Architextiles

Last updated
The Olympiastadion in Munich makes extensive use of tensile roofing structures. Olympiastadion Muenchen.jpg
The Olympiastadion in Munich makes extensive use of tensile roofing structures.
Diwan-i-Khas, Red Fort, Delhi with red awnings or shamianas, in 1817 Diwan-i-Khas, Red Fort, Delhi with red awnings or shamianas, in 1817.jpg
Diwan-i-Khas, Red Fort, Delhi with red awnings or shamianas, in 1817
Model of the Colosseum with its velarium in the Museum of Roman Civilization Maquette du Colisee Velarium.svg
Model of the Colosseum with its velarium in the Museum of Roman Civilization

Architextiles refers to a broad range of projects and approaches that combine architecture, textiles, and materials science. Architextiles explore textile-based approaches and inspirations for creating structures, spaces, surfaces, and textures. Architextiles contribute to the creation of adaptable, interactive, and process-oriented spaces. [1] :5 [2] Awning is the most basic type of architectural textile. [3] [4] [5] In Roman times, a velarium was used as an awning to cover the entire cavea, the seating area within amphitheaters, serving as a protection for the spectators against the sun. [6] [7]

Contents

Hylozoic Ground, on the other hand, is a modern and complex architextile example. Hylozoic Ground is an interactive architecture model presented in the 18th Biennale of Sydney. [8] [9] Olympiastadion is another example of modern architecture presented in an unusual way. [10]

Etymology

Architextiles is a portmanteau word of textiles and architecture. [1] :5 'Technology' and 'Textiles' both are derivation of a Latin language word texere that means 'construct' or 'weave'.Textiles is also among derivative words of the Ancestor of the Indo-European language word "tek" which is the root to architecture. [1] :6

Architecture and textiles

Architectural textiles

Architextiles is the architecture that is inspired by characteristics, elements, and manufacturing techniques of textiles. [1] It is a field that spans multiple disciplines. It is a combination of textile and architectural manufacturing techniques. Laser cutting, ultrasonic welding, thermoplastic setting, pultrusion, electrospinning, and other advanced textile manufacturing techniques are all included in architextiles. Architextiles integrate various fields like architecture, textile design, engineering, physics and materials science. [1]

Textile inspirations

Architextiles exploits the sculptural potential of textile-based structures. [1] :4 Textiles motivate architects with their numerous features, enabling them to express ideas via design and create environmentally conscious buildings. [1] Textiles also influence architecture in the following ways:

Characteristics

Textiles are adaptable, lightweight, and useful for a variety of structures, both temporary and permanent. Tensile surfaces composed of structural fabrics, such as canopies, roofs, and other types of shelter, are included in architectural textiles. If necessary, the subjected materials are given special purpose finishes, such as waterproofing, to make them suitable for outdoor use. [11]

Besides surface qualities, such as rough and smooth, dull and shiny, hard and soft, textiles also includes colour, and, as the dominating element, texture, which is the result of the construction of weaves. Like any craft it may end in producing useful objects, or it may rise to the level of art.

Anni Albers, [12]

The essentially structural principles that relate the work of building and weaving could form the basis of a new understanding between the architect and the inventive weaver. New uses of fabrics and new fabrics could result from a collaboration; and textiles, so often no more than an after thought in planning, might take a place again as a contributing thought.

Anni Albers, [13] :66

Coated fabrics

Air supported structure BC Place BC Place - night game (6219415118).jpg
Air supported structure BC Place

There is considerable use of coated materials in certain architectures, Pneumatic structures are made of teflon or PVC-coated synthetic materials. [14] Coated fiberglass, coated polyethylene and coated polyester are the most common materials used in lightweight structural textiles. Lightweight fabric constructions accounted for 13.2 square yards of total usage in 2006, according to Industrial Fabrics Association International (IFAI) [15] Chemically inert, Polytetrafluoroethylene fibreglass coating is capable of withstanding temperatures as low as -100 °F (-73 °C) and as high as +450 °F (232 °C). [16]

Interactive textiles

Parametric design Parametric designs.jpg
Parametric design

Textiles that can sense stimuli are known as interactive textiles. They have the capability to adapt or react to the environment. [17] [18] Felecia Davis has designed interactive textiles such as parametric tents that are able to change size and shape in response to changes in light and the number of people underneath. [19]

3D structures

Soundproof 3D woven walls with a ribbed structure that are suitable for soundproofing and interior designing. [20] Aleksandra Gaca designed the furnishing of the concept car Renault Symbioz with a 3D fabric named 'boko'. [21]

Origami-inspired textiles

Textiles inspired by origami impart novel properties to architecture. Architects try out origami and three-dimensional fabric structures when designing structures. [22] [23] [24]

History

The Field of the Cloth of Gold, oil painting of circa 1545 in the Royal Collection at Hampton Court. Henry VIII on horseback approaches at bottom left. The Field of the Cloth of Gold.jpg
The Field of the Cloth of Gold, oil painting of circa 1545 in the Royal Collection at Hampton Court. Henry VIII on horseback approaches at bottom left.

Examples of architextiles have been found dating back a long way. Over centuries, nomadic tribes in the Middle East, Africa, the Orient, and the Americas have developed textile structures. [25]

Historical structures

Historical architextiles include yurts and tents, the great awnings of Colosseum in Rome, the tents of the Mongol Empire, and the Ziggurat Aquar Quf near Baghdad. [1]

Present

Denver International Airport terminal Denver International Airport terminal.jpg
Denver International Airport terminal
Millennium Dome Millennium Dome 1.jpg
Millennium Dome

Properties

Architextiles have a number of advantages; primarily, they are cost effective and can be used to construct temporary or transportable structures. The programming can be modified at any time. [1] :10

Examples of architextiles

Muscle NSA

NSA Muscle, is a pressurized (Inflatable body) structure which is an interactive model. It is equipped with sensors and computing systems, the MUSCLE is programmed to respond to human visitors. [1] :7

Carbon tower

The carbon tower is a prototype carbon fiber building. [26]

Hylozoic Ground

Hylozoic Ground is an exemplar of live architecture, interactive model of architecture which is a kind of architextiles. [9] [27]

Textile growth monument

Textile growth monument ‘textielgroeimonument’ is a 3D 'woven' structure in the city Tilburg. [1] :11

Pneumatrix

Pneumatrix, RCA Department of Architecture, London, a theatre which is deployable and flexible. [1] :10

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Textile</span> Various fiber-based materials

Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the only manufacturing method, and many other methods were later developed to form textile structures based on their intended use. Knitting and non-woven are other popular types of fabric manufacturing. In the contemporary world, textiles satisfy the material needs for versatile applications, from simple daily clothing to bulletproof jackets, spacesuits, and doctor's gowns.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tent</span> Temporary building which can be easily dismantled and which is portable

A tent is a shelter consisting of sheets of fabric or other material draped over, attached to a frame of poles or a supporting rope. While smaller tents may be free-standing or attached to the ground, large tents are usually anchored using guy ropes tied to stakes or tent pegs. First used as portable homes by nomads, tents are now more often used for recreational camping and as temporary shelters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tarpaulin</span> Large sheet of strong, flexible, water-resistant or waterproof material

A tarpaulin or tarp is a large sheet of strong, flexible, water-resistant or waterproof material, often cloth such as canvas or polyester coated with polyurethane, or made of plastics such as polyethylene. Tarpaulins often have reinforced grommets at the corners and along the sides to form attachment points for rope, allowing them to be tied down or suspended.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gabardine</span> Tough, tightly woven fabric used to make suits, trousers and some other garments

Gabardine is a durable twill worsted wool, a tightly woven fabric originally waterproof and used to make suits, overcoats, trousers, uniforms, windbreakers, outerwear and other garments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Poncho</span> Cape- or blanket-like outer garment

A poncho is an outer garment designed to keep the body warm. A rain poncho is made from a watertight material designed to keep the body dry from the rain. Ponchos have been used by the Native American peoples of the Andes, Valley of Mexico and Patagonia since pre-Hispanic times, from places now under the territory of Mexico, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Venezuela, and Argentina and are now considered typical American garments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glen Raven, Inc.</span>

Glen Raven, Inc. is a fabric manufacturing and marketing company. The company is headquartered in Glen Raven, North Carolina and headed by Leib Oehmig, who took over after Allen Erwin Gant, Jr., the grandson of John Quintin Gant and founder of the industry advocacy group National Council of Textile Organizations, retired. Glen Raven has operations in the United States, France, and China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Awning</span> Secondary covering attached to the exterior wall of a building

An awning or overhang is a secondary covering attached to the exterior wall of a building. It is typically composed of canvas woven of acrylic, cotton or polyester yarn, or vinyl laminated to polyester fabric that is stretched tightly over a light structure of aluminium, iron or steel, possibly wood or transparent material. The configuration of this structure is something of a truss, space frame or planar frame. Awnings are also often constructed of aluminium understructure with aluminium sheeting. These aluminium awnings are often used when a fabric awning is not a practical application where snow load as well as wind loads may be a factor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anni Albers</span> German-American textile artist (1899–1994)

Anni Albers was a German textile artist and printmaker credited with blurring the lines between traditional craft and art.

Besides surface qualities, such as rough and smooth, dull and shiny, hard and soft, textiles also includes colour, and, as the dominating element, texture, which is the result of the construction of weaves. Like any craft it may end in producing useful objects, or it may rise to the level of art.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canopy (building)</span> Structure providing shade or shelter

A canopy is an overhead roof or else a structure over which a fabric or metal covering is attached, able to provide shade or shelter from weather conditions such as sun, hail, snow and rain. A canopy can also be a tent, generally without a floor. The word comes from the ancient Greek κωνώπειον, from κώνωψ, which is a bahuvrihi compound meaning "mosquito". The first 'o' changing into 'a' may be due to influence from the place name Canopus, Egypt thought of as a place of luxuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lavvu</span>

Lavvu is a temporary dwelling used by the Sami people of northern extremes of Northern Europe. It has a design similar to a Native American tipi but is less vertical and more stable in high winds. It enables the indigenous cultures of the treeless plains of northern Scandinavia and the high arctic of Eurasia to follow their reindeer herds. It is still used as a temporary shelter by the Sami, and increasingly by other people for camping. It should not be confused with the goahti, another type of Sami dwelling, or the Finnish laavu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burnham Pavilions</span> Public sculptures

The Burnham Pavilions were public sculptures by Zaha Hadid and Ben van Berkel in Millennium Park, which were located in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois. Both pavilions were located in the Chase Promenade South. Their purpose was to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Daniel Burnham's Plan of Chicago, and symbolize the city's continued pursuit of the Plan's architectural vision with contemporary architecture and planning. The sculptures were privately funded and reside in Millennium Park. The pavilions were designed to be temporary structures.

Dimensional stability pertains to a fabric's ability to maintain its initial size and shape even after undergoing wear and care, which is a desirable property. Dimension stability in fabrics or Shrinkage is the change of dimensions in textile products when they are washed or relaxed. The change is always expressed relative to the dimensions before the exposure of washing or relaxing. Shrinkage is also called residual shrinkage and measured in percentage. The major cause of shrinkages is the release of stresses and strains introduced in manufacturing processes. Textile manufacturing is based on the conversion of fiber into yarn, yarn into fabric, includes spinning, weaving, or knitting, etc. The fabric passes through many inevitable changes and mechanical forces during this journey. When the products are immersed in water, the water acts as a relaxing medium, and all stresses and strains are relaxed and the fabric tries to come back to its original state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hand feel</span> Feel of the fabrics to the skin or hand

Hand feel is the property of fabrics related to the touch that expresses sensory comfort. It refers to the way fabrics feel against the skin or in the hand and conveys information about the cloth's softness and smoothness. Hand feel is an estimated and subjective property of different fabrics, but nowadays, hand feel could be measured and assessed statistically.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Felecia Davis</span> American architect, engineer and educator

Felecia Davis is an American architect, engineer and educator. She is principal of FELECIA DAVIS STUDIO where she bridges art, engineering, design and architecture. Davis is known for her work in computational textiles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Textile performance</span> Fitness for purpose of textiles

Textile performance, also known as fitness for purpose, is a textile's capacity to withstand various conditions, environments, and hazards, qualifying it for particular uses. The performance of textile products influences their appearance, comfort, durability, and protection. Different textile applications require a different set of performance parameters. As a result, the specifications determine the level of performance of a textile product. Textile testing certifies the product's conformity to buying specification. It describes product manufactured for non-aesthetic purposes, where fitness for purpose is the primary criterion. Engineering of high performance fabrics presents a unique set of challenges.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Automotive textile</span> Textiles used in a variety of applications in the automotive industry

An Automotive textile is a technical textile used in the transportation and automotive industries. The choice of type of automotive textile focuses on aspects of safety, comfort, and aesthetics. These textiles have variety of applications in the automotive industry, such as interior fittings, safety features, sound insulation, and tire reinforcement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3D textiles</span> Three-dimensional fibers, yarns and fabrics

3D textiles are three-dimensional structures made with different manufacturing methods such as weaving, knitting, braiding, or nonwoven, or made with alternative technologies. 3D textiles are produced with three planar geometry, opposed to 2D textiles that are made on two planes. The weave in 2D textiles is perpendicular. The yarn is fed along two axis: length (x-axis) and width (y-axis), while 3D textiles also have a perpendicular weave, but they have an extra yarn with an angular feeding (z-axis) which creates thickness. 3D weaves are orthogonal weave structures, multilayer structures, and angle interlocks. 3D textiles have more manufacturing opportunities, various properties, and a broader scope of applications. These textiles have a wide range of applications, but they are most commonly used where performance is the primary criterion, such as technical textiles. Composite materials, manufacturing is one of the significant areas of using 3D textiles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chemical finishing of textiles</span> Chemical finishing methods that may alter the chemical properties of the treated fabrics

Chemical finishing of textiles refers to the process of applying and treating textiles with a variety of chemicals in order to achieve desired functional and aesthetic properties. Chemical finishing of textiles is a part of the textile finishing process where the emphasis is on chemical substances instead of mechanical finishing. Chemical finishing in textiles also known as wet finishing. Chemical finishing adds properties to the treated textiles. Softening of textiles, durable water repellancy and wrinkle free fabric finishes are examples of chemical finishing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coated fabrics</span> Fabric that undergoes through a process of coating

Coated fabrics are those that have undergone a coating procedure to become more functional and hold the added properties, such as cotton fabrics becoming impermeable or waterproof. Coated textiles are used in a variety of applications, including blackout curtains and the development of waterproof fabrics for raincoats.

Hylozoic Ground is an interactive model of architecture which was presented in the Venice Biennale of 2010 and the 18th Biennale of Sydney in 2012. Hylozoic Ground is an exemplar of live architecture: it is an installation by Philip Beesley, who is a professor at the University of Waterloo.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Garcia, Mark (2006). Garcia, Mark (ed.). Architextiles. Wiley. pp. 5–20. ISBN   978-0-470-02634-2 . Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  2. Adams, Barbara; Yelavich, Susan, eds. (2014). Design as Future-Making. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 66. ISBN   978-1-4725-7472-5 . Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  3. Krüger, Sylvie (2009). Textile Architecture. Jovis. pp. 6, 92, 104. ISBN   978-3-86859-017-3.
  4. Contributors, Multiple (2006-02-28). World Textiles Atlas: The World Textiles Thesaurus and List of Journals Indexed. Gulf Professional Publishing. p. 8. ISBN   978-0-444-52049-4.{{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  5. "Glossary of awning terms – Fabric Architecture Magazine". fabricarchitecturemag.com. Retrieved 2021-09-12.
  6. "velarium". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
  7. "Colosseum | Definition, Characteristics, History, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
  8. "What's a fabric? Concepts and approaches to modern textile design" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-08-26. One of the most well-known examples of architextiles is Philip Beesley's installation Hylozoic Ground
  9. 1 2 Etherington, Rose (August 26, 2010). "Hylozoic Ground by Philip Beesley". Dezeen. Archived from the original on 2010-08-30. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  10. "Die gebaute Utopie: Das Münchner Olympiastadion | Schulfernsehen | ARD-alpha | Fernsehen | BR.de". 2015-02-13. Archived from the original on 2015-02-13. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
  11. Williams, John T. (2017-11-21). Waterproof and Water Repellent Textiles and Clothing. Woodhead Publishing. p. 10. ISBN   978-0-08-101134-8.
  12. Albers, Anni (1971). Anni Albers: on designing. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN   0819560197. OCLC   71843650.
  13. Yelavich, Susan; Adams, Barbara (2014-09-25). Design as Future-Making. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN   978-1-4725-7472-5.
  14. "CBD-137. Air-Supported Structures - NRC-CNRC". 2009-10-31. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. Retrieved 2021-09-18.
  15. "Lightweight Structures Association - promoting the growth of textiles in architecture". 2009-04-19. Archived from the original on 2009-04-19. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
  16. "PTFE Fiberglass". 2016-11-02. Archived from the original on 2016-11-02. Retrieved 2021-09-13.
  17. Vincenzini, Pietro; Carfagna, Cosimo, eds. (2012). Smart and Interactive Textiles. Trans Tech Publications Ltd. ISBN   978-3-908158-88-2 . Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  18. "BMW unveils interactive textile interior – Advanced Textiles Source". Advanced Textile Source. 13 July 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  19. "Felecia Davis". African American Design Nexus. Archived from the original on 2019-07-23. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  20. Staff, Interior Design (2019-09-11). ""Dutch Design in NYC" Exhibition Showcases Process-Driven Innovation". Interior Design. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  21. "Aleksandra gaca designs renault's concept car interior as home on the road". Designboom. September 19, 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-09-19. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  22. "Textiel en architectuur". Architectuur.nl (in Dutch). 2 March 2017. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  23. "Origami inspiring architecture". Times of India Blog. 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
  24. Chiarella, Mauro; Alvarado, Rodrigo García (2015-07-01). "Folded Compositions in Architecture: Spatial Properties and Materials". Nexus Network Journal. 17 (2): 623–639. doi: 10.1007/s00004-014-0226-4 . ISSN   1522-4600.
  25. Flamingh, Francois De (2012). Architextiles. Lap Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH KG. ISBN   978-3-659-17729-3.
  26. "Carbon Fiber Future". Metropolis. 2003-02-01. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
  27. "Hylozoic Ground.mov". YouTube . September 26, 2011. Archived from the original on 2021-08-09. Retrieved August 21, 2021.