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A truffle is the fruiting body of a subterranean ascomycete fungus, predominantly one of the many species of the genus Tuber. In addition to Tuber, over one hundred other genera of fungi are classified as truffles including Geopora, Peziza, Choiromyces, and Leucangium. These genera belong to the class Pezizomycetes and the Pezizales order. Several truffle-like basidiomycetes are excluded from Pezizales, including Rhizopogon and Glomus. Truffles are ectomycorrhizal fungi, so they are usually found in close association with tree roots. Spore dispersal is accomplished through fungivores, animals that eat fungi. These fungi have significant ecological roles in nutrient cycling and drought tolerance.
The Albatrellaceae are a family of fungi in the order Russulales. The family contains 9 genera and more than 45 species.
Rhizopogonaceae are a family of fungi in the order Boletales. The family, first named and described by botanists Ernst Albert Gäumann and Carroll William Dodge in 1928, contains 2 genera and 151 species. The genus Fevansia, formerly thought to belong in the Rhizopogonaceae, was found to belong in the Albatrellaceae in a molecular phylogenetics study.
Royoungia is a fungal genus in the family Boletaceae. This genus is represented by the type species Royoungia boletoides, which was found in Australia. In 2016, 5 more species were found in China.
Fevansia is a fungal genus in the family Albatrellaceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single rare truffle-like species Fevansia aurantiaca, found in old-growth forests of Oregon. The name Fevansia honors Frank Evans of the North American Truffling Society, who collected the holotype specimen. Aurantiaca is Latin for "pale orange", referring to the color of the peridium.
Austrogautieria is a genus of truffle-like fungi in the family Gallaceaceae. Segregated from the genus Gautieria in 1986, the genus contains six species found in Australia.
Destuntzia is a genus of truffle-like fungi in the family Claustulaceae. The genus contains three species found in North America. It is named after late American mycologist Daniel Elliot Stuntz.
Austropaxillus is a genus of fungi in the family Serpulaceae, containing nine species found in Australia, New Zealand and South America.
Gymnopaxillus is a genus of fungi in the family Serpulaceae. According to the Dictionary of the Fungi, the family contains four species found in temperate South America and Australia. Gymnopaxillus was circumscribed by mycologist Egon Horak in 1966 with G. morchelliformis as the type species. G. crubensis, described from Argentina, was added in 1989, while the Australasian species G. nudus and G. vestitus were added to the genus in 2001.
Trappea is a genus of truffle-like fungi in the Trappeaceae family. Species of Trappea have been found in China, Europe, and North America.
Reddellomyces is a genus of truffle-like fungi in the Tuberaceae family. The genus, circumscribed in 1992, contains four species found in Australasia and the Mediterranean.
Chondrogaster is a genus of truffle-like fungi in the Mesophelliaceae family. The genus, described by French mycologist René Maire in 1926, contains two species, the type Chondrogaster pachysporus, and Chondrogaster angustisporus, described in 2000. Collectively, Chondrogaster is found in Mauritania, Brazil, and Europe.
Gummiglobus is a genus of truffle-like fungi in the Mesophelliaceae family. The genus contains Australian two species described as new to science in 1996. The species, G. agglutinosporus and G. joyceae, "have columellae with wedge-shaped to digitate or strand-like projections that extend to the endocutis of the peridium and are embedded in a remarkable gummy tissue".
Gummivena is a fungal genus in the Mesophelliaceae family. The genus is monotypic, containing the single truffle-like species Gummivena potorooi, found in Western Australia. Described as new to science in 2002, Gummivena is intermediate in form between Castoreum and Gummiglobus, and has a gleba with "veins" of gummy tissue and a three-layered peridium. The specific epithet potorooi refers the fact that the fungus is found only in the range of the rare and endangered species Gilbert's potoroo.
Malajczukia is a genus of truffle-like fungi in the Mesophelliaceae family. The genus contains eight species found in Australia and New Zealand.
Kalapuya brunnea is a species of truffle in the monotypic fungal genus Kalapuya. The truffle occurs only in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, in western Oregon and northern California. Known locally as the Oregon brown truffle, it was formerly thought to be an undescribed species of Leucangium until molecular analysis demonstrated that it was distinct from that genus. The truffle is reddish brown with a rough and warty outer skin, while the interior spore-producing gleba is initially whitish before developing greyish-brown mottling as it matures. Mature truffles have an odor resembling garlicky cheese, similar to mature Camembert. The species has been harvested for culinary purposes in Oregon.
Kjeldsenia is a fungal genus in the family Claustulaceae of truffle-like species. It was first described in 1995 and in Mendocino County, California. The genus name honors C.K. Kjeldsen, professor of botany at Sonoma State University, while the specific epithet for the type species aureispora refers to the color of the spores when they are viewed in transmitted light.
James Martin Trappe is a mycologist and expert in the field of North American truffle species. He has authored or co-authored 450 scientific papers and written three books on the subject. MycoBank lists him as either author or co-author of 401 individual species, and over the course of his career he has helped guide research on mycorrhizal fungi, and reshaped truffle taxonomy: establishing a new order, two new families, and 40 individual genera.
Destuntzia rubra is a species of truffle-like fungus in the family Claustulaceae, and the type species of the genus Destuntzia. The fungus was first described scientifically in 1899 by H. W. Harkness as Hymenogaster ruber. Robert Fogel and James Trappe transferred it to Destuntzia in 1985.
Dr Teresa Lebel is a taxonomist and ecologist who works on fungi, with a particular interest in subterranean truffle-like fungi and their mushroom, bolete, bracket or cup relatives.
References
- ↑ "Andebbia pachythrix (Cooke & Massee) Trappe, Castellano & Amar. 1996". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2014-07-01.
- ↑ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
- ↑ Trappe JM, Castellano MA, Amaranthus MP (1996). "Australasian truffle-like fungi. VIII. Gummiglobus and Andebbia gen. nov. (Basidiomycotina, Mesophelliaceae) and a supplement to the nomenclatural bibliography of Basidiomycotina". Australian Systematic Botany. 9 (5): 803–11. doi:10.1071/SB9960803.
