The Grand National Assembly of Turkey, usually referred to simply as the TBMM or Parliament, is the unicameral Turkish legislature. It is the sole body given the legislative prerogatives by the Turkish Constitution. It was founded in Ankara on 23 April 1920 amid the National Campaign. This constitution had founded its pre-government known as 1st Executive Ministers of Turkey in May 1920. The parliament was fundamental in the efforts of Mareşal Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, 1st President of the Republic of Turkey, and his colleagues to found a new state out of the remnants of the Ottoman Empire.
Alparslan Türkeş was a Turkish politician, who was the founder and president of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and the Grey Wolves (Ülkü Ocakları). He ran the Grey Wolves training camps from 1968 to 1978. More than 600 people are said to have fallen victim of political murders by the Grey Wolves between 1968 and 1980. He represented the far-right of the Turkish political spectrum. He was and still is called Başbuğ ("Leader") by his devotees.
The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources is the government ministry of Republic of Turkey responsible for natural resources and energy in Turkey. The ministry is headed by Alparslan Bayraktar. Despite the ministry being represented on the Climate Change and Air Management Coordination Board, the European Commission has criticised the lack of co-ordination between policy on climate change in Turkey and the energy policy of Turkey. The net zero by 2053 target was reportedly set without consulting the ministry, and as of 2023 the ministry has not published a plan to meet the target.
Hittitology is the study of the Hittites, an ancient Anatolian people that established an empire around Hattusa in the 2nd millennium BCE. It combines aspects of the archaeology, history, philology, and art history of the Hittite civilisation. There are two universities in Turkey with a Hittitology major studies besides some minors and chairs, one of Istanbul University and Ankara University.
Volkan Ş. Ediger is a Turkish scientist, writer and bureaucrat. After graduating from the Middle East Technical University, he earned his PhD from the Pennsylvania State University in 1986. His training is in geology, geochemistry, and palynology.
Mustafa Aydın is a Turkish academic, writer, columnist, TV commentator, and public intellectual. He served as the Rector of Kadir Has University between 2010 and 2018; and currently is the President of the International Relations Council (UIK) of Turkey.
Energy consumption per person in Turkey is similar to the world average, and over 85 per cent is from fossil fuels. From 1990 to 2017 annual primary energy supply tripled, but then remained constant to 2019. In 2019, Turkey's primary energy supply included around 30 per cent oil, 30 per cent coal, and 25 per cent gas. These fossil fuels contribute to Turkey's air pollution and its above average greenhouse gas emissions. Turkey mines its own lignite but imports three-quarters of its energy, including half the coal and almost all the oil and gas it requires, and its energy policy prioritises reducing imports.
The Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline in Turkey. It is the central part of the Southern Gas Corridor, which connects the giant Shah Deniz gas field in Azerbaijan to Europe through the South Caucasus Pipeline and the Trans Adriatic Pipeline. The pipeline has a strategic importance for both Azerbaijan and Turkey. It allows the first Azerbaijani gas exports to Europe, beyond Turkey. It also strengthens the role of Turkey as a regional energy hub.
Hikmet Sami Türk is a Turkish academic and politician. He was at the faculty of law of Ankara University from 1967 until 1995. Elected to parliament from 1995 to 2002 for the Democratic Left Party, he was Minister of Defense and Minister of Justice. He joined the faculty of Bilkent University in 2005. On April 29, 2009 he survived an assassination attempt by Dev-Sol.
The 2013 corruption scandal in Turkey or 17-25 December Corruption and Bribery Operation was a criminal investigation that involved several key people in the Turkish government. All of the 52 people detained on 17 December were connected in various ways with the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). Prosecutors accused 14 people – including Suleyman Aslan, the director of state-owned Halkbank, Iranian businessman Reza Zarrab, and several family members of cabinet ministers – of bribery, corruption, fraud, money laundering and gold smuggling.
Turkey uses more electricity per person than the global average, but less than the European average, with demand peaking in summer due to air conditioning. Most electricity is generated from coal, gas and hydropower, with hydroelectricity from the east transmitted to big cities in the west. Electricity prices are state-controlled, but wholesale prices are heavily influenced by the cost of imported gas.
Burhanettin Duran is a Turkish politics scholar best known as author of academic studies on the transformation of political Islam under the rule of Justice and Development Party in Turkey. He is a former chair of International Relations Department at Sakarya University and the general director of the Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research (SETA). He is now the deputy foreign minister of Turkey and Member of the Presidential Security and Foreign Policies Council.
Yıldırım Tuğrul Türkeş is a Turkish economist and politician, who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey from 28 August 2015 to 19 July 2017. He first joined the interim election government formed by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu on 28 August 2015 as a Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) politician. He later defected to the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and was elected as an MP for the AKP in the November 2015 general election, continuing to serve as Deputy Prime Minister in the subsequent AKP majority government. He has been a Member of Parliament for Ankara's first electoral district since the 2007 general election and is the eldest son of the MHP's founder Alparslan Türkeş. He is the former leader of the Bright Turkey Party (ATP), which he led from 1997 to 2002.
Ali Şahin is a Turkish politician who has been Deputy Minister of European Union Affairs since January 2016. He served as a member of parliament for Gaziantep from Justice and Development Party (AKP) between 2011 and 2015. He was a candidate for MP at the June 2015 and November 2015 general elections. He managed to get on the AKP's Gaziantep candidates' lists but did not succeed in being re-elected MP again. He was elected as the TGNA XXVII. period AK Party Gaziantep deputy in the 24 June 2018 parliamentary elections. He served as the AK Party deputy chairman of social policies, a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Parliament, and a member of the PACE Turkish Group. The Sitara-i-Pakistan was conferred upon him in 2020 by the president of Pakistan, Dr. Arif Alvi. He is on duty as the chairman of the Turkiye – Pakistan Parliamentary Friendship Group. He was selected as the administrative chief of the presidency of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on 9 July 2020. On 6 January 2022, he was selected as the head of the Turkish Delegation of the Latin American and Caribbean Parliament (Parlatino) in the Turkish Grand National Assembly.
Çayırhan power station is a 620 MW operational coal fired power station in Turkey in Ankara Province. In 2019 land was expropriated for another lignite mine, to feed the a proposed extension, which was opposed as uneconomic and eventually had its licence revoked.
The Energy Market Regulatory Authority is the market regulator for energy in Turkey.
Energy Exchange Istanbul is an energy exchange. It trades electricity in Turkeyand gas in Turkey. One of its largest shareholders is the Istanbul stock market. It has a partnership with Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading plc.
Ayyüce Türkeş Taş is a Turkish economist and politician. She is the daughter of Alparslan Türkeş and Member of Parliament from Adana.
Hasan Murat Mercan is a Turkish politician and diplomat who has served as the ambassador of Turkey to the United States from 15 March 2021 until 12 January 2024.
