| Antefungivoridae | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Suborder: | Nematocera |
| Infraorder: | Bibionomorpha |
| Superfamily: | Sciaroidea |
| Family: | † Antefungivoridae Rohdendorf, 1938 |
Antefungivoridae is an extinct family of fungus gnats and gall midges in the order Diptera. There are about 9 genera and more than 40 described species in Antefungivoridae. [1] [2] [3]
These nine genera belong to the family Antefungivoridae:
The Nematocera are a suborder of elongated flies with thin, segmented antennae and mostly aquatic larvae. Major families in the suborder include the mosquitoes, crane flies, gnats, black flies, and a group of families described as midges.
Fungus gnats are small, dark, short-lived gnats, of the families Sciaridae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae, and Mycetophilidae ; they comprise six of the seven families placed in the superfamily Sciaroidea.
The Mycetophilidae are a family of small flies, forming the bulk of those species known as fungus gnats. About 3000 described species are placed in 150 genera, but the true number of species is undoubtedly much higher. They are generally found in the damp habitats favoured by their host fungi and sometimes form dense swarms.
The Keroplatidae are a family of small flies known as fungus gnats. About 950 species are described, but the true number of species is undoubtedly much higher. They are generally forest dwellers found in the damp habitats favoured by their host fungi. They can also often be found in caves. Larvae both feed on fungi and are predatory - they can spin webs by secreting acid fluids, which they use to kill smaller invertebrates and capture spores. Some of the predatory larvae cannibalize pupa of their own species.
Nemestrinidae, or tangle-veined flies is a family of flies in the superfamily Nemestrinoidea, closely related to Acroceridae. The family is small but distributed worldwide, with about 300 species in 34 genera. Larvae are endoparasitoids of either grasshoppers (Trichopsideinae) or scarab beetles (Hirmoneurinae). Some are considered important in the control of grasshopper populations. Adults are often observed on flowers.
Sarcophaga is a genus of true flies and the type genus of the flesh-fly family (Sarcophagidae). The members of this cosmopolitan genus are frequently known as common flesh flies.
Apsilocephalidae is a family of flies in the superfamily Asiloidea. The family was proposed in 1991 as a close relative of Therevidae distinguishable by genitalic characters. The family contains three extant genera and four extinct genera described from the fossil record..
Sciaroidea is a superfamily in the infraorder Bibionomorpha. There are about 16 families and more than 15,000 described species in Sciaroidea. Most of its constituent families are various gnats.
A gnat is any of many species of tiny flying insects in the dipterid suborder Nematocera, especially those in the families Mycetophilidae, Anisopodidae and Sciaridae. They can be both biting and non-biting. Most often they fly in large numbers, called clouds. "Gnat" is a loose descriptive category rather than a phylogenetic or other technical term, so there is no scientific consensus on what constitutes a gnat. Some entomologists consider only non-biting flies to be gnats. Certain universities and institutes also distinguish eye gnats: the Smithsonian Institution describes them as "non-biting flies, no bigger than a few grains of salt, ... attracted to fluids secreted by your eyes".
Orfelia is a cosmopolitan genus of flies in the family Mycetophilidae. As with most other species in the family, these are commonly known as fungus gnats. In Australia, along with flies in the genera Leia, Mycetophila, Mycoma and Phthinia, they are important pollinators of native greenhood orchids which employ the flies in pseudocopulation. Detailed microscopic examination is required to identify species and even genus.
Mycetophilinae is a subfamily of fungus gnats in the family Mycetophilidae. There are more than 30 genera and 2,000 described species in Mycetophilinae.
Exechia is a genus of fungus gnats in the family Mycetophilidae. There are more than 180 described species in Exechia.
Eudicrana is a genus of fungus gnats in the family Mycetophilidae. There are about 13 described species in Eudicrana.
Wohlfahrtia is a genus of flesh flies in the family Sarcophagidae. There are at least 20 described species in Wohlfahrtia.
Ectrepesthoneura laffooni is a species of fungus gnats in the family Mycetophilidae.
Nervijuncta is a genus of fungus gnats in the family Ditomyiidae.
Australosymmerus is a genus of fungus gnats in the family Ditomyiidae.
Bradysia is a genus of fungus gnat in the family Sciaridae. They are commonly known as darkwinged fungus gnats. They are considered a major pest in greenhouse agriculture because they thrive in the moist conditions common inside greenhouses and feed on the plants being grown within. Bradysia is a large genus containing over 500 living species, with at least 65 species found in North America and 172 in Europe.
Archisargidae is an extinct family of brachyceran flies known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. It is part of the extinct superfamily Archisargoidea. Most members of the family are known from the Callovian-Oxfordian Daohugou biota of Inner Mongolia, China, and the equivalently aged Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan. The family has been found to be paraphyletic with respect to Eremochaetidae in a cladistic analysis.
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