Amarna letter EA 245

Last updated
Amarna letter EA 245, (Reverse). Letter from Biridiya, King of Megiddo, to the Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep III or his son Akhenaten. 14th century BCE. From Tell el-Amarna, Egypt. British Museum. ME 29855. Amarna letters. Letter from Biridiya, King of Megiddo, to the Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep III or his son Akhenaten. 14th century BCE. From Tell el-Amarna, Egypt. British Museum.jpg
Amarna letter EA 245, (Reverse). Letter from Biridiya, King of Megiddo, to the Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep III or his son Akhenaten. 14th century BCE. From Tell el-Amarna, Egypt. British Museum. ME 29855.


Amarna letter EA 245, titled: "Assignment of Guilt," [1] is a medium length clay tablet Amarna letter from Biridiya the governor-'mayor' of Magidda. It is letter number four of five from Biridiya.

Contents

The letter is in pristine condition except for a missing flake (lower-right, obverse) causing a lacuna at the end of a few lines. The cuneiform characters are finely inscribed, with some photos that can even show the individual strokes of the cuneiform characters (the stroke sequence). The letter is 47-lines long, and about 5-in tall. Letter EA 245 (see here-(Obverse): ), is numbered BM 29855, at the British Museum.

The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 20–25 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters.

The letter

EA 245: "Assignment of Guilt"

EA 245, letter four of five. (Not a linear, line-by-line translation, and English from French.) [1]

(Obverse, see here )

(Lines 1-7)--Moreover,1I urged my brothers,"If the god of the king, our lord, brings it about2that we overcome Lab'ayu, then we must bring him alive:(gloss) ha-ia-ma to the king, our lord."
(8-14)--My mare, howeverhaving been put out of action :-(gloss) tu-ra (having been shot), I took my place behind him :(gloss) ah-ru-un-ú and rode with Yashdata.3But before my arrival they had struck him down :(gloss) ma-ah-ṣú-ú.
(15-23)--Yašdata being truly your servant, he it was that entered with me into batt[le]. May [ ... ] [ ... ] thelife4of the king, my [lord], thathe may br[ing peace to ever]yone5in[the lands of]the king, [my] lord.

(Reverse, see here )

(24-35)--It had been Surata that took Labaya from Magidda. and said to me,"I will send him to the king by boat :(gloss) a-na-yi"6Surata took him, but he sent him from Hinnatunu to his home, for it was Surata that had accepted from him :(gloss) ba-di-ú his ransom.
(36-47)--Moreover, what have I done to the king, my lord, that he has treated me with contempt :(gloss) ia8--ìl-li-ni and honored :(gloss) ia8-ka-bi-id myless importantbrothers?7It was Surata that let Lab'ayu go, and it was Surata that let Ba'l-mehir go, (both) to their homes. And may the king, my lord, know.--(complete Obverse & Reverse, EA 245, minor, restored lacunae, (and a small corner of clay tablet missing), total ines 1-47)

Akkadian text

The Akkadian language text: [2]

Akkadian:

Obverse (see here: )

(Line 1)--Ša-ni-tam d a bu--(..Furthermore,.. to expound upon (to talk))
(2)--UGU ŜEŠ-HI.A-ia--(upon Brothers-Mine,.. )
(3)--šumm a e š u--(..If .. to make happen)
(4)-- D MEŠ-nu ša LUGAL-ri(=ŠÀRru) ENBēlu-nu--( "the God"-ours,.. 'which of' King-Lord-Ours.. )
(5)--ù k a š ā d u--(..and Defeat!.. )
(6)--1. diš -La-aB-A-iYa ù til-la-nu-um-ma :-(gloss) ha-ia-ma--(1. diš -Labaya,.. and "bodily" : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) "alive",.. )
(7)--nu-a b ā l u a na LUGAL-ri(=ŠÀRru) ENBēlu-nu--(..Bring 'unto'(to) King-Lord-Ours!... )
segue:
(8)--Ù tu-sà-ah-mi(=tazzimtu) : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) tu-ra(tarû)--(..But "bad luck" :-(gloss) "returned"?('my horse was "shot"')..)
(9)--ANŠE.KUR.ra :-(gloss) MUNUS-ia ù uz uz z u--(Horse- :-(gloss) mine,..and "to be present",.. )
(10)--EGIR.ERIM-šu : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) ha nn ú--(..BEHIND.ARMY-his :-(gloss) "expeditioning"(=road, journey) )
(11)--ù er ē b u--(..and "to encamp"(to set),.. )
(12)--it ti 1. diš -Ya((=pi))--Da-Ta--(with Yashdata !... )
segue:
(13)--Ù a di ka šā d u--(..But before "conquering"(reaching/vanquishing),.. )
(14)--ù k u :-(gloss) ma ṣ(ú)u--(and "killed" : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) 'fighting'!.. )
(15)--ù e l û-mì(+šamû(heaven)?) 1. diš -Ya(=pi)--Da-Ta--(and "ascended-up" 1. diš -Yashdata,.. )
(16)--Ardu-ka ù š-û t--(Servant-yours,.. and "who of",.. )
(17)--e r ēb u it t i--(-(always)-"to enter" with,.. )
(18)--i na ERIM(=tāhāzu) zu--(..into BATTLE-War-Battle!.. )
(19)--ù l ū n â[-d u a na šâ šu ]--(and "may it be" 'to (have)-praise' for him,.. )
(20)--til-la-aṭ(tillu) LUGAL-ri(=ŠÀRru) ENBēlu-ia--(.."warriors"(workers)-(of),. King-Lord-Mine,.. )
(21)--[ ù ] e p ē[-š u ]--(..and "to treat"... [ .. ])-(lacuna)
(22)--gab bu i na [ ... ]--(..everyone in [ ..?.. ] )-(lacuna)
(23)--LUGAL-ri(=ŠÀRru) ENBēlu-ia--(.., King-Lord-Mine! .. )
segue:

Reverse (see here: )

(24)--Ù 1. diš --Ra-Ta--(But,.. 1.-Surata.. )
(25)--yi(=pi)-il5-q û(leqû) 1. diš -La-aB-A-iYa--(..took Labaya.. )
(26)-- tu URU Ma-GID6-Da ki --(from Magidda,.. )
(27)--ú yi(=pi)-qa a na i ā-[ ši ](i ā ši)(--(and "said" to me: )
(28)--e ma ša GIŠ : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) a-na-yi--(.."Now 'that by' BOAT :-(gloss) 'ship'... )
(29)--u š š u r u-šu--(..Send (issue)!..(i.e. Labaya)..)
(30)--a na LUGAL-ri(=ŠÀRru),.. ù (pi)l e q û--(to (the) King,.." ..But 'taken'..)
(31)--1. diš --Ra-Ta ù (pi)t a r û--(..(by) 1.-Surata,.. and "returned"-him..)

Cuneiform score, Akkadian, English

Cuneiform score (per CDLI, Chicago Digital Library Initiative), [3] and Akkadian, and English.


EA 245, (Reverse)
Obverse, (lines 1-23)
(See here; ) Amarna letters. Letter from Biridiya, King of Megiddo, to the Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep III or his son Akhenaten. 14th century BCE. From Tell el-Amarna, Egypt. British Museum.jpg
EA 245, (Reverse)
Obverse, (lines 1-23)
(See here; )

 
Obverse
Paragraph I , (lines 1-7)

1.(P. I of IV)
Ša-ni-tam du-ub-bu-ba-ku-
___Ša ni tam, d a b āb u
___Furthermore, I urged
2. _UGU-ŠEŠ hi-a _-ia
___ _UGU-ŠEŠ hi-a _-ia !
___(with) Compatriots p l. -mine (my Brothers)!

Sub-Paragraph
3.Šum-ma-mi yi-pu-šu-mi
___Šum ma e š u [4]
___QuoteIf (they)bring
4. _ dingir -meš_-nu ša (Šàrru)_Šàr_-ri _EN_-nu
___ilu pl. -nu, ša (Šàrru)_Šàr_-ri _EN_-nu,
___ gods pl. -our, which(are-of) King-Lord-ours ,
5.ù ni-ik-šu-du-um-mi
___u ka šā du !
___ and defeat!
6.1=diš La-ab-a-ia ù _til-la_nu-um-ma
Note: on Reverse", line 42.: ma : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) ha-ia-ma
___1=diš La b a ya, _til lu_-nu-um-ma
___1=diš Labaya, (equipment)-nu-um-ma : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) ha-ia-ma (by boat)(land carriage?)
7.nu-ub-ba-lu--šu a-na (Šàrru)_Šàr_-ri _EN_-nu
___a b ā l u a na (Šàrru)Šàr-ri EN-nu !
___bring (him alive) to King Lord-ours !
EndQuote



Paragraph II, (lines 8-23)

8.(P. II of IV) Ù tu--ah- : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) tu-ra
___U tu--ah-(tazzimtu) : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) tu-ra
___But "bad luck"(lamentation) : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg )(the horse was disabled, "shot")
9.x?-pa? _ANŠE-KUR-RA:MUNUS_-ia ù iz-zi-iz-
___x?-pa? _ANŠE-KUR-RA:MUNUS_-ia, u u zzu z u
___/+-x?-pa?-+/ horse-mine, and (rode-behind)("stood-behind")
10. _EGIR_-šu : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) uh-ru-un-ú
___ _EGIR_-šu : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) ha rrā n u !
___behind (troops)-His : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) expedition-ing !
11.Ù ir(wrong, =sa) sa-ka-ap-mi
___u sa pu [5] -mi
___and en-camped-Myself
12.it-ta 1=diš -Ya--da-ta
___it ti 1=diš -Ya--da-ta
___with 1 Yashdata.

segue
13.Ù a-di ka-ša-di-ia
___U a di ka šā d u
___But before "conquering"-(in-battle) (("arriving"-(into battle)-))
14.ù da-ku-šu : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) ma-ah-ṣú-ú
___u ku-šu, : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) ma u, !
___and "death-us", : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) "struck-down", !
15.ù al lu-ú- 1=(diš) Ya--da-ta
___u elû lū 1=(diš) Ya--da-ta
___and ascended, "let-it-be", 1 Yashdata,
16. _ÁRAD_-ka ù šu-ú-te(ut!-no)
___ _ÁRAD_-ka, u šu-ú-te
___Servant-yours, but ?straight-away?
17.yi-ru-ub-mi it-ti # [ x ]##
___e bu-mi, itti-[ x ]##
___entered-Myself, with [ them ? ]##
18.i-na MÈ (me3=tāhāzu) ta-ha #-zi ##
___i na ( = tāhāzu) - # zu ##
___into BATTLE, battle
19.ù lu-ú yi-na- -[ -di-nu a-na ša-šu ]
___u l ū nâ[ d u a na šâ šu ]
___and "may-it-be" pr[aise for Him ]
20. _til-la-aṭ _ŠÀRRU_-ri # [ _EN_ ]-ia
21.[ ù ] li-pa- #-[ ši-ih ]

Bottom

22.gáb- i-na [ .... ]
23. _Šàr_-ri _EN_-ia
24.ù 1=diš -ra-ta #


EA 245, Reverse
Paragraph III, (lines 25-35)
Paragraph IV, (36-47)
Obverse,
(See here; ) Amarna letters. Letter from Biridiya, King of Megiddo, to the Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep III or his son Akhenaten. 14th century BCE. From Tell el-Amarna, Egypt. British Museum.jpg
EA 245, Reverse
Paragraph III, (lines 25-35)
Paragraph IV, (36-47)
Obverse,
(See here; )

Paragraph III-(lines 24-35)
24.(
ù 1=diš -ra-ta #)
___u 1=diš -ra-ta #
___and 1 Surata
Reverse

Paragraph III-(lines 24-35)

25.(P. III of IV) yi-il5-- 1-diš-La-[ ab-a-ia ]
___la q û 1-diš-La-[ ab-a-ia ]
___took... 1 Labaya
26.-tu _IRI_ Ma-gid6-da ki
___ tu _URU_ Me-gid6-da ki
___from _city_ Megiddo
27.ù yi-iq-bi a-na ia-a- [ ši ]
___u qa a na i ā ši
___and said to me
28.Quote I na- ((No)) šà - geš -__ giš-ru((yes)) : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) a-na-yi
___Quote i-na- __ giš-ru : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) a-na-yi
___QuoteBy boat ....(?by land carriage)
29.ú-ta--ša-ru--šu
___u š š u r u
___(I will) send
30.a-na (_lugal_)_Šarru_-ri ù yi-ìl--šu
___a na (_lugal_)_Šarru_-ri, ù
___to King,
30.5--------------ù yi-ìl--šu
___-----------------u l e q û
___----------------- and take
31.1=diš -ra-ta ù yu-ta-šar-šu
___1=diš -ra-ta
___ 1 Surata
31.5-------------ù yu-ta-šar-šu
___----------------u u š šur u
___---------------- and send (Him)
32.-tu _IRI_ He-na-tu-na ki
___ tu _URU_ He-na-tu-na ki
___from _city_ Hannathon
33.a-na _É_-šu ù 1=diš -ra-ta
___a na _É_-šu,EndQuote ù 1=diš -ra-ta
___To _house_his EndQuote and 1 Surata


segue
33.5-------------ù 1=diš -ra-ta
___---------------u 1=diš -ra-ta
___---------------and 1 Surata
34.la--mi _-BABBAR hi-a _ ip-țì-ir-ri-šu
___le q û _-BABBAR hi-a _
___took silver, returning
34.6-------------ip-țì-ir-ri-šu
___----------------t â r u
___----------------returning
35.i-na _ŠU_-ti-šu : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) ba-di-ú
___i na _ŠU_-ti-šu : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) ba-di-ù
___in "Hand"-his : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) ba-di-ù ! (the ransom!) (the Silver!)

Paragraph IV-(lines 36-47)


36. (P. IV) Ša-ni-tam, mi-na-am-mi ep-ša-ku-
___Ša ni tam, mīnu epē š u
___Furthermore, what (have I) done
36.3----------mi-na-am-mi ep-ša-ku-
___------------- Mi-na-am-mi ep-ša-ku-
___------------- QuoteWhat (have I) done
37.a-na (Šàrru)_Šàr-ri_ _EN_-ia
___a na (Šàrru)_Šàr-ri_ _EN_-ia ?
___to (Šàrru) _King(-ri)_ _Lord_-mine ?
38.i-na- _sig_-ia : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) ya--ìl-li-ni
___i nu ma-(enūma), _sig_-ia : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) ya--ìl-li-ni !
___Now, (I am) contempted !
39. Ù _DUGUD_ : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) yu-ka-bi-id
___ U : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) yu-ka-bi-id (kabta [6] )
___ But are honored
40. _ŠEŠ_ HI-A -ia șé-eh-ru-ta5
___ _ŠEŠ_ HI-A -ia, șe ru, !
___(compatriots)(Brothers) p l. -mine, less important, !EndQuote

segue
41.Ù 1=diš -ra-ta
___U 1=diš -ra-ta
___But 1 Surata
42.yu-ta-šir9
Note: the rest, (majority), of line 42, is the up-side-down cuneiform from Obverse, Line 6
nu-um-ma : ( gl Sumer ge23.jpg ) ha-ia-ma


42.yu-ta-šir9
___aṣû
___brought
43.1=diš La-ab-a-ia ù
___1=diš La-ab-a-ia ù
___ 1 Labaya
43.7--------------ù
___----------------u
___----------------and
44.yu-ta-šir9- 1=diš, d iškur-me-her
___aṣû 1=diš, d iškur-me-her
___brought 1 Ba'al-Mehir
45.a-na _É_-šu-ni
___a na _bītu_-šu, !
___to _house_-his, !

Sub Paragraph
46.Ù lu-ú yi-de-mi
___U, l ū i d û, [7]
___And, "may-it-be" proclaimed (& recognized),
("may you know ")
47.(Šàrru)Šàr-ru EN-ia !
___(Šàrru)Šàr-ru EN-ia !
___King Lord-mine !
(End)
 


See also

Related Research Articles

Hannathon, and of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters, Hinnatuna, or Hinnatuni/Hinnatunu, is the Biblical city/city-state of Hannathon, ; in the Amarna letters correspondence as Hinnatuna, it is a site in southern Canaan, site uncertain. Ancient settlement of Tel Hanaton in Lower Galilee has been suggested as a candidate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 282</span>

Amarna letter EA 282 is a relatively short ovate clay tablet Amarna letter, located in the British Museum, no. 29851.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 252</span> 14th century BCE clay tablet letter from Labaya to an Egyptian Pharaoh

Amarna letter EA 252, titled: Sparing One's Enemies, is a square, mostly flat clay tablet letter written on both sides, and the bottom edge. Each text line was written with a horizontal line scribed below the text line, as well as a vertical left margin-line, scribe line on the obverse of the tablet. The letter contains 14 (15) lines on the obverse, continuing on the bottom tablet edge to conclude at line 31 on the reverse, leaving a small space before the final tablet edge. At least 4 lines from the obverse intrude into the text of the reverse, actually dividing the reverse into a top half and bottom half, and even creating a natural spacing segue to the reverse's text, and the story.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 365</span>

Amarna letter EA 365, titled Furnishing Corvée Workers, is a squarish, mostly flat clay tablet, but thick enough (pillow-shaped), to contain text that continues toward the right margin, the right side of the obverse side, and also to the right side of the reverse side of the tablet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 364</span> Ancient clay tablet with cuneiform writing

Amarna letter EA 364, titled Justified War, is a clay tablet letter from Ayyab, ruler of Aštartu, to Pharaoh Akhenaten.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 86</span> Clay tablet

Amarna letter EA 86, titled: Complaint to an Official, is a somewhat moderate length clay tablet letter from Rib-Hadda of city-state Byblos to Amanappa, an official at the court of the Pharaoh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 271</span>

Amarna letter EA 271, titled: "The Power of the 'Apiru," is a moderately short, tallish, rectangular clay tablet letter, approximately 3 in wide x 4 in tall, from Milkilu the mayor/ruler of Gazru (Gezer), of the mid 14th century BC Amarna letters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 287</span>

Amarna letter EA 287, titled: "A Very Serious Crime," is a tall, finely-inscribed clay tablet letter, approximately 8 in tall, from Abdi-Heba the mayor/ruler of Jerusalem, of the mid 14th century BC Amarna letters. The scribe of his six letters to Egypt were penned by the "Jerusalem scribe"; EA 287 is a moderately long, and involved letter. The Amarna letters, about 300, numbered up to EA 382, are a mid 14th century BC, about 1350 BC and 20–25 years later, correspondence. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, in the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 289</span>

Amarna letter EA 289, titled: "A Reckoning Demanded," is a moderately tall, finely-inscribed clay tablet letter, approximately 6.5 in tall, from Abdi-Heba the mayor/ruler of Jerusalem, of the mid 14th century BC Amarna letters. The scribe of his six letters to Egypt were penned by the "Jerusalem scribe"; EA 289 is a moderately long, and involved letter, mentioning ten named individuals, some more than three times. A total of nine locations are referenced, as well as men of the "Hapiru"-("LÚ-MEŠ-Hapiru-ki"), and men of "Qilyi-ki".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 362</span>

Amarna letter EA 362, titled: "A Commissioner Murdered," is a finely-inscribed clay tablet letter from Rib-Haddi, the mayor/'man' of the city of Byblos,. Byblos, being a large coastal seaport Mediterranean city, was a city that was aligned with Egypt (Miṣri), and housed an Egyptian community. Rib-Haddi, as the city-state leader wrote the largest number of letters to the Pharaoh, in a sub-corpus of the 1350 BC Amarna letters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 286</span>

Amarna letter EA 286, titled: "A Throne Granted, Not Inherited," is a tall, finely-inscribed clay tablet letter, approximately 8 in tall, and 3.5 in wide, from Abdi-Heba the mayor/ruler of Jerusalem, of the mid 14th century BC Amarna letters. The scribe of his six letters to Egypt were penned by the "Jerusalem scribe"; EA 286 is a moderately long, and involved letter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 325</span>

Amarna letter EA 325, titled: "Preparations Completed (2)," is a shorter-length clay tablet Amarna letter from Yidya the governor-'mayor' of Ašqaluna. It is a letter addressing the Pharaoh in high terms, as well as stating the 'governor of Ašqaluna' is making preparations for the arrival of the Pharaoh's archer-army, the archers. EA 325 is a vassal-state letter, and has some similar appearances, for example appearing like letters EA 270 and EA 271.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 15</span> Assyrian clay tablet

Amarna letter EA 15, titled Assyria Joins the International Scene, is a shorter-length clay tablet Amarna letter from Ashur-uballit I of the Land of Assyria,. He addresses the Pharaoh in line 1, the "King (of) Land Miṣri-(Egypt)", thus the use of "Land (of) Assyria".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 26</span>

Amarna letter EA 26, titled To the Queen Mother: Some Missing Gold Statues, is a shorter-length clay tablet Amarna letter from Tushratta of Mittani. Unlike the next letter EA 27 from Tushratta, which is more than twice as tall, and about twice as wide-(XXVII paragraphs), EA 26 is topical and synoptic about recent events about the desire for 'gold statues'. The letter is addressed to the Pharaoh's wife, Teye, and its dimensions are approximately: 6.0 inches (15 cm) tall, 3.5 inches (9 cm) wide, and 1.0 inch (3 cm) thick.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 100</span>

Amarna letter EA 100, titled: "The City of Irqata to the King" is a short-, to moderate-length clay tablet Amarna letter from the city-state of Irqata,, written to the Pharaoh of Egypt. Only one other city sent a clay tablet Amarna letter to the Pharaoh, namely Tunip, letter EA 59, titled: "From the Citizens of Tunip".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 256</span>

Amarna letter EA 256, in short EA 256, catalogued under the title Oaths and Denials, is one of a total of about 350 so-called Amarna letters, belonging to an official correspondence dating to the mid-14th century BC. The initial corpus of letters were found at Akhenaten's city Akhetaten, on the floor of the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh; others were later found, adding to the body of letters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 288</span>


Amarna letter EA 288, titled Benign Neglect, is a tall, finely-inscribed clay tablet letter, approximately 7.5 in tall x 4.5 in wide, broken into two pieces, from Abdi-Heba the mayor/ruler of Jerusalem, of the mid 14th century BC Amarna letters. The scribe of his six letters to Egypt were penned by the "Jerusalem scribe"; EA 288 is a moderately long, and involved letter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 34</span>

Amarna letter EA 34, titled: "The Pharaoh's Reproach Answered", is a moderately tall clay tablet Amarna letter from the King of Alashiya.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amarna letter EA 299</span>

Amarna letter EA 299, titled: "A Plea for Help", is a fairly short clay tablet Amarna letter from "governor" Yapahu of city-state Gazru. The clay tablet surface has been partially eroded, but the cuneiform is still mostly legible.

Amarna letter EA 147, titled A Hymn to the Pharaoh, is a moderate length clay tablet Amarna letter from Abimilku of Tyre-(called Ṣurru in the Abimilku letters, and an island, until the time of Alexander the Great, 330 BC). The letter is a twin letter to EA 149, which is identical in length, and complexity, and EA 147 appears to precede EA 149.

References

  1. 1 2 Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 245, Assignment of Guilt, p. 299-300.
  2. Akkadian language characters & Line Drawing, EA 245: Reverse & Obverse Archived 2015-05-31 at the Wayback Machine , CDLI no. P270957 (Chicago Digital Library Initiative)
  3. CDLI page for EA 245
  4. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh , Glossary, pp. 119-145, epēsu, p. 124; English, "to do, place, treat".
  5. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh , Glossary, pp. 119-145, sakāpu, p. 138; English, "to lie down, rest".
  6. Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 107, "Charioteers but no horses", pp. 180-181; note 2 for DUGUD, read "kabta", related to English "important (person)", "honored".
  7. Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh , Glossary, pp. 119-145, idû, p. 127; English, "to know". "to make known, recognize", "to inform, proclaim"