Xanthosoma is a genus of flowering plants in the arum family, Araceae. The genus is native to tropical America but widely cultivated and naturalized in other tropical regions. Several are grown for their starchy corms, an important food staple of tropical regions, known variously as malanga, otoy, otoe, cocoyam, tannia, tannier, yautía, macabo, ocumo, macal, taioba, dasheen, quequisque, ʻape and as Singapore taro. Many other species, including especially Xanthosoma roseum, are used as ornamental plants; in popular horticultural literature these species may be known as ‘ape due to resemblance to the true Polynesian ʻape, Alocasia macrorrhizos, or as elephant ear from visual resemblance of the leaf to an elephant's ear. Sometimes the latter name is also applied to members in the closely related genera Caladium, Colocasia (taro), and Alocasia.
Hevea is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, with about ten members. It is also one of many names used commercially for the wood of the most economically important rubber tree, H. brasiliensis. The genus is native to tropical South America but is widely cultivated in other tropical countries and naturalized in several of them. It was first described in 1775.
Caladium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. They are often known by the common name elephant ear, heart of Jesus, and angel wings. There are over 1000 named cultivars of Caladium bicolor from the original South American plant.
Conceveiba is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae, first described as a genus in 1775. It is native to South America and Central America.
- Conceveiba guianensisAubl. - Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, 3 Guianas
- Conceveiba hostmaniiBenth. - Guyana, Suriname, Amazonas State in Brazil
- Conceveiba krukoffiiSteyerm. - Venezuela, French Guiana, NW Brazil
- Conceveiba latifoliaBenth. - Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Amazonas State in Brazil
- Conceveiba martianaBaill. - Venezuela, French Guiana, NW Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia
- Conceveiba maynasensisSecco - Loreto in Peru
- Conceveiba parvifoliaMcPherson - Panama, NW Colombia
- Conceveiba pleiostemonaDonn.Sm. - Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Colombia, Venezuela
- Conceveiba praealta(Croizat) Punt ex J.Murillo - NW Brazil
- Conceveiba ptariana(Steyerm.) Jabl. - S Venezuela
- Conceveiba rhytidocarpaMüll.Arg. - Colombia, Ecuador, Peru
- Conceveiba santanderensisJ.Murillo - NW Colombia
- Conceveiba terminalis(Baill.) Müll.Arg. - Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, NW Brazil, Colombia, Peru
- Conceveiba tristigmataJ.Murillo - Colombia, Venezuela, NW Brazil
Micrandra is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described in 1854. It is native to South America.
Discocarpus is a genus of the plant family Phyllanthaceae first described as a genus in 1841. It is native to northern South America. It is dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.
- Discocarpus essequeboensisKlotzsch - Brazil, Venezuela (Amazonas), Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana
- Discocarpus gentryiS.M.Hayden - S Venezuela (Amazonas), Peru (Loreto), N Brazil
- Discocarpus pedicellatusFiaschi & Cordeiro - State of Bahia in Brazil
- Discocarpus spruceanusMüll.Arg. - Venezuela (Amazonas), Brazil, Suriname (Sipaliwini), Bolivia
Dracontium is a genus of flowering plants similar to those of Amorphophallus. Unlike Amorphophallus which is found in the Old World, this genus has a New World distribution and is native to South America, Central America, southern Mexico, and the West Indies.
Corythophora is a genus of woody plant in the Lecythidaceae family first described as a genus in 1939. It is native to northeastern South America.
- Corythophora altaR.Knuth - Pará, Amazonas
- Corythophora amapaensisPires ex S.A.Mori & Prance - French Guiana, Amapá
- Corythophora labriculata(Eyma) S.A.Mori & Prance - Suriname
- Corythophora rimosaW.A.Rodrigues - French Guiana, Amazonas, Amapá, Suriname
Micropholis is group of trees in the family Sapotaceae, described as a genus in 1891.
Rhodospatha is a genus of plant in family Araceae. It is native to South America, Central America, and southern Mexico.
Cyrtosperma is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. The genus went through considerable taxonomic changes in the 1980s, and as a result is now considered to be native only to Southeast Asia and some Pacific islands. Previously, the genus was believed to be widespread from Asia to Africa and South America, but the African and South American species were subsequently moved into separate genera. Cyrtosperma is now known to be most prominent in New Guinea. The genus Cyrtosperma is unique in this regards because it is the only known big genus in Araceae that is known to be found east of Wallace's line.
Montrichardia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae. It contains two species, Montrichardia arborescens and Montrichardia linifera, and one extinct species Montrichardia aquatica. The genus is helophytic and distributed in tropical America. The extinct species M. aquatica is known from fossils found in a Neotropical rainforest environment preserved in the Paleocene Cerrejón Formation of Colombia. Living Montrichardia species have a diploid chromosome number of 2n=48.
Otachyrium is a genus of South American plants in the grass family.
Aechmea egleriana is a plant species in the genus Aechmea. This species is native to Venezuela, French Guiana and northern Brazil.
Hylaeorchis is a genus of epiphytic orchids. There is only one known species, Hylaeorchis petiolaris, native to northwestern South America.
Philonotion is a genus of plants in the family Araceae. It has three known species, native to tropical South America. Some authorities regard it as part of the related genus Schismatoglottis.
- Philonotion americanum(A.M.E.Jonker & Jonker) S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce - Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas
- Philonotion bolivaranum(G.S.Bunting & Steyerm.) S.Y.Wong & P.C.Boyce - Venezuela
- Philonotion spruceanumSchott - Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, northwestern Brazil
Monotrema is a group of plants in the family Rapateaceae described as a genus in 1872.
Rapatea is a group of plants in the family Rapateaceae described as a genus in 1775.
Stegolepis is a group of plants in the family Rapateaceae described as a genus in 1872.
Saxo-fridericia is a group of plants in the family Rapateaceae described as a genus in 1845.
