Kingston-class coastal defence vessel

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HMCS Edmonton Portland Fleet Week 2017 1.jpg
HMCS Edmonton in June 2017
Class overview
NameKingston class
Builders Halifax Shipyards Ltd., Halifax, Nova Scotia
OperatorsNaval ensign of Canada.svg  Royal Canadian Navy
Preceded by Anticosti class
Built1994–1998
In commission21 September 1996–present
Completed12
Active12
General characteristics
Type Coastal defence vessel
Displacement970  t (950 long tons)
Length
  • 55.31 m (181 ft 6 in) oa
  • 49 m (160 ft 9 in) pp
Beam11.3 m (37 ft 1 in)
Draught3.42 m (11 ft 3 in)
Propulsion
Speed15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Range5,000  nmi (9,300 km; 5,800 mi)
Complement47 max
Sensors and
processing systems
  • Kelvin Hughes Nucleus S-band surface search radar
  • Towed high-frequency sidescan sonar
  • Remote-control Mine Hunting System (RMHS)
  • Magnetic degaussing system
Armament
Aircraft carried AeroVironment RQ-20 Puma UAS

The Kingston class consists of 12 coastal defence vessels operated by the Royal Canadian Navy. The class is the name for the Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel Project (MCDV). These multi-role vessels were built and launched from the mid- to late-1990s and are crewed by a combination of Naval Reserve and Regular Force personnel. The main missions of the vessels are reservist training, coastal patrol, minesweeping, law enforcement, pollution surveillance and search and rescue. The multi-purpose nature of the vessels led to their mixed construction between commercial and naval standards. The Kingston class is split between the east and west coasts of Canada and regularly deploy overseas to West Africa, Europe, Central America and the Caribbean.

Contents

In August 2023 it was reported that the Canadian Department of National Defence had "initiated the project to inform timely governmental decision-making about a potential replacement for the Kingston-class." [1]

Background

The Kingston class was the result of the Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel Project (MCDV) in the late 1980s. The project came about due to four influences, along with restrictions. The vessels in use by the Canadian Forces Naval Reserve were ageing and needed replacement. At the time, the Maritime Command was using old Mackenzie-class destroyers, Bay-class minesweepers and Porte-class gate vessels to train reservists, with the vast majority of the ships having begun service in the 1950s and early 1960s. The navy lacked a mine warfare capability. Furthermore, the new Halifax-class frigates were not capable of inshore and restricted area patrol and finally, the government sought to keep the shipbuilding efforts ongoing, as the frigate program was already well underway. [2]

The MCDV project was also the culmination of a series of political promises offered by then Minister of National Defence Gilles Lamontagne. The government sought to move the National Reserve Headquarters from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Quebec City, Quebec, as part of their effort to increase French representation in the armed forces. The move was to provide a site where French-Canadians could live and work in their native language. Lamontagne faced opposition within the Forces due to Quebec City being far from the existing naval bases and the waters around it freezing during winter months. Lamontagne promised to replace the ships for naval reserve training in order to move the project forward. [3] The program began in the 1987 National Defence White Paper under the concept of "Total Force". This was intended to mask reductions in the regular force by increasing the capabilities of the reserve forces. This led the navy to add minesweeping and coastal patrol duties to the reserve force's list of duties. [4]

Design and description

There were five main criteria for the design. The ships had to be built in Canada, they had to be inexpensive to build, they had to be operable by naval reservists, the design had to have role flexibility included, and they had to be inexpensive to operate. This was exemplified by the Royal Navy's River-class minesweeper which was operated by the Royal Navy Reserve. [2] The design originally called for steel-hulled mine countermeasures vessels and training ships. The Kingston class was built to naval standards in stability and maneuverability, and in the magazines; but otherwise only to commercial standards, to reduce costs. [5] The ships' mixed construction is visible in their two square, separated funnels, which were cheaper to manufacture, and their poor seakeeping and large radar signature. [2] [5] The vessels were re-designated MCDV from MM (General Mine Warfare Vessel) when two follow-on programmes of purely minesweeper/hunters were cancelled, denoting their mixed duties. [6]

HMCS Brandon's bridge, with the ship's sensors and radar placed on top of it HMCS Brandon (MM 710) bridge 1.JPG
HMCS Brandon's bridge, with the ship's sensors and radar placed on top of it

The ships have a standard displacement of 772 tonnes (760 long tons ) light and 979 t (964 long tons) fully loaded. During sea trials, the vessels were found to be top heavy and a further 9 t (8.9 long tons) of permanent ballast was added. The Kingston class measure 55.31 metres (181 ft 6 in) long overall and 49 m (160 ft 9 in) between perpendiculars with a beam of 11.3 m (37 ft 1 in) and a draught of 3.42 m (11 ft 3 in). The vessels have a maximum crew of 47, with crew sizes changing depending on the vessel's task. [5] [7] The crew is a mix of reservists and regular force personnel, with the regular force personnel assigned to engine room and electronics tasks. [2] The Kingston class are equipped with Kelvin Hughes Nucleus S-band surface search radar. [5]

Wartsila diesel engine aboard HMCS Yellowknife c. 2008 WartsilaV12.jpg
Wärtsilä diesel engine aboard HMCS Yellowknifec.2008

The Kingston class use an electric drive system that is powered by four Wärtsilä UD 23V12 diesel engines which are coupled to four Jeumont ANR 53-50-4 alternators, creating 715 kilowatts each. Two Jeumont C1 560 L electric motors provide power to the two LIPS FS-100 Z-drive azimuth thrusters which are fitted with fixed-pitch reversing propellers. In total the system creates 3,064 shaft horsepower (2,285  kW ) and a maximum speed of 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph). When minesweeping, the vessels have a maximum speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). The Kingston class have a range of 5,000 nautical miles (9,300 km; 5,800 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) and have an endurance of 18 days. [5] [7]

A Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun aboard HMCS Brandon HMCS Brandon (MM 710) Bofors 40 mm.JPG
A Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun aboard HMCS Brandon

The Kingston class were initially armed with a single Bofors 40-millimetre (1.6 in)/60 calibre [lower-alpha 1] Mk 1N/1 anti-aircraft gun mounted in a Mk 5C Boffin mount and two single 12.7 mm (0.50 in) Browning M2 machine guns. The Bofors guns were refurbished World War II models that had been previously used by the Canadian Army for air defence in Europe. [5] The Bofors gun was mounted on the forecastle deck until their removal in 2014. The machine guns are mounted on either side at the front of the bridge deck. [8] The 40 mm guns were used as monuments after being dismounted. [9] In October 2006, Maritime Command experimented with mounting a remote controlled heavy machine gun station, the OTO Melara 12.7 mm RCHMG, in place of the 40 mm Bofors cannon aboard Summerside. [10] [11] [12] The Nanuk .50 calibre RCWS from Rheinmetall was trialled as a replacement aboard HMCS Goose Bay in 2018. [8] All twelve ships have degaussing coil arrays fitted, but only the first three ships have the control system, with it situated between the two funnels. [2] [5]

Modular payload

On the aft sweep deck, there are three positions that can receive a variety of mission payloads in the form of 6.1-metre (20 ft) ISO containers. The Royal Canadian Navy has a limited number of each mission payload; [7]

Furthermore, the vessels have additional systems not in an ISO container format that can be fitted, including; [7]

The modules are split between the naval bases on each coast. The Trailblazer module is based at CFB Esquimalt, there are two route survey modules per coast, and the two minesweeping modules are located at CFB Halifax. In November 2009, the Boeing Insitu ScanEagle unmanned aerial vehicle was successfully trialled aboard a Kingston-class vessel. [5]

Modernisation

The Royal Canadian Navy discarded a $100-million mid-life refit plan for the twelve vessels in this class. [13] It was intended to retain the "mid-lifed" vessels through 2045–2055. While the RCN concluded that the money would be better spent in acquiring a new platform, the Liberal Government's 2017 defence policy statement, Strong, Secure and Engaged , did not reference replacing these vessels. The RCN review listed low speed and small size as reasons for the MCDV being inadequate for patrol duties (both are factors of the original specification). Notwithstanding the success of the ships in their deployment, critics suggest that patrol and training were tacked onto the mine-countermeasures role and that the platform lacks serious armament for a sovereignty enforcement role. [13]

In October 2011, L-3 MAPPS was awarded a contract to supply degaussing systems for the Kingston-class ships. The advanced degaussing systems were to be delivered and supported locally in collaboration with SAM Electronics. [14] In November 2012 MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates was awarded a two-year $13.4 million contract to repair and upgrade the deployable sonar systems. [15]

In 2018 the Royal Canadian Navy acquired the UAV AeroVironment Puma II AE with Mantis i45 Sensor for use on the Kingston class. [16]

Construction and career

In May 1992, a $650 million contract was awarded to Halifax Shipyards of Halifax, Nova Scotia, to construct twelve ships of the class. The vessels would be tasked with coastal patrol, minesweeping, law enforcement, pollution surveillance and search and rescue duties. Steel cutting for the first ship begin in December 1993, and by July 1999 all twelve Kingston-class ships were in service. [2]

HMCS Yellowknife, HMCS Saskatoon with two US Coast Guard patrol boats during a counter-narcotics naval operations, February 2022 HMCS Yellowknife (MM 706), HMCS Saskatoon (MM 709), USCGC Osprey (WPB-87307) and USCGC Blue Shark (WPB-87360) underway on 17 February 2022 (220217-G-SG988-0985).JPG
HMCS Yellowknife, HMCS Saskatoon with two US Coast Guard patrol boats during a counter-narcotics naval operations, February 2022

The ships are evenly distributed between the east and west coasts. One vessel on each coast is maintained for rapid deployment: this responsibility is rotated amongst the ships. [7] The Kingston-class ships deploy regularly as part of Operation Caribbe in the Caribbean Sea and the Central American Pacific coast. [17] [18] The ships also deploy to the Arctic as part of Operation Nanook, [19] and in naval exercises off the west coast of Africa [20] and in the Baltic Sea among others. [21] On 13 May 2010, it was announced that six of the twelve MCDVs would be placed in extended readiness due to lack of funds and the inability of the Naval Reserve to provide sufficient personnel to man the ships. However, on 14 May that order was rescinded. [22]

Ships in class

Kingston class construction data [5] [7]
Pennant NameBuilder Laid down Launched Commissioned HomeportStatusImage
MM 700 Kingston Halifax Shipyards, Halifax, Nova Scotia 12 December 199412 August 199521 September 1996 CFB Halifax Active NCSM KINGSTON (MM 700) 1.jpg
MM 701 Glace Bay 28 April 199522 January 199626 October 1996CFB HalifaxActive HMCS Glace Bay (MM 701).jpg
MM 702 Nanaimo 11 August 199517 May 199610 May 1997 CFB Esquimalt Active Nanaimo Canada Day 09.jpg
MM 703 Edmonton 8 December 199531 October 199621 June 1997CFB EsquimaltActive HMCS Edmonton Portland Fleet Week 2017 1.jpg
MM 704 Shawinigan 26 April 199615 November 199614 June 1997CFB HalifaxActive (MM 704)NCSM Shawinigan.jpg
MM 705 Whitehorse 26 July 199624 February 199717 April 1998CFB EsquimaltActive HMCS WHITEHORSE.JPG
MM 706 Yellowknife 7 November 19965 June 199718 April 1998CFB EsquimaltActive HMCS Yellowknife 2 (cropped).jpg
MM 707 Goose Bay 22 February 19974 September 199726 July 1998CFB HalifaxActive HMCS Goose Bay moored at the future site of the Nanisivik Naval Facility, during Operation Nanook, 2010-08-20.jpg
MM 708 Moncton 31 May 19975 December 199712 July 1998CFB HalifaxActive HMCS Moncton - IFR 2010.jpg
MM 709 Saskatoon 5 September 199730 March 19985 December 1998CFB EsquimaltActive HMCS Saskatoon 2007.jpg
MM 710 Brandon 6 December 199710 July 19985 June 1999CFB EsquimaltActive HMCS Brandon.jpg
MM 711 Summerside 28 March 199826 September 199818 July 1999CFB HalifaxActive HMCS Summerside.jpg

See also

Notes

  1. The /60 after the calibre denotes the length of the gun. This means that the length of the gun barrel is 60 times the bore diameter.

Citations

  1. Fish, Tim (28 August 2023). "Canada initiates new OPV project to replace Kingston-class Maritime Coastal Defence Vessels". Shepherd Media. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Macpherson & Barrie 2002, p. 299.
  3. Milner 2010, pp. 285–286.
  4. Milner 2010, p. 305.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Wertheim 2013, p. 82.
  6. "'Arctic' misplaced in name of new patrol vessels". Canadian Naval Review. 17 March 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Saunders 2009, p. 103.
  8. 1 2 Laffont, Nicolas (16 May 2015). "La Marine évalue un nouveau système d'armement pour ses navires de défense côtière" [Navy assesses new weapons system for its coastal defense vessels]. 45eNord (in French). Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021. L'enlèvement des Bofors 40 mm Modèle 60 Mk 5C a donc été approuvé le 31 juillet 2014 et les systèmes ont été enlevés depuis. Les 12 navires de la classe Kingston restent toutefois équipés de deux mitrailleuses lourdes .50cal, a confirmé à 45eNord.ca, le capitaine Rick Donnelly, de la Marine royale canadienne.
  9. "Big guns find new life". Lookout; CFB Esquimalt Navy News. 17 October 2018. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  10. "Background — CF Remote Control Heavy Machine Gun Project". Canadian American Strategic Review . Archived from the original on 25 May 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2007.
  11. Bell, Ryan (27 November 2006). "Summerside trials weapons system" (PDF). Trident News . Government of Canada. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2007.
  12. Bell, Ryan (March 2007). "HMCS Summerside Trials: Fleet Weapon System" (PDF). The Naval Reserve Link. Vol. 16, no. 1. Government of Canada. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
  13. 1 2 Priestley, Stephen. "The Kingston Class: 'Mid-Life' or Move Over for the MCDV? Reviewing Navy Plans for the Future of the MCDVs [Part 1]". Canadian American Strategic Review . Archived from the original on 7 August 2007. Retrieved 31 August 2007.
  14. "Royal Canadian Navy Kingston-Class Vessels to be Equipped with L-3 MAPPS Degaussing Systems". naval-technology.com. 7 October 2011. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
  15. "Sonar On The Royal Canadian Navy's MCDV's To Be Upgraded". Ottawa Citizen. 2 November 2012. Archived from the original on 16 March 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
  16. "Royal Canadian Navy to Field AeroVironment Puma II AE with Mantis i45 Sensor Aboard Coastal Defence Vessels". Bloomberg. 28 February 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  17. Coyne, Todd (10 February 2020). "Canadian warships depart Vancouver Island for Central American drug operation". CTV News. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  18. "Canada, US navies seize 1,000 kg cocaine in Caribbean". Business Standard. 10 March 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  19. Pugliese, David (15 August 2017). "Royal Canadian Navy ships to conduct operations in Canada's northern waters". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  20. Quon, Alexander & Maclean, Alexa (26 January 2020). "Crews of HMCS Shawinigan and HMCS Glace Bay bid farewell, deploy to Africa". Global News. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
  21. Macpherson & Barrie 2002, p. 301.
  22. "Order to cut navy's coastal vessels rescinded". CBC News. 14 May 2010. Archived from the original on 17 May 2010.

Related Research Articles

HMCS <i>Glace Bay</i> (MM 701) Royal Canadian Navy coastal defence vessel

HMCS Glace Bay is a Kingston-class coastal defence vessel that has served in the Canadian Forces and Royal Canadian Navy since 1996. Glace Bay is the second ship of her class which is the name for the Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel Project. She is the second vessel to use the designation HMCS Glace Bay. She is assigned to Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) and is homeported at CFB Halifax.

HMCS <i>Goose Bay</i> Royal Canadian Navy coastal defence vessel

HMCS Goose Bay is a Kingston-class coastal defence vessel that has served in the Canadian Forces since 1998. Goose Bay is the eighth ship of her class which is the name for the Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel Project. She is the first vessel to be named Goose Bay. The coastal defence vessel is assigned to Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) and is homeported at CFB Halifax.

HMCS <i>Ottawa</i> (FFH 341) Royal Canadian Navy frigate

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HMCS <i>Brandon</i> (MM 710) Royal Canadian Navy coastal defence vessel

HMCS Brandon is a Kingston-class coastal defence vessel that has served in the Canadian Forces since 1999. Brandon is the eleventh ship of her class. She is the second vessel to use the name HMCS Brandon. The Brandon is assigned to Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) and is homeported at CFB Esquimalt.

HMCS <i>Edmonton</i> Royal Canadian Navy coastal defence vessel

HMCS Edmonton is a Kingston-class coastal defence vessel that has served in the Canadian Forces since 1997. Edmonton is the fourth ship of its class, all of which were built for the Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel Project. The ship is the first vessel to use the designation HMCS Edmonton. The ship is assigned to Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) and is homeported at CFB Esquimalt.

HMCS <i>Kingston</i> Royal Canadian Navy coastal defence vessel

HMCS Kingston is a Kingston-class coastal defence vessel that has served in the Canadian Forces since 1996. Kingston is the lead ship of her class, ordered under the Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel Project. She is the first vessel to use the designation HMCS Kingston. She is assigned to Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) and is homeported at CFB Halifax.

HMCS <i>Moncton</i> (MM 708) Royal Canadian Navy coastal defence vessel

HMCS Moncton is a Kingston-class coastal defence vessel that has served in the Canadian Forces since 1998. Moncton is the ninth ship of her class. She is the second vessel to use the designation HMCS Moncton. The ship is assigned to Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT) and is homeported at CFB Halifax.

HMCS <i>Nanaimo</i> (MM 702) Royal Canadian Navy coastal defence vessel

HMCS Nanaimo is a Kingston-class coastal defence vessel that has served in the Canadian Forces and Royal Canadian Navy since 1997. Nanaimo is the third ship of her class. She is the second vessel to use the designation HMCS Nanaimo. She is assigned to Joint Task Force Pacific and is homeported at CFB Esquimalt.

HMCS <i>Saskatoon</i> (MM 709) Royal Canadian Navy coastal defence vessel

HMCS Saskatoon is a Kingston-class coastal defence vessel delivered to the Canadian Forces in 1998. Saskatoon is the tenth ship of her class and is the second vessel to use the designation HMCS Saskatoon. Named after the Canadian city of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, other references to the city are found on the ship with the ships captains desk named Cranberry Flats and a main corridor in the ship named after Idylwyld Drive. Saskatoon is assigned to Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) of the Royal Canadian Navy and is homeported at Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Esquimalt.

HMCS <i>Shawinigan</i> (MM 704) Royal Canadian Navy coastal defence vessel

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HMCS <i>Summerside</i> (MM 711) Royal Canadian Navy coastal defence vessel

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HMCS <i>Whitehorse</i> Royal Canadian Navy coastal defence vessel

HMCS Whitehorse is a Kingston-class coastal defence vessel that has served in the Canadian Forces since 1998. Whitehorse is the sixth ship of her class. The first vessel named for the city in the Yukon, the ship is assigned to Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) and is homeported at CFB Esquimalt.

HMCS <i>Yellowknife</i> Royal Canadian Navy coastal defence vessel

HMCS Yellowknife is a Kingston-class coastal defence vessel that has served in the Canadian Forces since 1998. Yellowknife is the seventh ship of her class. She is the first vessel to use the designation Yellowknife in the Royal Canadian Navy. The coastal defence vessel is assigned to Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) and is homeported at CFB Esquimalt.

<i>Anticosti</i>-class minesweeper

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel Project</span>

The Maritime Coastal Defence Vessel Project (MCDVP) was a procurement project undertaken by the Canadian Department of National Defence beginning in the mid-1980s to find a replacement to fill the minesweeper, coastal patrol and reserve training needs of the Canadian Forces, replacing the Anticosti and Bay-class minesweepers, Porte-class gate vessels and Royal Canadian Mounted Police coastal launches in those roles. After construction these vessels became known as the Royal Canadian Navy's Kingston-class maritime coastal defence vessels (MCDVs).

HMCS Moresby was an Anticosti-class minesweeper that served in the Canadian Forces from 1989 to 2000. She was named for Moresby Island, which in turn is named for Fairfax Moresby, former Commander-in-Chief of Pacific Station at Esquimalt Royal Navy Dockyard. Prior to her acquisition by Canada, Moresby served as the offshore supply vessel Joyce Tide, built by Allied Shipbuilders of Vancouver, British Columbia. Joyce Tide was acquired by the Canadian Forces for conversion to a minesweeper and as a training ship for naval reservists. With the entry into service of the Kingston-class coastal defence vessels, Moresby was sold to commercial interests, returning to her previous career. The ship was renamed several times, most recently Ramco Express in 2007.

HMCS <i>Goderich</i>

HMCS Goderich was a Bangor-class minesweeper constructed for the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. Entering service in 1941, Goderich spent the entire war as a local convoy escort based out of Halifax, Nova Scotia. The vessel was decommissioned in 1945 and placed in reserve. Reacquired during the Korean War, the vessel was modernized but never re-entered service and was sold for scrap and broken up in 1959.

HMCS Fort William was a Bangor-class minesweeper that served with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. Entering service in 1942, the minesweeper participated in the Battle of the Atlantic as a convoy escort and in the invasion of Normandy. Following the war, the ship was laid up, but was reacquired during the Korean War. Fort William never re-entered service with the Royal Canadian Navy and in 1957, was sold to Turkey. Renamed Bodrum by the Turkish Navy, the ship was discarded in 1971.

HMCS <i>Westmount</i> WWII Canadian minesweeper

HMCS Westmount was a Bangor-class minesweeper that served with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. Entering service in 1942, the minesweeper spent the entire war on the Atlantic Canada coast. Following the war, the ship was laid up in reserve until reacquired in 1952 during the Korean War. Never re-entering service with the Royal Canadian Navy, the vessel was sold to the Turkish Navy in 1958. Renamed Bornova, the minesweeper was discarded in 1972.

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