Related Research Articles
Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B1, is a vitamin, an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. It is found in food and commercially synthesized to be a dietary supplement or medication. Phosphorylated forms of thiamine are required for some metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of glucose and amino acids.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is the combined presence of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff syndrome. Due to the close relationship between these two disorders, people with either are usually diagnosed with WKS as a single syndrome. It mainly causes vision changes, ataxia and impaired memory.
Wernicke encephalopathy (WE), also Wernicke's encephalopathy, or wet brain is the presence of neurological symptoms caused by biochemical lesions of the central nervous system after exhaustion of B-vitamin reserves, in particular thiamine (vitamin B1). The condition is part of a larger group of thiamine deficiency disorders that includes beriberi, in all its forms, and alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome. When it occurs simultaneously with alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome it is known as Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome.
Leigh syndrome is an inherited neurometabolic disorder that affects the central nervous system. It is named after Archibald Denis Leigh, a British neuropsychiatrist who first described the condition in 1951. Normal levels of thiamine, thiamine monophosphate, and thiamine diphosphate are commonly found, but there is a reduced or absent level of thiamine triphosphate. This is thought to be caused by a blockage in the enzyme thiamine-diphosphate kinase, and therefore treatment in some patients would be to take thiamine triphosphate daily. While the majority of patients typically exhibit symptoms between the ages of 3 and 12 months, instances of adult onset have also been documented.
Thiaminase is an enzyme that metabolizes or breaks down thiamine into pyrimidine and thiazole. It is an antinutrient when consumed.
Derek Summerfield is an honorary senior lecturer at London's Institute of Psychiatry and a member of the Executive Committee of Transcultural Special Interest Group at the Royal College of Psychiatry. He is also an Honorary Fellow of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association. He has published around 150 papers and has made other contributions in medical and social sciences literature.
Amaurosis is vision loss or weakness that occurs without an apparent lesion affecting the eye. It may result from either a medical condition or excess acceleration, as in flight. The term is the same as the Latin gutta serena, which means, in Latin, clear drop. Gutta serena is a condition of partial or complete blindness with a transparent, clear pupil. This term contrasts with suffusio nigra which means, in Latin, dark suffusion, indicating partial or complete blindness with a dark pupil, e.g., a cataract. Milton, already totally blind for twelve years by the time he published Paradise Lost, refers to these terms in Book 3, lines 25–26.
Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy is a group of medical disorders defined by visual impairment due to optic nerve damage secondary to a toxic substance and/or nutritional deficiency. The causes of these disorders are various, but they are linked by shared signs and symptoms, which this article will describe. In several of these disorders, both toxic and nutritional factors play a role, acting synergistically.
Thiamine deficiency is a medical condition of low levels of thiamine (Vitamin B1). A severe and chronic form is known as beriberi. The two main types in adults are wet beriberi and dry beriberi. Wet beriberi affects the cardiovascular system, resulting in a fast heart rate, shortness of breath, and leg swelling. Dry beriberi affects the nervous system, resulting in numbness of the hands and feet, confusion, trouble moving the legs, and pain. A form with loss of appetite and constipation may also occur. Another type, acute beriberi, found mostly in babies, presents with loss of appetite, vomiting, lactic acidosis, changes in heart rate, and enlargement of the heart.
Alice Mary Stewart, néeNaish was a British physician and epidemiologist specialising in social medicine and the effects of radiation on health. Her study of radiation-induced illness among workers at the Hanford plutonium production plant, Washington, is frequently cited by those who seek to demonstrate that even very low doses of radiation cause substantial hazard. She was the first person to demonstrate the link between x-rays of pregnant women and high cancer rates in their children. She was awarded the Right Livelihood Award in 1986 "for bringing to light in the face of official opposition the real dangers of low-level radiation."
The Lumleian Lectures are a series of annual lectures started in 1582 by the Royal College of Physicians and currently run by the Lumleian Trust. The name commemorates John Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley, who with Richard Caldwell of the College endowed the lectures, initially confined to surgery, but now on general medicine. William Harvey did not announce his work on the circulation of the blood in the Lumleian Lecture for 1616 although he had some partial notes on the heart and blood which led to the discovery of the circulation ten years later. By that time ambitious plans for a full anatomy course based on weekly lectures had been scaled back to a lecture three times a year.
Elston Grey-Turner was a British medical doctor who served in World War II and was on the staff of the British Medical Association for many years.
Otto Herbert Wolff, was a German born medical scientist, paediatrician and was the Nuffield Professor of Child Health at Great Ormond Street Hospital. Wolff was notable for being one of the first paediatricians in Britain to set up a clinic for obese children. Later research into plasma lipids with Harold Salt pioneered the techniques of lipoprotein electrophoresis. He later conducted research into the role of lipid disturbance in childhood as a precursor of coronary artery disease and his recognition in 1960 of the rare condition of abetalipoproteinaemia. Wolff was also co-discoverer of the Edwards syndrome in abnormal chromosomes.
Leslie John Witts (1898–1982) was a British physician and pioneering haematologist.
Arnold Peter Meiklejohn was an English physician and academic, specializing in nutrition.
The Medical Art Society (MAS) is a British society for doctors, dentists and veterinary surgeons who draw, paint and sculpt. It was established in 1934 by a group of doctors, including the plastic surgeon Sir Harold Gillies and the physiologist Sir Leonard Hill.
Ernest Frederic Neve (1861-1946) was a British surgeon, Christian medical missionary, and author who provided medical care to the people of Kashmir and pioneered work on Kangri cancer. He established the Kashmir Mission Hospital and the Kashmir State Leper Hospital with his brother Arthur Neve and made significant contributions to the healthcare facilities in Kashmir throughout the over 50 years that he spent there.
William Campbell Maclean was a Surgeon General in the Indian Medical Service. He founded the Hyderabad Medical School which later became the Osmania Medical College. He served as a professor of military medicine at the Army Medical School in Netley from 1860 to 1886.
The Huxley Lecture was a memorial lecture instituted by Charing Cross Hospital Medical School in 1896 to honour Thomas Henry Huxley and is delivered biennially. The Huxley Lecture was one of two memorial lectures created to honour Huxley. The other lecture series is known as The Huxley Memorial Medal and Lecture and was created in 1900 by the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.
William Fletcher was an English medical doctor who in 1907 published the results of an experiment showing beriberi could be prevented by eating unpolished rice.
References
- ↑ De Prins, J.; De Prins, W. (2017). "Anaphe venata Butler, 1878". Afromoths. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
- ↑ Neki, Nirankar Singh (2015). "Wernicke's Encephalopathy". Journal of Pioneering Medical Sciences. 5 (3): 107–112. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
Recently, two other conditions that seem to be directly related to Th deficiency have been described: African (Nigerian) seasonal ataxia and gastrointestinal beriberi.
- 1 2 3 McCandless, David W. (2010). Thiamine deficiency and associated clinical disorders. Humana Press. pp. 104–106. doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-311-4. ISBN 9781607613107. S2CID 79313711.
- ↑ Adamolekun, B (1992). "A seasonal ataxic syndrome in southwestern Nigeria: an etiological hypothesis of acute thiamine deficiency". Ethn Dis. 2 (2): 185–6. PMID 1467756.
- ↑ Wright, J; Morley, DC (1958-04-26). "Encephalitis tremes". The Lancet. 271 (7026): 871–873. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(58)91626-X. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 13526299.
- ↑ Coakham, H (1972-04-01). "Rapid irregular movements of eyes and limbs". British Medical Journal. 2 (5804): 45–46. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5804.45-b. ISSN 0007-1447. PMC 1789020 . PMID 5015975.
- ↑ Osuntokun, B O (1972-06-03). "Epidemic ataxia in Western Nigeria". British Medical Journal. 2 (5813): 589. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5813.589-a. ISSN 0007-1447. PMC 1788113 . PMID 5032789.
- Arctiidae genus list at Butterflies and Moths of the World of the Natural History Museum
 | This article on a moth of the family Notodontidae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |