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Vostok was a family of rockets derived from the Soviet R-7 Semyorka ICBM and was designed for the human spaceflight programme. This family of rockets launched the first artificial satellite and the first crewed spacecraft (Vostok) in human history. It was a subset of the R-7 family of rockets.
Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) is a class of expendable launch systems operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). GSLV has been used in fifteen launches since 2001.
Indian Space Research Organisation is India's national space agency. It serves as the principal research and development arm of the Department of Space (DoS), overseen by the Prime Minister of India, with the Chairman of ISRO also serving as the chief executive of the DoS. It is primarily responsible for space-based operations, space exploration, international space cooperation and the development of related technologies. The agency maintains a constellation of imaging, communication and remote sensing satellites. It operates the GAGAN and IRNSS satellite navigation systems. It has sent three missions to the Moon and one mission to Mars.
The staged combustion cycle is a power cycle of a bipropellant rocket engine. In the staged combustion cycle, propellant flows through multiple combustion chambers, and is thus combusted in stages. The main advantage relative to other rocket engine power cycles is high fuel efficiency, measured through specific impulse, while its main disadvantage is engineering complexity.
The Launch Vehicle Mark-3 or LVM3 is a three-stage medium-lift launch vehicle developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Primarily designed to launch communication satellites into geostationary orbit, it is also due to launch crewed missions under the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. LVM3 has a higher payload capacity than its predecessor, GSLV.
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Gaganyaan is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft intended to be the formative spacecraft of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. The spacecraft is being designed to carry three people, and a planned upgraded version will be equipped with rendezvous and docking capabilities. In its maiden crewed mission, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)'s largely autonomous 5.3-metric ton capsule will orbit the Earth at 400 km altitude for up to seven days with a two- or three-person crew on board. The first crewed mission was originally planned to be launched on ISRO's HLVM3 rocket in December 2021. As of October 2023, it is expected to be launched by 2025.
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The RD-0146 (РД-0146) is a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine developed by KBKhA Kosberg in Voronezh, Russia.
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GSAT-6A was a communication satellite launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) It featured a 6-metre (20 ft) unfurlable S-band antenna similar to the one used on GSAT-6. Around 17 minutes after lift-off, the three stage GSLV Mk.II rocket flying on GSLV F08 mission successfully injected the satellite into a geosynchronous transfer orbit. Due to power failure during its orbit raising burns the communication was lost with GSAT-6A before it could reach its final circular geostationary orbit (GSO).
GSAT-29 is a high-throughput communication satellite developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The mission aims at providing high-speed bandwidth to Village Resource Centres (VRC) in rural areas. The two Ku and Ka operational payloads will provide communication services to Jammu and Kashmir and Northeast India under Digital India programme. At the time of launch GSAT-29 was the heaviest satellite, weighing 3,423 kg (7,546 lb), that was placed in orbit by an Indian launch vehicle. Approved cost of GSAT-29 is ₹175.63 crore (US$21 million).
The Next Generation Launch Vehicle or NGLV or "Soorya" is a three-stage partially reusable Heavy-lift launch vehicle, currently under development by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). This vehicle is designed to replace currently operational systems like PSLV, GSLV and LVM3.
References
- ↑ Brügge, Norbert. "Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)". B14643.de. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
- 1 2 Wade, Mark. "RD-56". astronautix.com. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2013-11-20. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
- ↑ "Двигатель КВД1. Кислородно-водородный блок 12КРБ" [Engine KVD-1. Hydrogen Oxygen unit 12KRB]. kbhmisaeva.ru (in Russian). KB KhIMMASH. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-08-03.
- ↑ "KVD-1 & S5.92 Brochure" (PDF). KB KhIMMASH. 1998-10-13. Retrieved 2015-08-03.
- ↑ "KVD-1 (left) with its precursor 11D56". ESA. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
- ↑ Rachuk, V.; Titkov, N. (2006). The First Russian LOX-LH 2 Expander Cycle LRE: RD0146 (PDF). 42nd Joint Propulsion Conference. Sacramento, California: AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE. doi:10.2514/6.2006-4904. AIAA 2006-4904.
- 1 2 "The long road to cryogenic technology". The Hindu. Chennai. April 21, 2011. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
- ↑ "Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS)". justthe80.com. Archived from the original on February 23, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
- ↑ Laxman, Srinivas (Jan 6, 2014). "India overcame US sanctions to develop cryogenic engine". The Times of India . Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
