Manufacturer | ERNO Raumfahrttechnik GmbH |
---|---|
Country of origin | Germany |
Used on | Europa 1 third stage. |
General characteristics | |
Height | 3.36 m (132 in) |
Diameter | 2.00 m (79 in) |
Gross mass | 3,370 kg (7,430 lb) |
Propellant mass | 2,760 kg (6,080 lb) |
Empty mass | 610 kg (1,340 lb) |
Launch history | |
Status | Retired |
Total launches | 4 |
Successes stage only) | 0 |
Failed | 4 |
Lower stage failed | 0 |
First flight | 1969-07-31 |
Last flight | 1971-11-05 |
Engine details | |
Powered by | 1 Astris (rocket engine) |
Maximum thrust | 23.3 kilonewtons (5,200 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 310 s (3.0 km/s) |
Burn time | 330s |
Propellant | Aerozine 50 / N2O4 |
The Astris was an upper stage developed by ERNO Raumfahrttechnik GmbH and MBB as the third stage of the Europa 1 launch vehicle. [1] [2] [3] It was the German contribution to the project and only flew activated four times. The high failure rate of the three and four stage rocket meant that the project was cancelled. [4] [5]
On November 29, 1968, its inaugural flight, the Astris third stage exploded. [6] [7] On the second attempt on July 1969, the Astris engine failed to start. [6] [7] On the third attempt on June 11, 1970, the stage performed correctly, but the fairing failed to separate. [7] [6]
On November 5, 1971, the Europa II launched from CSG ELA-1, had a mishap due to structural failure of the third stage. [8] [9] After this last failure the project was definitely cancelled. [8]
The stage measured 3.36 m with a diameter of 2 m, and had an empty mass of 610 kg. [4] Propellant (N2O4/Aerozine-50) mass was 2760 kg, and the single Astris engine produced 23.3 kN of thrust. [4]
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