Anlaby or Anlaby Station is a historic heritage tourism destination located about 12 kilometres (7 miles) southeast of Marrabel and 14 kilometres (9 miles) north of Kapunda in South Australia. The property was originally established in 1839 by Frederick Dutton, and is home to the oldest Merino stud in South Australia and the second-oldest in Australia. Anlaby features a significant collection of heritage buildings on the South Australian Heritage Register, extensive gardens covering 10 acres, and continues to operate as a working farm.
The locality was first explored by Europeans in March 1838 by the party of Hill, Wood, Willis, and Oakden, who were scouting an overlanding route from the Murray.
The station is the oldest merino stud in Australia and was settled in 1839 by Capt. John Finnis,[1] who called it "Mount Dispersion"[2] (the Aboriginal name was Pudna), and stocked it with 12,000 sheep.[3] The property was acquired in 1841 by Frederick Dutton, at which time it was at the frontier of European settlement. In the early days Anlaby extended from near Kapunda to Tothill's Creek occupying an area of 160,000 acres (64,750ha) with a length of 25 miles (40km) and a width of 10 miles (16km).[4] The neighbouring pastoralist to the west and north was W. S. Peter, while to the south was Bagot'sKoonunga. To the east was the Murray scrub. A two-man mounted police station was established at Julia Creek between 1842 and 1846 to protect the Anlaby and Koonunga flocks from attacks by local Aboriginal people. The property ran as many as 70,000 sheep and shearing lasted nine months, employing 70 people.[5]
In 1843 a log hut was constructed for the manager Alexander Buchanan. The name of the run was also changed by Dutton to Anlaby, the name of the Yorkshire village that his sister's husband hailed from.[4] By 1851 the property had been reduced to 70,000 acres (28,328ha), with the loss of another 24,000 acres (9,712ha) so that closer settlement could be made. The homestead, comprising three interconnected wings, was constructed in 1861 for Alexander Buchanan.
Another 30,000 acres (12,141ha) from Anlaby was subdivided for wheat farming up until 1917. Returned servicemen were allocated another 8,000 acres (3,237ha) between 1918 and 1922 in the Soldiers Settlement Scheme.
Frederick Dutton died in 1890 and left Anlaby to his nephew Henry Dutton, who was responsible for making significant extensions to the house and gardens. Notably, Henry ordered an enormous conservatory be built in the gardens by A. Simpson & Son of Adelaide in 1891.[8]
Henry's son, Henry Hampden Dutton (H.H. or "Harry"), inherited the property upon his death in 1914. Harry married the accomplished musician and socialite Emily Martin on 29 November 1905.[9] Together they carried out extensive improvements at Anlaby, including the addition of a library in 1928, designed to hold the family's expanding collection of first edition books.[10] A set of four oil paintings by Thomas Baines, who accompanied Augustus Gregory on his 1855 expedition to the Northern Territory, were acquired by Harry to hang above the library's fireplace.[11] The library included complete sets such as James Cook's Voyages and John Gould's Mammals of Australia.[12]
On Henry's death in 1932 Emily took over management of the station and the 1132 ewes she inherited.[13]
Façade of Anlaby Homestead, near Kapunda, South Australia, c.1936
Miles Franklin, describing the exotic trees in the gardens close to the house and the distinct lack of Australian natives, said it was like a ring around the house to keep Australia out.[14]
The Anlaby Pastoral Company was formed in 1960 and took over control of the property. Partners were Emily Dutton (manager), John H. Dutton, Geoffrey P. Dutton, Helen Blackburn and Leonie Dutton. By 1968 the stud and property were acquired by the Mosey family. In early 2009 Andrew Morphett acquired the Anlaby Stud.[13]
Managers
Anlaby Station was managed by a succession of individuals when the property was owned by the Dutton family. The managers were:
Henry Thomas Morris (21 November 1823 – 20 October 1911) a nephew of John Hindmarsh, and one of the original HMSBuffaloimmigrants of 1836. Served as manager at Anlaby following Buchanan's death, until 1890. Originally served as a stock inspector.[15]
Peter Mayoh Miller; served as manager under Henry Dutton, between 1890, and his retirement on 1 November 1895.[16][17][18]
Claude de Neufville Lucas (3 Oct 1873 – 26 April 1936); assumed position of manager following Miller's resignation. Served between 1895 and 1932.[19][20]
Harry Edkins; manager until 1945. Prior to taking control of Anlaby, he managed Uno Station,[21]Iron Knob, which was also owned by the Dutton family.[22][23]
Anlaby Homestead and the Anlaby Shearing Shed, Slaughterhouse, Shearers' Quarters and Manager's House are both separately listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.[24][25]
Woolshed (Shearing Shed)
The first woolshed at Anlaby was constructed in the early years of the property, possibly in 1841. It was a wooden structure demolished in 1871 to make way for a new shed.[26] The new stone shed, which measured 85ft by 46ft, was designed by William Gore. A German-born immigrant, Johann Friedrich Schramm, won the contract to build the shed, while the work was overseen by the Adelaide-based engineering firm, English & Rees.[27][28] Manager, Henry Morris, placed £1 under the foundation stone on 11 July 1871, and the shed was completed in time for shearing on 15 September 1871.[29] A short distance away, the Shearer's Kitchen was constructed by Kapunda-based plasterer and contractor, Peter McLaren, for accommodation and dining. In 1871, shearer's consumed the carcasses of eight to nine sheep, between 60 and 70 gallons of tea, and a large quantity of bread.[29] A galvanised iron extension shed was added in 1904, and in 1906 mechanised shearing was undertaken for the first time.[30]
Heritage gardens
The 10-acre garden and arboretums at Anlaby contain the largest collection of National Trust registered heritage trees in one location under private ownership in Australia. There are 620 specimens, including Australian natives and exotic tree specimens from around the world.[31]
Some of the most important heritage-listed planting include:
Kapunda is a town on the Light River near the Barossa Valley in South Australia. It was established after a discovery in 1842 of significant copper deposits. The population was 2,917 at the 2016 Australian census.
Cedrus deodara, the deodar cedar, Himalayan cedar, or deodar, is a species of cedar native to the Himalayas.
Francis Stacker Dutton CMG was the seventh Premier of South Australia, serving twice, firstly in 1863 and again in 1865.
Hamilton is a small township in the Mount Lofty Ranges in South Australia. It is about 120 km northeast of Adelaide, South Australia, about 23 km north of Kapunda. Once a stop for the mining carts going from Adelaide to Burra, but now just a small agricultural district.
Geoffrey 'Geppie' Piers Henry Dutton AO was an Australian author and historian.
Kapunda Football Club, nicknamed The Lachbombers, is an Australian rules football club, based in Kapunda, South Australia, that competes in the Barossa Light & Gawler Football Association.
Hansborough is a locality along the Thiele Highway, in South Australia's Mid North region. It is situated 9 kilometres south-west of Eudunda and 18 kilometres north-east of Kapunda. The Light River runs through the locality.
Charles Hervey Bagot, often referred to as "Captain Bagot", was a South Australian pastoralist, mine owner and parliamentarian, and was the ancestor of a number of notable South Australian citizens.
Frederick Hansborough Dutton was a pastoralist and politician in the colony of South Australia.
James "Nobby" White was a pastoralist, land agent and politician in the colony of South Australia.
Henry Hampden Dutton, often referred to as Harry Dutton, was a South Australian pastoralist, remembered for in 1908 making the first automobile journey from Adelaide to Port Darwin.
William Hampden Dutton, generally known as Hampden Dutton, was a pioneering pastoralist in New South Wales and South Australia.
Henry Dutton was a pastoralist in South Australia, known as the "Squire of Anlaby". He was the father of Henry Hampden Dutton and a grandfather of writer Geoffrey Dutton.
Emily Dutton was a businesswoman, musician and socialite of South Australia, wife of Henry Hampden Dutton. She was for many years manager of Anlaby Station and managing director of Anlaby Pastoral Company.
Buchanan is a rural locality in the Mid North region of South Australia, situated in the Regional Council of Goyder. It was established in August 2000, when boundaries were formalised for the "long established local name".
Kinchega Woolshed is a heritage-listed former shearing shed located 15km south-west of Menindee township, Central Darling Shire, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from in 1875. The property is owned by the New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
Golden Vale is a heritage-listed farm and country residence at Golden Vale Road, Sutton Forest, Wingecarribee Shire, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1868 to 1869. It is also known as Golden Valley. The property is owned by the National Trust of Australia (NSW). It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.
Alexander Buchanan was Master of the Supreme Court of South Australia from 1891 to 1912 and puisne judge 1916–1921.
Alexander Buchanan was an early pioneer in South Australia, responsible for bringing sheep overland from NSW, most notably for pastoralist, Frederick Dutton. He later served as manager at Anlaby Station. He was also a Justice of the Peace.
Ninette Clarice Florence Dutton OAM (1923–2007), was an artist, broadcaster and author. She was the wife of author Geoffrey Dutton.
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