Ashley Martin Greenwood OBE MC QC (12 June 1912 [2] –30 September 2003) was a British soldier,lawyer,and judge. He served inter alia as Attorney General of Fiji and Attorney General of Gibraltar,as well as a judge in Uganda. He was also an accomplished mountaineer. He calculated that in his climbing,military and legal careers,he had spent time in 103 countries. [3]
Educated initially at Haileybury College,Greenwood enrolled at Clare College,Cambridge,where he took a double first in Classics and graduated in Law.
In his student days,Greenwood developed a lifelong passion for mountaineering,scaling numerous peaks in the Alps,Dolomites,Tyrol,and Norway,as well as mountains closer to home in Scotland and Wales. He was elected to the Alpine Club at the age of 24. [4] His mountaineering expertise proved crucial during his military service in the Second World War. He went on to marry a fellow-mountaineer. He celebrated his 80th birthday by scaling the 6121-meter high Stok Kangri Himalayan peak in Ladakh. [5] [6]
Greenwood joined the Royal Artillery as a temporary Captain in 1940,with service number 132776. [7] In April 1943,at a mountain warfare conference at Lochailort,Scotland,he was transferred to the New Zealand Squadron as a climbing instructor for mountain warfare. He accompanied the New Zealand Squadron in its ultimately doomed attempt to occupy the Italian-controlled Dodecanese Islands. Escaping to Turkey,he went on to become a liaison officer for the Long Range Desert Group of a British brigade in Montenegro in 1945. In June 1945,he joined the Allied Military Government Organization in Austria,serving until March 1946. Shortly afterwards,he joined the Colonial Office. [8] He was awarded the Military Cross in 1944. [9]
Greenwood was appointed Deputy Registrar of the High Court of Uganda in 1946,becoming Registrar in 1947 and Resident Magistrate in 1950.
Called to the bar at London's Inner Temple in 1952,Greenwood became a Crown Counsel in 1954. After serving briefly as Solicitor General of Fiji in 1956, [10] he became Attorney General later that year, [11] serving until 1963,when he became Attorney General of Gibraltar. He later filled in as Acting Attorney General of Montserrat,as well as a legal adviser in Hong Kong. He was also to spend a year in Washington,D.C. as an adviser to the Telstar Conference. [12]
Greenwood married fellow-mountaineer Rosemary Farmborough Howard in 1956. [13] They had first climbed together before the war. Up until 1978,they together climbed mountains in New Zealand,Austria,Italy,Greece,Nepal,India and Peru. They both belonged to the Eagle Ski Club. [14]
Mountaineering,mountain climbing,or alpinism is a set of outdoor activities that involves ascending mountains. Mountaineering-related activities include traditional outdoor climbing,skiing,and traversing via ferratas that have become sports in their own right. Indoor climbing,sport climbing,and bouldering are also considered variants of mountaineering by some,but are part of a wide group of mountain sports.
Figure-eight loop is a type of knot created by a loop on the bight. It is used in climbing and caving.
The Flemish loop or figure-eight loop is perhaps stronger than the loop knot. Neither of these knots is used at sea,as they are hard to untie. In hooking a tackle to any of the loops,if the loop is long enough it is better to arrange the rope as a cat's paw.
Friedrich Wolfgang Beckey,known as Fred Beckey,was an American rock climber,mountaineer and book author,who in seven decades of climbing achieved hundreds of first ascents of some of the tallest peaks and most important routes throughout Alaska,the Canadian Rockies and the Pacific Northwest. Among the Fifty Classic Climbs of North America,seven were established by Beckey,often climbing with some of the best known climbers of each generation.
Denali is the highest mountain peak in North America,with a summit elevation of 20,310 feet (6,190 m) above sea level. It is the tallest mountain in the world from base-to-peak on land,measuring 18,000 ft (5,500 m),With a topographic prominence of 20,194 feet (6,155 m) and a topographic isolation of 4,621.1 miles (7,436.9 km),Denali is the third most prominent and third-most isolated peak on Earth,after Mount Everest and Aconcagua. Located in the Alaska Range in the interior of the U.S. state of Alaska,Denali is the centerpiece of Denali National Park and Preserve.
Reinhold Andreas Messner is an Italian climber,explorer,and author from the German-speaking province of South Tyrol. He made the first solo ascent of Mount Everest and,along with Peter Habeler,the first ascent of Everest without supplemental oxygen. He was the first person to climb all 14 eight-thousanders,doing so without supplementary oxygen. Messner was the first to cross Antarctica and Greenland with neither snowmobiles nor dog sleds and also crossed the Gobi Desert alone. He is widely considered to be the greatest mountaineer of all time.
Oscar Johannes Ludwig Eckenstein was an English rock climber and mountaineer,and a pioneer in the sport of bouldering. Inventor of the modern crampon,he was an innovator in climbing technique and mountaineering equipment,and the leader of the first serious expedition to attempt K2.
Henry Bradford Washburn Jr. was an American explorer,mountaineer,photographer,and cartographer. He established the Boston Museum of Science,served as its director from 1939–1980,and from 1985 until his death served as its Honorary Director. Bradford married Barbara Polk in 1940,they honeymooned in Alaska making the first ascent of Mount Bertha together.
Conrad Anker is an American rock climber,mountaineer,and author. He was the team leader of The North Face climbing team for 26 years until 2018. In 1999,he located George Mallory's body on Everest as a member of a search team looking for the remains of the British climber. Anker had a heart attack in 2016 during an attempted ascent of Lunag Ri with David Lama. He was flown via helicopter to Kathmandu where he underwent emergency coronary angioplasty with a stent placed in his proximal left anterior descending artery. Afterwards he retired from high altitude mountaineering,but otherwise he continues his work. He lives in Bozeman,Montana.
The Alpine Club was founded in London on 22 December 1857 and is the world's first mountaineering club. The primary focus of the club is to support mountaineers who climb in the Alps and the Greater Ranges of the world's mountains.
Terry "Mugs" Stump was a noted American rock climber and mountaineer,active in establishing difficult first ascents in the Alaska Range and the Canadian Rockies. He died from falling into a crevasse while descending the South Buttress of Denali on May 21,1992,while guiding clients Bob Hoffman and Nelson Max.
Allen Parker Steck was an American mountaineer and rock climber.
James "Jim" Donini is an American rock climber and alpinist,noted for a long history of cutting-edge climbs in Alaska and Patagonia. He was president of the American Alpine Club from 2006 to 2009,and a 1999 recipient of the AAC's Robert and Miriam Underhill Award.
John A. K. Martyn OBE (1903–1984),was an English schoolmaster,scholar,academic and a distinguished British Himalayan mountaineer. He was the second headmaster of The Doon School.
Gurdial Singh was an Indian schoolteacher and mountaineer who led the first mountaineering expedition of independent India to Trisul in 1951. In 1958,he led the team that made the first ascent of Mrigthuni . In 1965,he was a member of the first successful Indian expedition team to climb Mount Everest.
John Travers Mends Gibson was an English schoolmaster,scholar,academic and a distinguished British Himalayan mountaineer.
The Queen's Birthday Honours 1963 were appointments in many of the Commonwealth realms of Queen Elizabeth II to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of those countries. The appointments were made "on the occasion of the Celebration of Her Majesty's Birthday",and were published in supplements to the London Gazette of 31 May 1963.
The High Court of Tuvalu is the superior court of Tuvalu. It has unlimited original jurisdiction to determine the Law of Tuvalu and hears appeals from the lower courts.
Alpine climbing is a type of mountaineering that involves using any of a broad range of advanced climbing skills,including rock climbing,ice climbing,and/or mixed climbing,to summit typically large routes in an alpine environment. While alpine climbing began in the European Alps,it is used to refer to climbing in any remote mountainous area,including in the Himalayas and in Patagonia. The derived term alpine style refers to the fashion of alpine climbing to be in small lightly-equipped teams who carry their own equipment,and do all of the climbing.
His Majesty's Attorney General for Gibraltar is the chief legal advisor of HM Government of Gibraltar. He combines the functions of Attorney General and Director of Public Prosecutions and is also an ex officio member of the Gibraltar Parliament. The Attorney General's Chambers have a number of Crown Counsel.
Paul Antony Darling was an English commercial law barrister,King's Counsel,and chair of the Horserace Betting Levy Board.