SCE-200

Last updated
SCE-200
Power Head Test Article (PHTA) for SCE-200.jpg
Power Head Test Article (PHTA) for SCE-200
Country of origin India
Designer LPSC, ISRO
Manufacturer Godrej & Boyce [1] [2]
ApplicationMain engine
StatusUnder Development
Liquid-fuel engine
Propellant LOX / RP-1
Mixture ratio2.65 [3]
Cycle Staged combustion
Configuration
Chamber1
Performance
Thrust, vacuum2,030 kN (460,000 lbf) [4]
Thrust, sea-level1,820 kN (410,000 lbf) [4]
Throttle range60% to 105% [3]
Chamber pressure 18 MPa (2,600 psi) [3]
Specific impulse, vacuum335 seconds (3.29 km/s)
Specific impulse, sea-level299 seconds (2.93 km/s)
Mass flow 640 kg/s [5]
Dimensions
Dry mass~2700 kg

The SCE-200 (also referred as Semi-Cryogenic Engine-200) is a 2 MN thrust class liquid rocket engine, being developed to power Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) existing LVM3 and upcoming heavy and super heavy-lift launch vehicles. It is being developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) of ISRO, and is expected to have first flight in 2020s.

Contents

Burning liquid oxygen (LOX) and RP-1 kerosene in an oxidizer-rich staged combustion cycle, [6] the engine will boost payload capacity of LVM3 replacing current L110 stage powered by 2 Vikas engines. It is also expected to power ISRO's upcoming Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV) [7] rockets (previously planned as ULV) as well as ISRO's future reusable rockets based on RLV technology demonstrations. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]

The engine in September 2019 reportedly had become ready to begin testing in Ukraine and enter service no earlier than 2022. The use of engine of India's first human spaceflight, hence was ruled out by ISRO. By November 2022, SCE-200 had neared completion of its qualification tests. The Semi-Cryogenic Engine and Stage Test Facility at the ISRO Propulsion Complex Mahendergiri was preparing for ground tests now that the SCE-200 had reached the final stages of development. [13]

Background

On June 2, 2005, India and Ukraine signed the Framework Agreement between the Government of Ukraine and the Government of the Republic of India on Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, which would enter in force on February 15, 2006. [14] Agreement also involved the transfer of blueprints for a rocket engine by the Yuzhnoye Design Office. The engine blueprints supposedly transferred by Ukraine to India, have been identified as the RD-810 which in turn is a variant of Russian RD-120. [15] [16] [17]

According to official press release on March 26, 2013, by Ukrainian Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, development of a rocket engine for Indian launch vehicles initiated in 2006 under a joint Indian-Ukrainian project named "Jasmine". [18] [19] [15] [20] [21]

History

In 2009, SCE-200 program was approved for ₹1,798 crore (US$220 million) and program to develop a 2 MN class main engine began. [22]

During May and June 2015, ISRO and Roscosmos signed a wide-ranging Memorandum of Understanding for cooperation in space. [23] A. S. Kiran Kumar, Chairman of the ISRO, stated that one of the first benefits would be the availability of Russian test stand for initial testing of the SCE-200, while the Mahendragiri semi-cryogenic test stand being built. The engine is a part of the ₹1,800 crore (US$220 million) semi-cryogenic launch vehicle program, which would be capable of placing 6,000–10,000 kilograms (13,000–22,000 lb) in GTO. [23] [24] The engine however will not be the part of first flight of Gaganyaan, India's first crewed mission to space, given timelines and schedules. [25]

In 2017, Ukrainian firm Yuzhmash was contracted by ISRO to conduct tests on critical components of SCE-200. First stage of contract was reportedly complete and tests were expected to be completed by 2019. [15] [26] [27] In April 2022, ISRO chairman S. Somanath stated that tests within the country were to begin in next 3 months. [28] By November 2022, the test facility and stand had been nearly ready for engine as well as SC120 stage test which would upgrade India's existing LVM3 rocket. [29] [30]

Development and testing

SCE-200 Power Head Test Article SCE-200 Power Head Test Article (PHTA) going through its first hot test at ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu 03.webp
SCE-200 Power Head Test Article
Power Head Test Article Cold Flow Test at Semicryo Test Stand Power Head Test Article test at Semicryo Test Stand.webp
Power Head Test Article Cold Flow Test at Semicryo Test Stand

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypergolic propellant</span> Type of rocket engine fuel

A hypergolic propellant is a rocket propellant combination used in a rocket engine, whose components spontaneously ignite when they come into contact with each other.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle</span> Indian expendable launch vehicle for launching satellites, developed by ISRO

The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is an expendable medium-lift launch vehicle designed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into Sun-synchronous orbits, a service that was, until the advent of the PSLV in 1993, only commercially available from Russia. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liquid-propellant rocket</span> Rocket engine that uses liquid fuels and oxidizers

A liquid-propellant rocket or liquid rocket utilizes a rocket engine burning liquid propellants. (Alternate approaches use gaseous or solid propellants.) Liquids are desirable propellants because they have reasonably high density and their combustion products have high specific impulse (Isp). This allows the volume of the propellant tanks to be relatively low.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle</span> Class of Indian medium-lift expendable launch vehicles, developed by ISRO

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) is a class of expendable launch systems operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). GSLV has been used in fifteen launches since 2001.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gas-generator cycle</span> Rocket engine operation method

The gas-generator cycle, also called open cycle, is one of the most commonly used power cycles in bipropellant liquid rocket engines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre</span> ISRO India research centre

The Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC),Thiruvananthapuram is a research and development centre functioning under Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It has two units located at Valiamala, in Thiruvananthapuram of Kerala, and Bengaluru of Karnataka. LPSC is augmented by ISRO Propulsion Complex at Mahendragiri of Tamil Nadu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LVM3</span> Indian expendable medium-lift launch vehicle, developed by ISRO

The Launch Vehicle Mark-3 or LVM3 is a three-stage medium-lift launch vehicle developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Primarily designed to launch communication satellites into geostationary orbit, it is also due to launch crewed missions under the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. LVM3 has a higher payload capacity than its predecessor, GSLV.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GSAT-4</span> Indian experimental communication and navigation satellite

GSAT-4, also known as HealthSat, was an experimental communication and navigation satellite launched in April 2010 by the Indian Space Research Organisation on the maiden flight of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk.II rocket. It failed to reach orbit after the rocket's third stage malfunctioned. The third stage was the first Indian-built cryogenic-fuelled upper stage, and was making its first flight. The ISRO suspects that the failure was caused by the third stage not igniting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gaganyaan</span> Indian crewed spacecraft

Gaganyaan is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft intended to be the formative spacecraft of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. The spacecraft is being designed to carry three people, and a planned upgraded version will be equipped with rendezvous and docking capabilities. In its maiden crewed mission, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)'s largely autonomous 5.3-metric ton capsule will orbit the Earth at 400 km altitude for up to seven days with a two- or three-person crew on board. The first crewed mission was originally planned to be launched on ISRO's HLVM3 rocket in December 2021. As of October 2023, it is expected to be launched by 2025.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vikas (rocket engine)</span> Indian rocket engine

The Vikas is a family of hypergolic liquid fuelled rocket engines conceptualized and designed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre in the 1970s. The design was based on the licensed version of the Viking engine with the chemical pressurisation system. The early production Vikas engines used some imported French components which were later replaced by domestically produced equivalents. It is used in the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and LVM3 for space launch use.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cryogenic rocket engine</span> Type of rocket engine which uses liquid fuel stored at very low temperatures

A cryogenic rocket engine is a rocket engine that uses a cryogenic fuel and oxidizer; that is, both its fuel and oxidizer are gases which have been liquefied and are stored at very low temperatures. These highly efficient engines were first flown on the US Atlas-Centaur and were one of the main factors of NASA's success in reaching the Moon by the Saturn V rocket.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CE-20</span> Rocket engine developed by ISRO for upper stage of its GSLV Mk III rocket

The CE-20 is a cryogenic rocket engine developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), a subsidiary of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It has been developed to power the upper stage of the LVM3. It is the first Indian cryogenic engine to feature a gas-generator cycle. The high thrust cryogenic engine is the most powerful upper stage cryogenic engine in operational service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CE-7.5</span> Cryogenic rocket engine developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation

The CE-7.5 is a cryogenic rocket engine developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation to power the upper stage of its GSLV Mk-2 launch vehicle. The engine was developed as a part of the Cryogenic Upper Stage Project (CUSP). It replaced the KVD-1 (RD-56) Russian cryogenic engine that powered the upper stage of GSLV Mk-1.

The RD-120 is a liquid upper stage rocket engine burning RG-1 and LOX in an oxidizer rich staged combustion cycle with an O/F ratio of 2.6. It is used in the second stage of the Zenit family of launch vehicles. It has a single, fixed combustion chamber and thus on the Zenit it is paired with the RD-8 vernier engine. The engine was developed from 1976 to 1985 by NPO Energomash with V.P. Radovsky leading the development. It is manufactured by, among others, Yuzhmash in Ukraine.

Dr. A. E. Muthunayagam is a leading space scientist in the Indian Space Research Organisation and the chief architect of rocket propulsion in India. He was responsible for the creation of Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre. For his significant contributions to the development of Propulsion Technology in India, he is known as the father of propulsion technology in India's space program. He chose to return to India from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for the development of propulsion technology in the Indian Space Research Organisation. He established the Test Stands and Assembly and Integration Facilities in Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre, Mahendragiri for testing liquid stages of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle. He is the founder director of Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre] and held the position from 30 November 1985 to 14 April 1994. He held the secretary position in the Department of Ocean Development. He worked as an executive vice-president in Kerala State Council for Science Technology and Environment. He worked as Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai from 2005 to 2008. He was appointed under Section 11 of the IIT Act of 1961, which lays down the composition of the Board of Governors for each of the seven Indian Institutes of Technology across India

KVD-1 was an upper stage LOX/LH2 cryogenic engine developed by the Isayev Design Bureau (now KB KhIMMASH) of Russia in the early 1960s. It is a modified version of the RD-56, developed for a never-completed cryogenic upper stage of the N-1 super-heavy lift rocket, with the goal of enabling crewed lunar missions by the USSR. The KVD-1 produces a thrust of 7.5 tonnes.

The ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC), located at Mahendragiri of Tamil Nadu, is an Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) centre involved in testing, assembling, and integrating propulsion systems and stages that are developed at ISRO's Liquid Propulsion Systems Centres. Formerly, IPRC was known as LPSC, Mahendragiri, functioning under LPSC. It was elevated as an independent centre and renamed as IPRC with effect from 1 February 2014.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Skyroot Aerospace</span> Indian aerospace company

Skyroot Aerospace Private Limited is an Indian private aerospace manufacturer and commercial launch service provider headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana. The company was founded by former engineers and scientists from ISRO. It aims to develop and launch its own series of small-lift launch vehicles especially crafted for the small satellite market.

The Next Generation Launch Vehicle or NGLV or "Soorya" is a three-stage partially reusable rocket, currently under development by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). This vehicle is designed to replace currently operational systems like PSLV, GSLV and LVM3.

References

  1. ↑ M Ramesh. "Godrej Aerospace to make semi-cryogenic engines". The Hindu Business Line.
  2. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. 1 2 3 "Semi-cryogenic Propulsion". VSSC.gov.in. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  4. 1 2 "SCE-200 a liquid-fuel, staged combustion semi-cryogenic engine being developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) lab of ISRO". IITTEN. 6 May 2015. Archived from the original on 8 July 2015. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  5. ↑ "Launch Vehicles and Propulsion System" by Dr. V. Narayanan. Event occurs at 46 min. 10 sec.
  6. ↑ K. N. Jayachandran; Arnab Roy; arthasarathi Ghosh. "Numerical investigations on Direct Contact Condensation (DCC) of oxygen vapor at the inlet duct to the main LOX pump in a staged combustion cycle based rocket engine" (PDF). Cryogenic Engineering Centre and Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur .
  7. ↑ "ISRO readies plan for next generation launch vehicle". The Hindu. 8 June 2023. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  8. ↑ "Space Transportation System - Semi-cryogenic Project". ISRO. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  9. ↑ "Government of India, Department of Space, Annual Report 2015 - 2016" (PDF). 26 May 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2016.
  10. ↑ Raj, Gopal (5 June 2017). "ISRO's heaviest rocket is ready but is it enough for the load that lies ahead?". The Ken. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  11. ↑ "Post successful launch of India's heaviest rocket, ISRO sets its eyes on 10-tonne class payload launcher". NewIndianExpress. Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  12. ↑ "Annual Report 2016 -2017 (English) - ISRO". www.isro.gov.in. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  13. ↑ Rajwi, Tiki (26 February 2024). "ISRO's Semi-Cryogenic Engine and Stage Test Facility at Mahendragiri". The Hindu. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 18 August 2024.
  14. ↑ "Legal basis of Ukraine and India". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine . Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  15. 1 2 3 "Ukraine to test components of a powerful Indian rocket engine". www.russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  16. ↑ "Semi-Cryogenic Engines" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2015.
  17. ↑ "ISRO moves on, gears up to test semi-cryogenic engine in Ukraine". www.thehindubusinessline.com. 19 September 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  18. ↑ "Урядовий портал :: Україна розробляє ракетний двигун для індійської ракети-носія". www.kmu.gov.ua. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  19. ↑ "Урядовий портал :: Ukraine designs rocket for Indian launch vehicle". www.kmu.gov.ua. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  20. ↑ "Україна розробляє ракетний двигун для індійської ракети-носія". kmu.gov.ua. 26 March 2013. Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  21. ↑ "Ukraine designs rocket for Indian launch vehicle". old.kmu.gov.ua. 26 March 2013. Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  22. ↑ Nair, Nandini (1 November 2022). "ISRO: Semi-cryogenic engine in final phase, will boost GSLV's lift capability". Organiser.
  23. 1 2 "Russian tie-up to boost ISRO's semicryogenic launcher plan". The Hindu. 14 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  24. ↑ "Heavy Lift Launcher". Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
  25. ↑ "Episode 90 – An update on ISRO's activities with S Somanath and R Umamaheshwaran". AstrotalkUK. 24 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  26. ↑ "Ukraine expands industrial rocket building cooperation with south-eastern Asian countries" . Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  27. ↑ Ramesh, M. "ISRO moves on, gears up to test semi-cryogenic engine in Ukraine". @businessline. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  28. ↑ Sharma, Abhishek (10 April 2022). "वाराणसी में बोले इसरो के चेयरमैन डा. सोमनाथ एस - 'तीन महीने बाद लांच होगा देश का पहला सेमी क्रायोजेनिक इंजन'". Jagran (in Hindi). Varanasi. Retrieved 17 April 2022.
  29. ↑ "As GSLV-Mk3 goes commercial, work on semi-cryo picks up pace". The Times of India. Bengaluru. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  30. ↑ "Video of ISRO's Semi Cryogenic Integrated Engine and Test Facility". Space Park - Indian Space Research Organisation. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  31. ↑ "Tests commenced on Semicryogenic engine at IPRC, Mahendragiri". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 10 May 2023. This test demonstrated the complex chill-down operations spanning about 15 hours duration that was conducted successfully, meeting all the required conditions for engine start.After the chill down of the LOX circuit, the feed circuit of kerosene was filled, and LOX was admitted into the gas generator by opening the injection valve. Successful performance of the test article helps derive the sequence of operations for further tests.
  32. ↑ "First hot test of the Semi-cryogenic engine conducted at IPRC, Mahendragiri". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  33. ↑ "Successful ignition test on Semi Cryogenic Pre-Burner Ignition Test Article (PITA)". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
  34. ↑ Pillai, Soumya (6 May 2024). "ISRO completes key test for India's first semi-cryogenic engine to better future launches". ThePrint. Retrieved 7 May 2024.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.