Sandy Vershbow | |
---|---|
Vershbow in 2006 | |
Deputy Secretary General of NATO | |
In office February 2012 –October 17, 2016 | |
Preceded by | Claudio Bisogniero |
Succeeded by | Rose Gottemoeller |
Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs | |
In office April 3,2009 –February 2012 | |
President | Barack Obama |
Preceded by | Mary Beth Long |
Succeeded by | Derek Chollet |
United States Ambassador to South Korea | |
In office October 17,2005 –September 18,2008 | |
President | George W. Bush |
Preceded by | Christopher R. Hill |
Succeeded by | Kathleen Stephens |
United States Ambassador to Russia | |
In office October 17,2001 –July 22,2005 | |
President | George W. Bush |
Preceded by | James Franklin Collins |
Succeeded by | William J. Burns |
18th United States Ambassador to NATO | |
In office November 10,1997 –July 9,2001 | |
President | Bill Clinton George W. Bush |
Preceded by | Robert E. Hunter |
Succeeded by | R. Nicholas Burns |
Personal details | |
Born | Alexander Russell Vershbow July 3,1952 Boston,Massachusetts,U.S. |
Spouse | Lisa Vershbow |
Children | 2 |
Education | Yale University (BA) Columbia University (MA) |
Awards | ![]() |
Alexander Russell "Sandy" Vershbow (born July 3,1952) is an American diplomat and former Deputy Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
From October 2005 to October 2008,he was the United States Ambassador to South Korea. Before that post he had been the ambassador to the Russian Federation from 2001 to 2005 and the ambassador to NATO from 1997 to 2001. [1] For his work with NATO he was awarded the State Department's Distinguished Service Award.
In March 2009,President Barack Obama nominated Vershbow as Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs,a position that holds responsibility for U.S. policy toward NATO,coordination of U.S. security and defense policies relating to the nations and international organizations of Europe,the Middle East and Africa. [2] He was confirmed in April 2009. [3]
After almost three years with the U.S. Department of Defense,in February 2012,Vershbow moved back to Brussels where he took the position of Deputy Secretary General of NATO,becoming the first American to hold the position. [4]
Vershbow was born in Boston,Massachusetts,to Arthur Vershbow and Charlotte Vershbow (née Zimmerman),both of German descent. [5]
Vershbow attended the Buckingham Browne &Nichols School before moving on to Yale College,from which he graduated in 1974 in Russian and East European Studies. He earned an MA at Columbia University in 1976 in International Relations and Certificate of the Russian Institute. [6] He learned to play the drums at a young age and kept up his passion abroad including occasionally playing in bands with other Ambassadors while on foreign assignments. [7]
Vershbow was Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for European Affairs at the National Security Council (1994–97). He was the first recipient of the Department of Defense's Joseph J. Kruzel Award for his contributions to peace in the former Yugoslavia (1997).
Vershbow was US ambassador to Russia from 2001 to 2005. He is famous for ignoring the official ceremony of giving his letter of credence to Russian President Vladimir Putin,for which the reason of "a planned vacation" was given. [8] During his tenure the Embassy publicly supported the candidacy of Elena Mizulina whose political party advocated for the legalization of prostitution. The US Office of Trafficking in Persons and American NGO MiraMed Institute,which was the first nonprofit to work against trafficking of women and girls from Russia,brought pressure to have Ambassador Vershbow to withdraw his support since it was contrary to U.S. policy. In response,he requested an OIG investigation into the finances of MiraMed Institute which found no serious irregularities.
Early in his tenure as ambassador to South Korea he generated controversy by continuing the hard line on North Korea begun by his predecessor Christopher R. Hill. He pressed North Korea on the issues of human rights and superdollars,calling the government a "criminal regime", [9] [10] and called on them to return to the Six-Party Talks. [10] [11] One South Korean lawmaker even tried to have him expelled from the country. [12] In January 2006 his attempt to meet with the Korea Internet Journalists' Association,which describes itself as 'progressive',was blocked by protestors from the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions. [13] [14]
Together with Hill,who was the Assistant Secretary of State,Vershbow also pioneered a strategy of speaking directly to the Korean people through the internet and by actually appearing and speaking at street rallies. [15] [16]
Vershbow spoke out in favor of the expansion of the U.S. base at Pyeongtaek. Some local residents demonstrated against the expansion;Vershbow asserted that they were "out of step" with the sentiments of most residents of the area.[ citation needed ]
Vershbow was Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (ISA). [17] In a July 2010 organization chart he was shown as five ASD's serving under Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Michèle Flournoy,with the other four being Wallace Gregson,Paul Stockton,Michael Nacht,and Michael G. Vickers. [18]
Vershbow was leading sessions for the chief of staff of Egypt's armed forces,Lt. Gen. Sami Hafez Enan,and a delegation in Washington in January 2011,when the visit was truncated due to concurrent Egyptian protests. [19]
Vershbow was the Deputy Secretary General of NATO from February 2012 to October 2016 after serving for three years in the Pentagon as the U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs. While in Brussels,Vershbow argued that partnerships are "a necessity,not a luxury" stressing that NATO's partnerships have helped to consolidate peace and stability in Europe,and to extend stability beyond the Alliance's borders. [20] In remarks to a small groups of reporters on May 2,2014,reported by AP,Vershbow said that after two decades of trying to build a partnership with Russia,NATO now feels compelled to start treating Moscow as an adversary. "Clearly the Russians have declared NATO as an adversary,so we have to begin to view Russia no longer as a partner but as more of an adversary than a partner," he said,adding that Russia's annexation of Crimea and its apparent manipulation of unrest in eastern Ukraine have fundamentally changed the NATO-Russia relationship. [21] Near the end of his tenure Vershbow was awarded the 'Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown' in recognition of his years of distinguished service for the Alliance. [22]
Following his career in public service,Vershbow joined the Atlantic Council as Distinguished Fellow,Brent Scowcroft Center on International Security. He has become a frequent media commentator on national security affairs and predicted the Russian government would not respond militarily to the Trump administration's bombing of Syria in response to the Asad regime's use of chemical weapons in 2017. [23]
Vershbow also acts as a senior advisor to Anders Fogh Rasmussen's political consultancy firm Rasmussen Global [24] where he offers advice on transatlantic relations and foreign policy.
Vershbow's wife,Lisa Vershbow,is a designer of contemporary jewelry. [6] They have two sons together. [25]
Cho Tae-yong is a South Korean career diplomat with over three decades of experience who served as South Korea's National Security Advisor from March to December 2023. On January 16,2024,he was appointed Director of the National Intelligence Service of South Korea.
Robert G. Joseph is a senior scholar at the National Institute for Public Policy. He was the United States Special Envoy for Nuclear Nonproliferation,with ambassadorial rank. Prior to this post,Joseph was the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security,a position he held until January 24,2007. Joseph is known for being instrumental in creating the Proliferation Security Initiative and as the architect of the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism. He was also the US chief negotiator to Libya in 2003 who convinced the Libyans to give up their WMD programs. He also recently authored a book describing his experience in negotiating with Libya entitled "Countering WMD."
Georgiy Enverovich Mamedov is a Russian diplomat of Azerbaijani descent,and one of Russia's foremost authorities on the United States and Canada. In the 1990s and the early 2000s,he was his country's chief interlocutor with the United States on such subjects as NATO,arms control and Kosovo.
The United States under secretary of defense for policy (USDP) is a high level civilian official in the United States Department of Defense. The under secretary of defense for policy is the principal staff assistant and adviser to both the secretary of defense and the deputy secretary of defense for all matters concerning the formation of national security and defense policy.
The School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) is the international affairs and public policy school of Columbia University,a private Ivy League university located in Morningside Heights,Manhattan,New York City. SIPA offers Master of International Affairs (MIA) and Master of Public Administration (MPA) degrees in a range of fields,as well as the Executive MPA and PhD program in Sustainable Development.
William Joseph Burns is an American diplomat and the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the Biden administration since March 19,2021. He previously served as U.S. deputy secretary of state from 2011 to 2014;in 2009 he served as acting secretary of state for a day,prior to the confirmation of Hillary Clinton. Burns retired from the U.S. Foreign Service in 2014 after a 32-year career. From 2014 to 2021,he served as president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Victoria Jane Nuland is an American diplomat who served as Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from 2021 to 2024. Her husband is Robert Kagan,an American historian. A former member of the US Foreign Service,she served as Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs from 2013 to 2017 and the 18th U.S. ambassador to NATO from 2005 to 2008. Between July 2023 and February 2024,Nuland served as acting deputy secretary of state following the retirement of Wendy Sherman.
James Eugene Goodby is an author and former American diplomat.
James Blair Cunningham is an American diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Afghanistan.
William Braucher Wood is the U.S. Envoy for International Sanctions Implementation at the Department of State. He is a former Ambassador from the United States of America to the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and Colombia.
Kathleen Stephens was the United States ambassador to South Korea from 2008 to 2011. She also served as the United States' chargéd'affaires to India from March to December 2014. She currently leads the Korea Economic Institute of America as president and CEO.
Rose Eilene Gottemoeller is an American diplomat who served as Deputy Secretary General of NATO from October 2016 to October 2019 under Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg. Before then she was the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security at the U.S. State Department.
James Warlick is a US diplomat,former United States Ambassador to Bulgaria.
Mary Burce Warlick is an Australian-born,American diplomat who was appointed Deputy Executive Director of the International Energy Agency in May 2021. A former United States career diplomat,she served as the United States Ambassador to Serbia from January 2010 to September 2012,as the U.S. Consul General in Melbourne,Australia from October 2012 to July 2014,as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary in the Bureau of Energy Resources at the Department of State from August 2014 to September 2017,and as Acting Special Envoy and Coordinator for International Energy Affairs from January to September 2017.
In the United States,the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs or ASD (ISA) is the principal advisor to the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy (USD (P)) and the United States Secretary of Defense on international security strategy and policy on issues of Department of Defense (DoD) interest related to the governments and defense establishments of the nations and international organizations of Europe (including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization),the Middle East,Africa,and the Western Hemisphere. The ASD (ISA) also oversees security cooperation programs and foreign military sales programs in these regions. Despite the broad title of the office,the ASD (ISA) does not develop policy related to Asia,the Pacific region,Latin America,or South America.
Barbro A. Owens-Kirkpatrick is an American diplomat.
Glyn Townsend Davies is a senior advisor at ASG,a strategy and commercial diplomacy firm. A career member of the U.S. Senior Foreign Service,he served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations International Organizations in Vienna from 2009 to 2011,as Special Representative for North Korea Policy from 2011 to 2014,and as Ambassador to Thailand from 2015 to 2018.
Julie D. Fisher is an American diplomat who has served as the United States ambassador to Cyprus since February 2023.
Julie Jiyoon Chung,birth name as Chung Ji-yoon,is a Korean-American diplomat who has served as the United States Ambassador to Sri Lanka since 2022. She previously served as Acting Assistant Secretary and Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for the United States Department of State's Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs (WHA). Her first overseas assignment was in Guangzhou,China. Chung has later served in several posts in Japan,Vietnam,Thailand,Cambodia,Colombia and Iraq.
Bruce I. Turner is an American diplomat who is the U.S. representative to the Conference on Disarmament,with the rank of Ambassador.
U.S. Ambassador Alexander Vershbow was stopped by KCTU protestors from attending a meeting with the Korean Internet Journalists' Association, reports the Korea Herald: 'The U.S. envoy to Korea was to meet with members of the Korea Internet Journalists' Association at the office of progressive radio channel, Voice of the People in Yeongdeungpo, western Seoul. But members of the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions who share an office in the same building barricaded the entrance and held out placards saying "U.S. obstructs reunification."'
Alexander Vershbow is currently the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (ISA). In this capacity, Ambassador Vershbow was responsible for coordinating U.S. security and defense policies relating to the nations and international organizations of Europe (including NATO), the Middle East and Africa.