 2012 - Bir Anzarane - 001.JPG
Royal Moroccan NavyOPV-70

Namibia

Netherlands

Royal Netherlands Navy

HNLMS Holland (P840) from Holland Class of the Dutch Navy HNLMS Holland.jpg
HNLMS Holland (P840) from Holland Class of the Dutch Navy

Netherlands Coastguard

Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard

New Zealand

Nicaragua

Nicaraguan Navy

Norway

Royal Norwegian Navy

Norwegian Coast Guard

NoCGV Tor (W334 KYSTVAKT) from Nornen Class of the Norwegian Coast Guard Kv Tor.jpg
NoCGV Tor (W334 KYSTVAKT) from Nornen Class of the Norwegian Coast Guard

Peru

Philippines

Philippine Navy

Jacinto-class patrol vessel BRP Artemio Ricarte (PS-37), Philippine Navy BRP Artemio Ricarte PS37.jpg
Jacinto-class patrol vessel BRP Artemio Ricarte (PS-37), Philippine Navy
Gregorio del Pilar-class surveillance-frigate BRP Gregorio Del Pilar (PS-15), Philippine Navy PF-15 and SARV-002 CARAT 2013.jpg
Gregorio del Pilar-class surveillance-frigate BRP Gregorio Del Pilar (PS-15), Philippine Navy

Philippine Coast Guard

Ilocos Norte-class patrol boat, Philippine Coast Guard BRP 3503 - Romblon.jpg
Ilocos Norte-class patrol boat, Philippine Coast Guard
Parola-class patrol vessel, Philippine Coast Guard BRP Tubbataha.jpg
Parola-class patrol vessel, Philippine Coast Guard
San Juan-class patrol vessel, Philippine Coast Guard BRP 002 - EDSA II.jpg
San Juan-class patrol vessel, Philippine Coast Guard
Gabriela Silang-class offshore patrol vessel, Philippine Coast Guard BRP Gabriela Silang (OPV-8301).jpg
Gabriela Silang-class offshore patrol vessel, Philippine Coast Guard

Portugal

NRP Viana do Castelo, offshore patrol vessel of the Portuguese Navy Npop360.jpg
NRP Viana do Castelo, offshore patrol vessel of the Portuguese Navy

Portuguese Navy

Maritime Police

  • Bolina-class
  • Levante-class
  • Tufão-class
  • Calmaria-class

National Republican Guard

  • Bojador-class
  • Ribamar-class
  • Zodíaco-class
  • Mar Creta-class

Qatar

Qatari Emiri Navy

Qatari Ministry of Interior

  • ARES 75
  • ARES 110
  • ARES 150

Romania

Russia

Russian Coast Guard Rubin class patrol boat Zhemchug on the Almaz Shipbuilding Company Coast guard boat in SPB.jpg
Russian Coast Guard Rubin class patrol boat Zhemchug on the Almaz Shipbuilding Company

Senegal

Fouladou, OPV 190 from Senegalese navy Fouladou Senegal Patrol.jpg
Fouladou, OPV 190 from Senegalese navy

Singapore

Police Coast Guard third generation PT Class Flower Ray (PT65) conducting a sea-rescue demonstration Police Coast Guard PT.jpg
Police Coast Guard third generation PT Class Flower Ray (PT65) conducting a sea-rescue demonstration

Slovenia

South Africa

An Israeli Sa'ar 4-class missile boat, called the Warrior-class strike craft in the South African Navy US Navy 100315-N-4774B-200 The Chilean navy Sa'ar 4-class fast-attack craft Angamos and Casma perform tactical maneuvering exercises in the Strait Of Magellan.jpg
An Israeli Sa'ar 4-class missile boat, called the Warrior-class strike craft in the South African Navy

South Korea (ROK)

Spain

Meteoro (P-41) Meteoro P41.jpg
Meteoro (P-41)

Sri Lanka

Suriname

Sweden

HSwMS Stockholm (PC-11), a Stockholm-class corvette with the Royal Swedish Navy HMS Stockholm in Kalmar.JPG
HSwMS Stockholm (PC-11), a Stockholm-class corvette with the Royal Swedish Navy

Additionally, the Royal Swedish Navy also operates smaller types of patrol boats (Swedish: bevakningsbåt = "guard boat"):

The Swedish Coast Guard operate an additional 22 patrol vessels for maritime surveillance.

Taiwan (Republic of China)

Republic of China Navy

Coast Guard Administration

Thailand

Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard

Turkey

Turkish TCG Karabiga (P-1205), one of the Tuzla-class patrol boats Tuzla Sinifi Karakol Gemisi.jpg
Turkish TCG Karabiga (P-1205), one of the Tuzla-class patrol boats

Turkish Naval Forces

Coast Guard Command

  • KAAN 15 class
  • KAAN 19 class
  • KAAN 29 class
  • KAAN 33 class
  • SAR 33 class
  • SAR 35 class
  • 80 class
  • Corvette

United Kingdom

Two River class offshore patrol vessels of the Royal Navy Korvetten River-Klasse 7951.jpg
Two River class offshore patrol vessels of the Royal Navy

United States

United States Navy

USS Firebolt (PC-10), a United States Navy Cyclone-class patrol ship USS Firebolt (PC-10) 2.jpg
USS Firebolt (PC-10), a United States Navy Cyclone-class patrol ship

United States Coast Guard

Venezuela

Naiguata during sea trials Arbv GC23.jpg
Naiguatá during sea trials

Vietnam

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