Founded | 1931 |
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Founder | J. Murray Luck |
Country of origin | United States |
Headquarters location | San Mateo, California [1] |
Key people |
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Publication types | Academic journals, online magazine |
Nonfiction topics | Life, biomedical, physical, and social sciences |
Official website | www |
Annual Reviews is an independent, non-profit academic publishing company based in San Mateo, California. As of 2021, it publishes 51 journals of review articles and Knowable Magazine , covering the fields of life, biomedical, physical, and social sciences. [3] Review articles are usually "peer-invited" solicited submissions, often planned one to two years in advance, which go through a peer-review process. [4] The organizational structure has three levels: a volunteer board of directors, editorial committees of experts for each journal, and paid employees. [5]
Annual Reviews' stated mission is to synthesize and integrate knowledge "for the progress of science and the benefit of society". [6] [7] The first Annual Reviews journal, the Annual Review of Biochemistry , was published in 1932 under the editorship of Stanford University chemist J. Murray Luck, who wanted to create a resource that provided critical reviews on contemporary research. The second journal was added in 1939. By 1982, Annual Reviews published 24 titles, and by 2021 it published 51. In 2016, the company piloted the "Subscribe to Open" (S2O) publishing model, under which a journal's newest volume is published open access as long as subscription support is sufficient. As of 2022, all 51 journals are being offered under the S2O model.
The Annual Review of Biochemistry was the creation of Stanford University chemist and professor J. Murray Luck. [7] [8] In designing a course for graduate students in 1930, he saw the need for a resource that condensed the large volume of biochemistry research into review articles. Luck asked about 50 biochemists in the US, United Kingdom, and Canada if an annual volume of critical reviews on biochemistry research would be useful. Response was positive. [8] [9] [10]
Luck formed an initial advisory committee which included Carl L. Alsberg at Stanford, [11] and Dennis Robert Hoagland [12] [13] and Carl Louis August Schmidt from the University of California, Berkeley. [14] [15] [16] [8] Stanford University Press agreed to publish the journal on a three-year contract, with financial assistance from the Chemical Foundation headed by Francis Garvan. [8] [9] [17] Stanford University gave the journal rent-free office space in the Physiology building (Outer Quad) beginning in 1931. [10] [18] : 6 The first volume of the Annual Review of Biochemistry was published as of May 3, 1932. [19]
At the completion of the contract with Stanford University Press, the advisory committee of the journal decided to assume a legal identity as the journal's publisher, though keeping Stanford University Press as the printer. On December 12, 1934, they submitted articles of incorporation with the California Secretary of State to create the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Ltd., which was organized as a nonprofit. [18] : 3 In February 1938, the name was changed to Annual Reviews, Inc. [9] On March 28, 2008, the California Secretary of State approved an amendment to the Articles of Incorporation to change the name officially to Annual Reviews. [20]
J. Murray Luck worked for Annual Reviews from 1932 to 1968 and was the founding editor of its first two journals: the Annual Review of Biochemistry (1932-1965) and the Annual Review of Physiology (1939-1946). [21] As further journals were added, each one had its own editorial committee, whose lead editor took the title "Editor" or "Co-editor", and Luck assumed the role of editor-in-chief. [22] He retired from this position as of 1969, but continued to serve on the board of directors as an emeritus member, as well as on the editorial committee of the Annual Review of Biochemistry. [23]
Robert R. Schultz was the organization's official editor-in-chief from 1970 to 1972. [24] [25] William Kaufmann became editor-in-chief of the organization from 1973 to 1981, [26] [27] [28] : 35 followed by Alister Brass from 1981 to 1983. [29] [30] Kaufmann returned from 1983 to 1992. Robert Hall Haynes served as editor-in-chief of the organization from 1992 [31] to 1995. [28] : 35 He was succeeded by Samuel Gubins, who held the positions of president and editor-in-chief from 1995 to 2015. [32] The current president and editor-in-chief, Richard B. Gallagher, succeeded Gubins in 2015. [33]
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In 1938, Annual Reviews and the American Physiological Society agreed to collaborate to create a new journal. The first volume of the Annual Review of Physiology was published in 1939, with the help of Victor E. Hall as assistant editor. [34] Although the original intent was to be international in scope, the first European editors were not included until 1948, following World War II. [35]
A third journal, the Annual Review of Microbiology , was created in 1947 under the editorship of Charles E. Clifton. [36] The increased volume of printing was not feasible for Stanford University Press, so printing of the Annual Review of Physiology, the Annual Review of Microbiology and later volumes of the Annual Review of Biochemistry was contracted out to the George Banta Company of Menasha, Wisconsin. [18]
The Annual Reviews journals were recommended to teachers and librarians as well as scientists. [37] In the 1950s, titles in medicine, [38] psychology, [39] plant physiology, [40] physical chemistry, [41] nuclear and particle science, [42] and entomology were added. [43] Stanford University began to have a serious space shortage, which resulted in Annual Reviews constructing a new office building in nearby Palo Alto, California in 1956. After Santa Clara County used eminent domain to take the property at 231 Grant Avenue, Annual Reviews moved again in 1968, to 4139 El Camino Way, Palo Alto. [44] [18]
By 1982, 24 titles were being published by Annual Reviews. [9] After becoming editor-in-chief in 1995, Samuel Gubins oversaw both a further expansion of journal titles and the first electronic publishing of Annual Reviews journals. The Annual Review of Sociology and the Annual Review of Medicine were the first to be published electronically, in 1996. [45] In 2002, the publisher's entire publication history, covering 70 years and approximately 475,000 pages and 5,400 images, was digitized. [46] [47] The thirtieth journal title was published in 2000. Another 22 titles were added between 2005 and 2019. As of 2021, Annual Reviews has published 52 journals under 64 title variants. Only one, the Annual Review of Computer Science, is no longer in publication. [48]
Annual Reviews has also released some specialty publications: The Excitement and Fascination of Science (1965, 1978, 1990, 1995), consisting of four volumes of autobiographies and reflections by prominent scientists, [49] and Intelligence and Affectivity (1981), a translated volume of lectures given by psychologist Jean Piaget in the 1950s. [50]
In 2017, Annual Reviews announced its first online magazine, Knowable Magazine , with support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. With Knowable Magazine, Annual Reviews expanded from scholarly publishing into science journalism and science communication, explaining and emphasizing the real-world significance of scholarly work. [51]
In 2021, Annual Reviews moved its physical office to 1875 S Grant St., Suite 700, San Mateo, California, as the organizations's staff increasingly worked from home. [1]
As of 2022 [update] Annual Reviews acquired The Charleston Advisor , a peer-reviewed publication for librarians. [52] As of 2023 [update] Annual Reviews also acquired the Charleston Hub and its publication Against the Grain. The Charleston Hub organizes the annual Charleston Conference for academic libraries, librarians, and publishers. [53] A new digital publication called Katina was launched, succeeding The Charleston Advisor, as of November 12, 2024. It is named after The Charleston Advisor's original founder, Katina Strauch. [54]
Each journal publishes one volume per year. As of 2021, all 51 of the current journals are published online, [3] including 21 exclusively online, with 30 journals additionally published in print. [55]
As of 2021, researchers at McGill and Stanford University examined the impact of review articles using a corpus of 6,495 individual review papers published in 54 past and current Annual Reviews journal titles in the biological, physical, and social sciences. The authors noted that Annual Review articles often focus on emerging fields that may be undergoing structural transformations. Examining impact on scholarly discourse, they concluded that "formal, invited Annual Review articles provide a distinctly authoritative source". By identifying "distinct clusters of work" and articles that bridge such clusters, review articles can integrate a topic. Research suggests that they can "shift discourse in a manner that simultaneously simplifies and collapses a knowledge community", helping to define and organize emergent research areas. [5]
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External audio | |
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Episode 76 "Annual Reviews: Evolving to Better Serve the Public Good", The Authority File, 05/04/2019 | |
Episode 77 "Annual Reviews: Public Health, an Open-Access Test Case for Review Literature", The Authority File, 03/11/2019 | |
Episode 78 "Annual Reviews: Science for a Functional Democracy", The Authority File, 03/18/2019 | |
Episode 79 "Annual Reviews: Subscribe to Open", The Authority File, 03/25/2019 |
In 2016, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation awarded six grants for examining the potential for open science and open access, as part of an initiative for Increasing Openness and Transparency in Research. One of the awardees was Annual Reviews, which was interested in finding ways to remove barriers to access to scientific publications. [57] [58] Annual Reviews used the grant to release the Annual Review of Public Health under an open access license in April 2017, and tracked the impact of the change in licensing. [59]
By May 2019, usage of the journal had increased eight-fold relative to 2016 to about 200,000 downloads monthly. For comparison, the titles for clinical psychology and medicine that maintained gated access showed no change in usage. In addition, the audience for the journal increased from 1,100 institutions in 57 countries (2016) to 7,220 institutions in 137 countries (2018). [56]
Annual Reviews has continued to explore the possibilities of open access by developing the "Subscribe to Open" (S2O) publishing model. [58] [60] Subscribe to Open is an example of an assurance contract. [61] In the S2O pilot for 2020, subscribing institutions were asked to maintain their existing subscriptions to the offered journals, less a 5% discount, on the understanding that if enough subscriptions were received, the final content for the journals would be published as open access. If enough subscriptions were not received, the content would remain paywalled. [62] [56] [63] [64] In this way S2O appealed to the individual subscriber's economic self-interest (receiving a discount instead of paying full price), and avoided reliance on collective behavior or altruism. [56] The approach allowed participating publishers to convert content from gated to open access on a year-to-year basis. [63]
As of September 1, 2019, the 2020 pilot program for S2O included two publishers, Annual Reviews and Berghahn Books, both of whom opened part of their content. [58] [60] Annual Reviews offered five titles in the S2O pilot, the Annual Review of Cancer Biology, the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, the Annual Review of Political Science, and the Annual Review of Public Health. All were published as open access through the Subscribe to Open approach. [56] [65]
Additional publishers have since adopted S2O, which is seen as benefiting libraries, researchers and publishers alike. [66] [67] [68] In a survey commissioned by the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers to determine how publishers aligned with Plan S, authors Alicia Wise and Lorraine Estelle called Subscribe to Open "the most promising" transformative agreement for publishers, as it offers a predictable revenue stream. [63] : 2 [69]
In April 2022, the publisher announced that new content from all of its 51 academic journals would progressively be made openly available over the course of eighteen months under the S2O framework, provided that current subscription support is maintained. [70]
Annual Reviews journals are available in a number of ways, depending in part on the journal. Each journal is available electronically with some also offered as a bound annual volume. Subscriptions are offered for the online version, print version, or both when print is available, and individual articles can be purchased online. Journals are also available as a database consisting of some or all of the journals, with site licenses. [71] [72]
Effective January 2008, purchasing a subscription includes online access that entitles the subscriber to permanent access rights to that volume regardless of future subscription status. [72]
In 2020, the following titles were published open access using S2O: Annual Review of Cancer Biology , Annual Review of Environment and Resources , Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science , Annual Review of Political Science , and Annual Review of Public Health . [56] [65] In 2021, the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering , the Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics and the Annual Review of Virology were added to the program. [3] [73]
As of 2023, Journal Citation Reports has given 15 Annual Reviews journal titles a rank of "1", indicating high quality and importance in one or more categories. The top five Annual Reviews titles by impact factor are: [74]
There are three leadership structures within Annual Reviews: The board of directors and its committees, editors and editorial committees, and a management team. The board of directors consists of experts of various scientific disciplines, philanthropists, and business people, who serve as volunteers. The board is assisted by the business affairs committee and additional ad hoc committees. Together, the board and its committees develop and approve fiscal policies and budgets. They also review the organization's financial performance and publishing strategy. [28] As of 2018, the board is chaired by Karen S. Cook, professor of sociology at Stanford University. [75] The vice-chairperson is Sandra M. Faber, professor of astronomy and astrophysics at University of California, Santa Cruz. [2] [76]
The contents of each journal published by Annual Reviews is selected by the lead editor or co-editors and their editorial committees, about ten members total, who are researchers in the discipline. Committee terms are five years. [22] The management team provides expertise in academic publishing, and is led by the president, who is also its editor-in-chief. [2]
Annual Reviews publishes a variety of journals in the biomedical and life sciences, physical sciences, and social sciences, including economics. Years in parentheses indicate the first year of publication. As of 2021, the publications included the following:
The Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics is an annual scientific journal published by Annual Reviews. The journal was established in 1970 as the Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics and changed its name beginning in 2003. It publishes invited review articles on topics considered to be timely and important in the fields of ecology, evolutionary biology, and systematics. As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports gave the journal a 2023 impact factor of 11.2, ranking it third of 195 journals in the "Ecology" category and third of 54 journals in "Evolutionary Biology". As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model.
The Annual Review of Anthropology is an academic journal that publishes review articles of significant developments in anthropology and its subfields. First published by Stanford University Press in 1959 under the name the Biennial Review of Anthropology, it became known as the current title in 1972 when its publication was assumed by Annual Reviews. Don Brenneis and Karen B. Strier have been the editors since 2013. As of 2024, according to Journal Citation Reports, the journal has an impact factor of 2.8 for the year 2023. As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model.
Annual Review of Biochemistry is an annual peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews, a nonprofit scientific publisher. Its first volume was published in 1932, and its founding editor was J. Murray Luck. The current editor is Roger D. Kornberg. The journal focuses on molecular biology and biological chemistry review articles. As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports gives the journal an impact factor of 12.1, ranking it fourteenth out of 313 journals in the category "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology". As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model.
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences is an annual peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews, which broadly covers Earth and planetary sciences, including geology, atmospheric sciences, climate, geophysics, environmental science, geological hazards, geodynamics, planet formation, and solar system origins. The co-editors are Katherine H. Freeman and Raymond Jeanloz. As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports gives the journal a 2023 impact factor of 11.3. As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model.
The Annual Review of Entomology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes review articles about entomology, the study of insects. First published in 1956 from a collaboration between the Entomological Society of America and Annual Reviews, its longest-serving editors are Thomas E. Mittler (1967–1997) and May Berenbaum (1998–2018). As of 2023, Annual Review of Entomology is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model. Also as of 2024, Journal Citation Reports gives the journal a 2023 impact factor of 15.0, ranking it first of 109 journals in the category "Entomology".
The Annual Review of Immunology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews. It releases an annual volume of review articles relevant to the field of immunology. It was first published in 1983 with inaugural editor William E. Paul; Paul remained editor for the journal's first thirty years. As of 2022, its editor is Wayne M. Yokoyama. As of 2023, Annual Review of Immunology is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model. As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports gives the journal a 2023 impact factor of 26.9, ranking it third of 181 journals in the category "Immunology".
The Annual Review of Materials Research is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes review articles about materials science. It has been published by the nonprofit Annual Reviews since 1971, when it was first released under the title the Annual Review of Materials Science. Four people have served as editors, with the current editor Ram Seshadri stepping into the position in 2024. It has an impact factor of 10.6 as of 2024. As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model.
The Annual Review of Medicine is a peer-reviewed medical journal that publishes review articles about all aspects of medicine. It was established in 1950. Its longest-serving editors have been William P. Creger (1974–1993) and C. Thomas Caskey (2001–2019). The current editor is Mary E. Klotman. As of 2023, Annual Review of Medicine is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model. As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports gives the journal a 2023 impact factor of 15.1, ranking it third of 189 titles in the category "Medicine, Research & Experimental".
The Annual Review of Microbiology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes review articles about microbiology. It was first published in 1947 as the third journal title released by Annual Reviews. It covers significant developments in the field of microbiology, including the study of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and unicellular eukaryotes. As of 2020, it has had four editors, with Charles E. Clifton and L. Nicholas Ornston serving more than twenty years each. The current editor is Susan Gottesman. As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model.
The Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes review articles about nuclear and particle science. As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports lists the journal's 2023 impact factor as 9.1, ranking it second of 22 journal titles in the category "Physics, Nuclear" and third of 30 journal titles in the category "Physics, Particles and Fields". Beginning in 2020, the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science is published open access under the Subscribe to Open (S2O) publishing model.
The Annual Review of Nutrition is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews that releases an annual volume of review articles about nutrition. It has been in publication since 1981. As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports gives the journal a 2023 impact factor of 12.6, ranking it second of 114 journals in the category "Nutrition & Dietetics". The current editors are Patrick J. Stover and Rudi Balling. As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model.
The Annual Review of Physiology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes review articles about physiology. First published in 1939 through a collaboration between the American Physiological Society and Annual Reviews, it was published solely by Annual Reviews after 1962. It covers various aspects of physiology, including cardiac, renal, respiratory, and gastrointestinal physiology, among other subfields. As of 2023, Annual Review of Physiology is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model. As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports lists the journal's 2023 impact factor as 15.7, ranking it second of 85 journal titles in the category "Physiology".
The Annual Review of Phytopathology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes review articles about phytopathology, the study of diseases that affect plants. It was first published in 1963 as the result of a collaboration between the American Phytopathological Society and the nonprofit publisher Annual Reviews. As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports lists the journal's 2023 impact factor as 9.1, ranking it tenth of 265 journal titles in the category "Plant Sciences". As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model. Its current editors are John M. McDowell and Gwyn A. Beattie.
Annual Review of Plant Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews. It was first published in 1950 as the Annual Review of Plant Physiology. Sabeeha Merchant has been the editor since 2005, making her the longest-serving editor in the journal's history after Winslow Briggs (1973–1993). As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports lists the journal's 2023 impact factor as 21.3, ranking it first of 265 journal titles in the category "Plant Sciences". As of 2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model.
Annual Review of Political Science is an annual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Annual Reviews, covering significant developments in the field of political science, including political theory and philosophy, international relations, political economy, political behavior, American and comparative politics, public administration and policy, and methodology. It was established in 1998. Its current editors are Margaret Levi and David Stasavage.
The Annual Review of Public Health is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes review articles about public health, including epidemiology, biostatistics, occupational safety and health, environmental health, and health policy. It has had three editors: Lester Breslow, Gilbert S. Omenn, and Jonathan E. Fielding.
The Annual Review of Biophysics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published annually by Annual Reviews. It covers all aspects of biophysics with solicited review articles. Ken A. Dill has been its editor since 2013. As of 2023, Annual Review of Biophysics is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model. As of 2024, according to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 10.4 ranking it fourth out of 77 journals in the category "Biophysics".
Annual Review of Physical Chemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews. It covers all topics pertaining to physical chemistry. The editors are Todd J. Martínez and Anne McCoy. As of 2023, Annual Review of Physical Chemistry is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model. The journal is indexed in the Science Citation Index Expanded and Chemical Abstracts Service. As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports gives it a 2023 impact factor of 11.7.
The Annual Review of Environment and Resources is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes review articles about environmental science and environmental engineering. It was first published in 1976 under the name the Annual Review of Energy. In 1991, the name was changed to the Annual Review of Energy and the Environment; it was again retitled in 2003 to the Annual Review of Environment and Resources. Beginning in 2020, it was published open access under the Subscribe to Open (S2O) publishing model.
Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on fluid mechanics. It is published once a year by Annual Reviews and the editors are Parviz Moin and Howard Stone. As of 2023, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model. As of 2024, Journal Citation Reports gives the journal a 2023 impact factor of 25.4, ranking it first out of 40 journals in "Physics, Fluids and Plasmas" and first out of 170 journals in the category "Mechanics".