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Baker v. Carr,369 U.S. 186 (1962),was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that redistricting qualifies as a justiciable question under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment,thus enabling federal courts to hear Fourteenth Amendment-based redistricting cases. The court summarized its Baker holding in a later decision as follows:"the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment limits the authority of a State Legislature in designing the geographical districts from which representatives are chosen either for the State Legislature or for the Federal House of Representatives.". The court had previously held in Gomillion v. Lightfoot that districting claims over racial discrimination could be brought under the Fifteenth Amendment.
Robert Brown Aderholt is an American politician and attorney serving as the U.S. representative for Alabama's 4th congressional district since 1997. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district includes most of Tuscaloosa County north of the Black Warrior River,as well as Birmingham's far northern suburbs in Walker County and the southern suburbs of Huntsville and Decatur.
Reynolds v. Sims,377 U.S. 533 (1964),was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that the electoral districts of state legislative chambers must be roughly equal in population. Along with Baker v. Carr (1962) and Wesberry v. Sanders (1964),it was part of a series of Warren Court cases that applied the principle of "one person,one vote" to U.S. legislative bodies.
Karla Lea Drenner is an American academic and politician from Georgia. A Democrat,she is a member of the Georgia House of Representatives representing the state's 85th district in Avondale Estates,DeKalb County.
The 2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama were held on November 4,2008,to determine the representation of the state of Alabama in the United States House of Representatives,coinciding with the presidential and senatorial elections. Representatives are elected for two-year terms;those elected served in the 111th Congress from January 4,2009,until January 3,2011.
The 66th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District is located in west central Pennsylvania and has been represented by Brian Smith since 2021.
Terry Allen Goodin is a former Democratic member of the Indiana House of Representatives,representing the 66th District from 2000 to 2020. Goodin was first elected to the Indiana House of Representatives in 2000. Goodin represents the citizens of Indiana House District 66 in the Indiana House of Representatives. Goodin served as the Minority Leader of the House for a partial term following the resignation of Scott Pelath. He was not re-elected to the position by the Democratic caucus.
Joel Fredrick Dubina is an American attorney who is a Senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit and a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama.
The 2010 congressional elections in Arkansas were held on November 2,2010,to determine who would represent Arkansas in the United States House of Representatives. Arkansas has four seats in the House,apportioned according to the 2000 United States census. Representatives are elected for two-year terms;those elected served in the 112th Congress from January 3,2011 until January 3,2013. None of Arkansas's four representatives faced major party opposition in 2008. As of 2023,this was the last election in which a Democrat won a congressional district in Arkansas or managed 40% or more of the House popular vote in the state.
Mark L. Walker is a Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives for the 53rd district. The 53rd district,located in the Chicago metropolitan area,includes all or parts of Arlington Heights,Des Plaines,Mount Prospect,Rolling Meadows,and Prospect Heights.
Chester Clarence "Mac" McCutcheon III is an American politician currently serving as the chair of the county commission of Madison County,Alabama. He was previously the 66th speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives. He is a Republican who served in the state legislature from 2006 to 2022. He was elected Speaker of the Alabama House of Representatives on August 15,2016. He was re-elected Speaker of the House on January 8,2019.
The 2022 United States Senate election in Alabama was held on November 8,2022,to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Alabama. Incumbent senator Richard Shelby was first elected in 1986 and re-elected in 1992 as a Democrat before becoming a Republican in 1994. In his most recent election in 2016,he was re-elected with nearly 64% of the vote over Democrat Ron Crumpton. In February 2021,Shelby announced that he would not seek re-election to a seventh term,which resulted in the first open Senate seat since 1996 and the first in this seat since 1968.
The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama were held on November 6,2018,to elect the seven U.S. representatives from the state of Alabama,one from each of the state's seven congressional districts. The elections coincided with other elections to the House of Representatives,as well as elections to the United States Senate and various state and local elections. The primaries were held on June 5,with all choosing a nominee except the Republican primary in the 2nd district,which went to a July 17 runoff. The 2018 general election saw no change in Alabama's representation,remaining at a 6–1 GOP advantage,even though Democrats won over 40% of the statewide vote.
Amber M. Baker is an American politician. Baker is a Democrat and was elected as the representative for District 72 in the North Carolina House of Representatives,representing Forsyth County,in 2020.
Brian Smith is an American politician serving as a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 66th district since 2021.
The 2022 Alabama House of Representatives elections were held on November 8,2022. The Republican and Democratic primaries were held on May 24,2022,and any races in which no candidate exceeded one-half plus one of the total votes advanced to a runoff on June 21,2022. This was the first election cycle since 2002 in which the Libertarian Party of Alabama was on the ballot,as they exceeded the threshold for petition signatures needed to gain ballot access in Alabama. Libertarian candidates were nominated by party convention. All 105 of Alabama's state representatives were up for reelection. In Alabama,members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate serve four-year terms,running in years corresponding with presidential midterm elections.
Connecticut's 66th House of Representatives district elects one member of the Connecticut House of Representatives. It consists of the towns of Bethlehem,Morris,Warren and parts of Woodbury and Litchfield. It has been represented by Republican Karen Reddington-Hughes since 2022.
References
- ↑ Representative Alan Baker Archived 2008-09-19 at the Wayback Machine . Alabama House of Representatives. Retrieved on 2008-08-17.
- ↑ "Alan Baker - Alabama State Representative - District 66". Bama Politics. Retrieved 2020-07-12.
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