Allied invasion of Italy order of battle

Last updated

The Allied invasion of Italy, a phase of the Mediterranean Theater of World War II, took place on 3 September at Reggio di Calabria (Operation Baytown), and on 9 September 1943 at Taranto and Salerno (Operation Slapstick and Operation Avalanche respectively). Allied naval forces landed American and Commonwealth troops on the beaches of southern Italy where they faced resistance from Axis forces.

Contents

Allied Forces

Theatre and army group commanders
General Dwight D. Eisenhower.jpg
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Field Marshal Sir Harold Alexander, 1945 D26068.jpg
Sir Harold Alexander

Allied Forces Headquarters (AFHQ), Mediterranean
General Dwight D. Eisenhower

Ground forces

Allied 15th Army Group
General Harold Alexander

Naval forces

Allied Naval Forces, Mediterranean (Admiral Andrew Cunningham)
Western Task Force (Operation Avalanche) (Vice Admiral H. Kent Hewitt, USN)
Force H (Vice Admiral Sir Algernon Willis, RN)
Naval Task Force, Operation Slapstick (Vice Admiral Arthur Power, RN)

Air forces

Mediterranean Air Command (Allied) (Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Tedder) [lower-alpha 1]

Operation Baytown – 3 September

Landings across Strait of Messina

British Eighth Army

Bernard Law Montgomery.jpg
Sir Bernard Law Montgomery
General Dempsey.jpg
Sir Miles Dempsey

General Bernard Law Montgomery

British XIII Corps

Lieutenant-General Sir Miles Dempsey

Corps troops
1st Special Reconnaissance Squadron
No. 3 Commando
No. 40 (Royal Marine) Commando
Corps artillery
6th Army Group, Royal Artillery
2nd Anti-Aircraft Brigade
Also supporting XIII Corps
5th Army Group, Royal Artillery
XXX Corps Artillery

Operation Slapstick – 9 September

Landings at Taranto

British Eighth Army

General Sir Bernard Law Montgomery

British 1st Airborne Division [4]
Major-General George F. Hopkinson killed in action 9 Sep,
then Major-General Ernest Down
1st Parachute Brigade (Brigadier G.W. Lathbury)
1st Parachute Battalion
2nd Parachute Battalion
3rd Parachute Battalion
16th (Parachute) Field Ambulance
2nd Parachute Brigade (Brigadier Ernest Down)
4th Parachute Battalion
5th Parachute Battalion
6th Parachute Battalion
127th (Parachute) Field Ambulance
4th Parachute Brigade (Brigadier J.W. Hackett)
10th Parachute Battalion
11th Parachute Battalion
156th Parachute Battalion
133rd (Parachute) Field Ambulance
1st Airlanding Brigade (Brigadier Pip Hicks)
1st Battalion Border Regiment
2nd Battalion South Staffordshire Regiment
181st (Airlanding) Field Ambulance
Glider Pilot Regiment

Operation Avalanche – 9 September

Landings at Salerno

US Fifth Army

Mark W. Clark Mark Wayne Clark 1943.jpg
Mark W. Clark
Richard L. McCreery New Eighth Army Commander at Tac Eighth Army Headquarters, Italy, 1 October 1944 TR2378.jpg
Richard L. McCreery

Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark

Army Group Reserve [lower-alpha 2]

82 ABD SSI.svg US 82nd Airborne ("All-American") Division
Major General Matthew B. Ridgway
504th Parachute Infantry Regiment
505th Parachute Infantry Regiment
325th Glider Infantry Regiment
1st Armored Division (shoulder sleeve insignia).png US 1st Armored ("Old Ironsides") Division [lower-alpha 3]
Major General Ernest N. Harmon
British X Corps

Lieutenant-General Richard L. McCreery

Northern landing beaches

Corps troops
Royal Scots Greys (Sherman tanks, attached to 56th Division) [5]
40th Royal Tank Regiment (attached to British 46th Infantry Division) [6]
British Special Service Brigade (Brigadier Robert Laycock)
No. 2 (Army) Commando
No. 41 (Royal Marine) Commando
US Ranger Force (Lieutenant Colonel William O. Darby) [lower-alpha 4]
1st Ranger Battalion
3rd Ranger Battalion
4th Ranger Battalion
US VI Corps
Ernest J. Dawley Ernest Dawley 1.jpg
Ernest J. Dawley

Major General Ernest J. Dawley

Southern landing beaches

US 3rd Infantry ("Rock of the Marne") Division
Major General Lucian K. Truscott [lower-alpha 5]
7th Infantry Regiment
15th Infantry Regiment
30th Infantry Regiment
HHB 3rd DIVARTY
9th Field Artillery Battalion
10th Field Artillery Battalion
39th Field Artillery Battalion
41st Field Artillery Battalion
3rd Reconnaissance Troop
10th Engineer Combat Battalion
3rd Medical Battalion
Headquarters, 3rd Special Troops
HHC, 3rd Infantry Division
703rd Ordnance Light Maintenance Company
3rd Signal Company
3rd Quartermaster Company
US 34th Infantry ("Red Bull") Division [lower-alpha 6]
Major General Charles W. Ryder
133rd Infantry Regiment
135th Infantry Regiment
168th Infantry Regiment
US 36th Infantry ("Arrowhead") Division
Major General Fred L. Walker
141st Infantry Regiment
142nd Infantry Regiment
143rd Infantry Regiment
US 45th Infantry ("Thunderbird") Division
Major General Troy H. Middleton
157th Infantry Regiment
179th Infantry Regiment
180th Infantry Regiment

Axis Forces

Army Command South

Albert Kesselring Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R93434, Albert Kesselring.jpg
Albert Kesselring
Heinrich von Vietinghoff Heinrich von Vietinghoff.jpg
Heinrich von Vietinghoff

Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring [9]

Armeeoberkommando (AOK) 10

Generaloberst Heinrich von Vietinghoff

XIV Panzer Corps
General der Panzertruppen Hermann Balck
Deployed along coast from north to south of Naples:
15th Panzergrenadier Division (Generalleutnant Eberhard Rodt)
Kampfgruppe Stroh
Panzer Division Hermann Göring (Generalmajor Wilhelm Schmalz) [lower-alpha 7]
Kampfgruppe Haas
Kampfgruppe Becker
16th Panzer Division (Generalleutnant Rudolf Sieckenius) [lower-alpha 8]
Kampfgruppe Dörnemann
Kampfgruppe Stempel
Kampfgruppe von Holtey
Kampfgruppe von Doering
LXXVI Panzer Corps
General der Panzertruppen Traugott Herr
Deployed in Calabria and Apulia:
26th Panzer Division (Generalleutnant Smilo Freiherr von Lüttwitz)
Kampfgruppe [lower-alpha 9]
3rd Panzergrenadier Division (Generalleutnant Fritz-Hubert Gräser)
Kampfgruppe Moldenhaur
29th Panzergrenadier Division (Generalleutnant Walter Fries)
Kampfgruppe Ulich
Kampfgruppe Krüger
Italian 7th Army
Generale d'Armata Mario Arisio
211th Coastal Division (Generale d'Brigata Felice Gonnella)
53rd Coastal Regiment
118th Coastal Regiment
143rd Coastal Regiment
185th Paratroopers Regiment 'Nembo'

Notes

  1. Headquarters at Algiers, Algeria [1]
  2. Available to Fifth Army
  3. 1st Armored Division was in Morocco being reorganized in the new "light armored division" organization. It began to arrive at Naples on 28 October 1943 and thus was not in the Army Group reserve for the landings in Italy.
  4. Under British X Corps for this operation.
  5. Did not take part in initial landings
  6. Did not take part in initial landings
  7. CO Generalleutnant Paul Conrath was on leave at the time of the Salerno landings. [10]
  8. Absorbed the initial Allied assault
  9. CO unknown

Citations

  1. Secret Document 161, Location of units in the Royal Air Force, 34th issue, July 1943, Royal Air Force Museum accession number PR02859.
  2. 1 2 Molony, p. 234n.
  3. Molony, pp. 117 & 234.
  4. Molony, pp. 242, 244 & 245.
  5. Molony, p. 276n.
  6. 1 2 Molony, p. 278n.
  7. Molony, p. 277n.
  8. Molony, p. 337n.
  9. Konstam 2013, p. 25
  10. Konstam 2013, pp. 21-22

Bibliography

Print

Web

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Anzio</span> 1944 battle in Italy

The Battle of Anzio was a battle of the Italian Campaign of World War II that took place from January 22, 1944 to June 4, 1944. The operation was opposed by German and by Italian Repubblica Sociale Italiana (RSI) forces in the area of Anzio and Nettuno.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Allied invasion of Sicily</span> 1943 military campaign of World War II on the island of Sicily, Italy

The Allied invasion of Sicily, also known as the Battle of Sicily and Operation Husky, was a major campaign of World War II in which the Allied forces invaded the island of Sicily in July 1943 and took it from the Axis powers. It began with a large amphibious and airborne operation, followed by a six-week land campaign, and initiated the Italian campaign.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1st Airborne Division (United Kingdom)</span> Airborne infantry division of the British Army during WWII

The 1st Airborne Division was an airborne infantry division of the British Army during the Second World War. The division was formed in late 1941 during the Second World War, after the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, demanded an airborne force, and was initially under command of Major-General Frederick A. M. "Boy" Browning. The division was one of two airborne divisions raised by the British Army during the war, with the other being the 6th Airborne Division, created in May 1943, using former units of the 1st Airborne Division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Operation Avalanche</span> 1943 Allied landings in Italy

Operation Avalanche was the codename for the Allied landings near the port of Salerno, executed on 9 September 1943, part of the Allied invasion of Italy during World War II. The Italians withdrew from the war the day before the invasion, but the Allies landed in an area defended by German troops. Planned under the name Top Hat, it was supported by the deception plan Operation Boardman.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Allied invasion of Italy</span> 1943 military campaign of World War II resulting in the fall of the Kingdom of Italy

The Allied invasion of Italy was the Allied amphibious landing on mainland Italy that took place from 3 September 1943, during the Italian campaign of World War II. The operation was undertaken by General Sir Harold Alexander's 15th Army Group and followed the successful Allied invasion of Sicily. The main invasion force landed on the west coast of Italy at Salerno on September 9 as part of Operation Avalanche, while two supporting operations took place in Calabria and Taranto.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Operation Slapstick</span> WW2 British military operation during the Allied invasion of Italy, 1943

Operation Slapstick was the code name for a British landing from the sea at the Italian port of Taranto during the Second World War. The operation, one of three landings during the Allied invasion of Italy in September 1943, was undertaken by airborne troops of the British 1st Airborne Division, commanded by Major-General George Hopkinson.

Operation Husky order of battle is a listing of the significant military and air force units that were involved in the campaign for Sicily, July 10 – August 17, 1943.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend</span> German armored division

The SS Division Hitlerjugend or 12th SS Panzer Division "Hitlerjugend" was a German armoured division of the Waffen-SS during World War II. The majority of its junior enlisted men were drawn from members of the Hitler Youth, while the senior NCOs and officers were from other Waffen-SS divisions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">6th Panzer Division (Wehrmacht)</span> German army division during World War II

The 6th Panzer Division was an armoured division in the German Army, the Heer, during World War II, established in October 1939.

This is the complete order of battle of Allied and German forces involved during Operation Market Garden.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of the Argenta Gap</span> 1945 battle during World War II

The Battle of the Argenta Gap was an engagement which formed part of the Allied spring 1945 offensive during the Italian campaign in the final stages of the Second World War. It took place in northern Italy from 12 to 19 April 1945 between troops of British V Corps commanded by Lieutenant-General Charles Keightley and German units of LXXVI Panzer Corps commanded by Lieutenant General Gerhard von Schwerin.

Operation Battleaxe was a British Army offensive during the Second World War to raise the Siege of Tobruk and re-capture eastern Cyrenaica from German and Italian forces. The offensive's failure led to the replacement of British General Sir Archibald Wavell, Commander-in-Chief Middle East, by Claude Auchinleck; Wavell took Auchinleck's position as Commander-in-Chief, India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moro River campaign</span> Military campaign during World War II

The Moro River campaign was an important battle of the Italian campaign during the Second World War, fought between elements of the British Eighth Army and LXXVI Panzer Corps of the German 10th Army. Lasting from 4 December 1943 to 4 January 1944, the campaign occurred primarily in the vicinity of the Moro River in eastern Italy. The campaign was designed as part of an offensive launched by General Sir Harold Alexander's Allied 15th Army Group, with the intention of breaching the German Army's Winter Line defensive system and advancing to Pescara—and eventually Rome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Second Battle of El Alamein order of battle</span>

The Second Battle of El Alamein was a battle of the Second World War that took place near the Egyptian railway halt of El Alamein. The First Battle of El Alamein and the Battle of Alam el Halfa had prevented the Axis from advancing further into Egypt.

Operation Diadem order of battle is a listing of the significant formations that were involved in the fighting on the Winter Line and at the Anzio bridgehead south of Rome during Operation Diadem in May - June 1944 which resulted in the Allied breakthrough at Cassino and the breakout at Anzio leading to the capture of Rome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Alam el Halfa order of battle</span>

This is the order of battle for the Battle of Alam el Halfa, a World War II battle between the British Commonwealth and the Axis Powers of Germany and Italy in North Africa between 30 August and 5 September 1942. The forces were the Eighth Army and the Panzer Armee Afrika

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Operation Grapeshot order of battle</span>

The Spring 1945 offensive in Italy, codenamed Operation Grapeshot, was the final Allied attack during the Italian Campaign in the final stages of the Second World War. The attack into the Lombard Plain by the Allied 15th Army Group started on 6 April 1945 and ended on 2 May with the surrender of German forces in Italy.

Battle of Monte Cassino order of battle January 1944 is a listing of the significant formations that were involved in the fighting on the Winter Line January 1944 during the period generally known as the First Battle of Monte Cassino.

Second Battle of Monte Cassino order of battle February 1944 is a listing of the significant formations that were involved in the fighting on the Winter Line in February 1944 during the period generally known as the Second Battle of Monte Cassino.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">15th Panzergrenadier Division</span> Military unit

15th Panzergrenadier Division was a mobile division of the German Army in World War II.