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The YF-77 is China's first cryogenic rocket engine developed for booster applications. It burns liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer using a gas generator cycle. A pair of these engines powers the LM-5 core stage. Each engine can independently gimbal in two planes. Although the YF-77 is ignited prior to liftoff, the LM-5's four strap-on boosters provide most of the initial thrust in an arrangement similar to the European Vulcain on the Ariane 5 or the Japanese LE-7 on the H-II.
The YF-100 is a Chinese liquid rocket engine burning LOX and kerosene in an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle.
The Long March 6 or Chang Zheng 6 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM 6 for export or CZ 6 within China, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled launch vehicle of the Long March family, which was developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) and the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST). The rocket was developed in the 2000s, and made its maiden flight in 2015. As one of the new generation rocket family, the Long March 6 was designed to be a light capacity, "high-speed response" rocket, complementing the heavy lift Long March 5 and the mid-heavy lift Long March 7 rocket families. It is capable of placing at least 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) of payload into a Sun-synchronous orbit. The first stage of the Long March 6 was derived from the booster rockets being developed for the Long March 5 rocket. It is powered by a YF-100 engine, which generates 1,340 kN (300,000 lbf) of thrust from burning kerosene and LOX as rocket fuel and oxidiser. This was the first flight of the new engine design.
The Long March 7, or Chang Zheng 7 in pinyin, abbreviated LM-7 for export or CZ-7 within China, originally Long March 2F/H or Chang Zheng 2F/H, nicknamed Bingjian, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled launch vehicle of the Long March family, developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CAST). It made its inaugural flight on 25 June 2016.
This page is an incomplete list of orbital rocket engine data and specifications.
The YF-115 is a Chinese liquid rocket engine burning LOX and kerosene in an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle. A high efficiency/high thrust environmental-friendly rocket engine was always an objective within Programme 863. Development began in the 2000s, along with its sibling, the bigger YF-100, which would power the LM-5, LM-6 and LM-7 boosters and first stages. Testing was directed by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) commencing in 2005. Development works are mainly carried out by the Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute. It will be used as upper stage engine for China's next generation of medium and light environmental-friendly launch vehicles, namely the Long March 6 and the Long March 7. During early 2012, the engine system successfully passed vacuum testing. It is China's first upper stage rocket engine to adopt the staged-combustion cycle.
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The TQ-12 is a gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen under development by Landspace. TQ-12 is the first Chinese liquid rocket engine developed with private funding. The engine has been designed to produce 670 kilonewtons (150,000 lbf) of thrust at sea level.
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The YF-130 is a Chinese rocket engine fueled by LOX and kerosene in an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle currently in development. It has been designed to reach around 500 tonnes of thrust and it will power the super heavy Long March 9 rocket.
The YF-79 is a liquid cryogenic rocket engine burning liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen in a closed expander cycle. It is China's fourth generation of upper stage cryogenic propellant engine, after the YF-73, YF-75 and the YF-75D. It can do multiple restarts thanks to an electric spark igniter and a prototype was tested at 60% and 100% thrust levels in December 2021.
The Long March 6A or Chang Zheng 6A as in pinyin, abbreviated LM 6A for export or CZ 6A within China, is a Chinese launch vehicle of the Long March family, which was developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) and the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST).
The TH-12 is an oxidizer-rich gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning LOX and kerosene under development by Space Pioneer. The TH-12 utilizes 3D printing and has the highest target thrust among all commercial rocket engines in China. The engine features deep throttling for reusability, re-ignition, thrust vectoring, and multi-mode starters.
Long March 10, also known as the “Next Generation crewed launch vehicle” or “921 rocket”, is a Chinese super-heavy carrier rocket for crewed lunar missions that is currently under development. The nickname "921" refers to the founding date of China's human spaceflight program. Like the Long March 5, it uses 5-meter (16.4 ft) diameter rocket bodies and YF-100K engines, although with 7 engines on each of 3 cores. The rocket's planned launch weight is 2187 tonnes, and would be capable of delivering at least 27 tonnes into a trans-lunar injection trajectory. The proposed crewed lunar mission would use two Long March 10s; the crewed spacecraft and the lunar landing stack would launch separately and subsequently rendezvous in lunar orbit, prior to a crewed lunar landing attempt. Development was announced at the 2020 China Space Conference. As of 2022, the first flight of this triple-cored rocket is targeted for 2027.
The TH-11 is an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle rocket engine burning LOX and kerosene developed by Space Pioneer. The TH-11 engine features a reusable design, staged combustion cycle, wide usage of 3D printed components (>80%), and short development time, making it a notable achievement within the Chinese commercial space industry.
The Long March 6C (CZ-6C) is a Chinese two-stage-to-orbit liquid-fueled launch vehicle, based on the Long March 6A, but with the 4 solid rocket boosters removed. Both the first and second stages use liquid oxygen/kerosene propellants RP-1. It will be used for low earth orbit (LEO) and sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) launch missions, for example launching small and medium-sized military, civilian and commercial satellites in low and medium orbits.
References
- ↑ Brügge, Norbert. "China's new rocket engines". www.b14643.de. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- 1 2 丁兆波,刘 倩,王天泰,杨继东,孙纪国,龚杰峰 (2020-11-17). "220t级补燃循环氢氧发动机推力室研制" (in Simplified Chinese). 北京航天动力研究所,北京 100076. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ 孙纪国,郑孟伟,龚杰峰,陶瑞峰 (2022-01-15). "220tf补燃循环氢氧发动机研制进展" (in Simplified Chinese). 《火箭推进》2022年02期. Archived from the original on 2022-06-05. Retrieved 2022-06-05.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ "China successfully tests new engine for Long March 9 rocket". 2022-10-03. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
- ↑ "Development Trend of Liquid Hydrogen-Fueled Rocket Engines (Part 1): Current Status and Future Prospects in Korea and China". Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 36 (2): 1015–1026. doi: 10.1007/s42405-022-00519-7 . S2CID 251938449.
- ↑ 蘇子牧 (2021-07-29). "中國製造｜重型火箭220噸級引擎現身 首台工程樣機完成生產" (in Traditional Chinese). 香港01. Archived from the original on 2021-08-06. Retrieved 2021-08-07.
- ↑ "China moves to next stage of super heavy rocket development". 2022-09-07. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
- ↑ 郑孟伟 (2021-09-27). "重型运载火箭220吨级补燃循环氢氧发动机首次半系统试验圆满成功" (in Simplified Chinese). 北京航天动力研究所. Archived from the original on 2021-09-27. Retrieved 2021-09-27.
- 1 2 "China Achieves 'Critical Milestone' In Next-Gen Rocket Engine Tech". 2021-12-25. Retrieved 2023-03-08.
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