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American Toad is a solitaire game using two decks of playing cards. This game is similar to Canfield except that the tableau builds down in suit, and a partial tableau stack cannot be moved (only the top card or entire stack can be moved). The object of the game is to move all cards to the foundations. [1]
American Toad has eight tableau stacks. Each tableau stack contains one card and builds down in suit wrapping from Ace to King, e.g. 3♠, 2♠, A♠, K♠...
There are also eight foundations that build up in suit, e.g. 7♦, 8♦, 9♦...
The game includes one reserve pile with twenty cards that can be played onto the tableau or foundations. There is a deck usually at the bottom right that turns up one card at a time.
One card is dealt onto the first foundation. This rank will be used as a base for the other foundations. The foundations build up in suit, wrapping from King to Ace as necessary. Cards in the tableau can be moved to a foundation or onto another tableau stack. The tableau builds down in suit wrapping from Ace to King. Empty spaces are filled automatically from the reserve. Once the reserve is empty, spaces in the tableau can be filled with a card from the Deck, but NOT from another tableau pile. When moving tableau piles, you must either move the whole pile or only the top card, e.g. if you have a [4♣, 3♣, 2♣, A♣], you can move all four cards or just A♣, but you could NOT move [3♣, 2♣, A♣] onto another 4♣.
The deck is turned up one card at a time. These cards can be moved to the tableau or to the foundations. Only two passes through the deck are allowed. The game is won after all cards have been moved to the foundations.
Games of patience, or (card) solitaires as they are usually called in North America, have their own 'language' of specialised terms such as "building down", "packing", "foundations", "talon" and "tableau". Once learnt they are helpful in describing, succinctly and accurately, how the games are played. Patience games are usually for a single player, although a small number have been designed for two and, in rare cases, three or even four players. They are games of skill or chance or a combination of the two. There are three classes of patience grouped by object.
Klondike, also known as Canfield, is a card game for one player and the best known and most popular version of the patience or solitaire family, something which "defies explanation" as it has one of the lowest rates of success of any such game. Partly because of that, it has spawned numerous variants including Batsford, Easthaven, King Albert, Thumb and Pouch, Somerset or Usk and Whitehead, as well as the American variants of the games, Agnes and Westcliff. The distinguishing feature of all variants is a triangular layout of the tableau, building in ascending sequence and packing in descending order.
Canfield (US) or Demon (UK) is a patience or solitaire card game with a very low probability of winning. It was an English game first called Demon Patience and described as "the best game for one pack that has yet been invented", but was popularised in the United States at the turn of the 20th century by casino owner Richard A. Canfield, who turned it into a casino game. As a result it became known as Canfield in the United States, while continuing to be called Demon Patience in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. It is closely related to Klondike, and is one of the most popular games of its type.
British Square is a patience or solitaire card game which uses two decks of 52 playing cards each. It is a fan-type game in the style of La Belle Lucie. It has an unusual feature of switchback building whereby each foundation is first built up and then built down.
Bristol is a Patience game using a deck of 52 playing cards. It is a fan-type game in the style of La Belle Lucie. It has an unusual feature of building regardless of suit on both the foundations and on the tableau; it is also one of the easiest to win. It was invented by Morehead & Mott-Smith.
Eagle Wing is a Patience game which is played with a deck of 52 playing cards. The game takes its name from the tableau which depicts an eagle-like bird spreading its wings in flight. It is somewhat related to the Canfield variant Storehouse.
Queen of Italy is a solitaire card game played with two decks of playing cards. It is a very strategic game that rewards careful planning, since the cards that potentially block the game are presented at the start, and with care it can be completed about half the number of attempts.
Duchess or Glenwood is a patience or solitaire card game which uses a deck of 52 playing cards. It has all four typical features of a traditional patience or solitaire game: a tableau, a reserve, a stock or talon and a wastepile. It is relatively easy to get out. It is a reserved packer, the same type of game as Canfield or Demon. Arnold describes it as "an interesting game with a fair chance of a favourable outcome."
Grand Duchess is a solitaire card game which is played with two decks of playing cards. It is a two deck game in the Sir Tommy family. One unique feature of this game is the building of the reserve, which is not used until the entire stock runs out.
Frog is an old French patience or solitaire card game which is played with two decks of playing cards. It belongs to the same family of solitaire games as Strategy, Sir Tommy, Calculation, and Puss in the Corner. Game-play is like Sir Tommy, but with two decks, a fifth waste pile, and a Canfield-like reserve. In its native France it is known as Le Crapaud.
Archway is a solitaire card game using two decks of 52 playing cards. Its goal is to bring all 104 cards into the foundation. It was invented by David Parlett, and is based on an old French solitaire game called La Chatelaine.
Algerian or Algerian Patience is a unique and difficult patience or card solitaire using two decks of playing cards. The object of the game is to build 8 foundations down from King to Ace or up from Ace to King in suit.
Aces and Kings is a challenging and original solitaire game using two decks of playing cards, and was created by Thomas Warfield. The object of the game is to build 8 foundations down from King to Ace or up from Ace to King without regard to suit.
Backbone is a unique and difficult solitaire game using two decks of playing cards. The object of this game is to move all cards to the Foundations.
Batsford is a patience or card solitaire similar to Klondike except that it uses two decks instead of one. The cards are turned up one at a time during a single pass through the deck, and there is also a reserve pile available for a single King.
Casket is a moderately easy solitaire game using two decks. The object of the game is to move all of the cards to the foundations.
Corona is a relatively long and difficult patience or card solitaire using two decks. The object of the game is to move all of the cards to the foundations. Successfully winning the game is considered difficult.
Australian Patience is a patience or card solitaire using one deck of playing cards. This game is a challenging combination of Klondike and Scorpion, and is also closely related to Yukon. The object of the game is to move all of the cards to the Foundations.
Double Canfield is a solitaire game using two decks of playing cards. The object of the game is to move all of the cards to the Foundations.
Acme is a patience or card solitaire of the reserved packer type using a single deck of playing cards.
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