List of GSLV launches

Last updated

Liftoff of GSLV Mk. II F14 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, carrying INSAT-3DS. GSLV-F14, INSAT-3DS - Lift off from SLP 01.jpg
Liftoff of GSLV Mk. II F14 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, carrying INSAT-3DS.

This is a list of launches conducted by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) using Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) rockets. This list does not include LVM 3 (formerly known as GSLV Mk III) launches, which can be found here.

Contents

Notable missions

GSLV MK. I flight D1

This was the first developmental flight of the GSLV Mk.I featuring Russian cryogenic engine KVD-1. It was used to place an experimental satellite GSAT-1 into the orbit. However, due to sub-optimal performance and lack of fuel the vehicle did not achieve the intended orbit and the satellite had to maneuver itself using onboard fuel to correct the shortfall. ISRO claims the launch to be successful. [1] [2] In a 2014 interview, ISRO Chairman K. Radhakrishnan attributed the failure to incorrect mixture ratio used in the cryogenic upper stage. [3] [1] [4]

GSLV MK. II flight D5

This was the second test flight with indigenous cryogenic stage CE-7.5 and the first successful launch with the CE-7.5. The flight lifted and successfully placed the 1,982 kilograms (4,370 lb) GSAT-14 into the orbit. This flight became the harbinger of successful launch with the indigenous cryogenic stage. [5] [6] [7]

GSLV MK. II flight F09

This was the fourth consecutive successful flight of GSLV Mk. II with indigenous cryogenic engine. The flight placed the regional satellite South Asia Satellite was previously named as South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Satellite. [8] [9] [10] [11] The satellite was a gift from India to its neighbors to bolster Prime Minister Narendra Modi's neighborhood first policy. [12] Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka are the users of the multi-dimensional facilities provided by the satellite.

Statistics

Rocket configurations

1
2
2001
2005
2010
2015
2020
  •   GSLV MK. I
  •   GSLV MK. II

Launch sites

1
2
2001
2005
2010
2015
2020

Mission outcome

1
2
3
2001
2005
2010
2015
2020
  •   Success
  •   Partial failure
  •   Failure
  •   Planned

Flight history

As of 17 February 2024, rockets from the GSLV family have made 16 launches, resulting in 10 successes, four failures, and two partial failures. [13] All launches have occurred from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, known before 2002 as the Sriharikota Range (SHAR).

2001–2009

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration		Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUserLaunch
outcome
D118 April 2001
10:13		Mk I First Flag of India.svg GSAT-1 1540 kgGTO INSAT Partial failure
Developmental flight, payload placed into lower than planned orbit, and did not have sufficient fuel to reach a usable orbit. [1]
D28 May 2003
11:28		Mk I First Flag of India.svg GSAT-2 1825 kgGTO INSAT Success
Developmental flight. [14]
F0120 September 2004
10:31		Mk I First Flag of India.svg GSAT-3 1950 kgGTO INSAT Success
First operational flight. [15]
F0210 July 2006
12:08		Mk I Second Flag of India.svg INSAT-4C 2168 kgGTO INSAT Failure
One of the L40 strap-on engines failed at lift-off. Both rocket and satellite had to be destroyed over the Bay of Bengal after the rocket's trajectory veered outside permitted limits. [16]
F042 September 2007
12:51		Mk I Second Flag of India.svg INSAT-4CR 2160 kgGTO INSAT Partial failure
High roll rate build-up due control system malfunction on one L40 strapon resulted in premature shutdown of other strap-on stages. [17] Due to an error in the guidance subsystem achieved orbit had lower apogee and inclination higher than expected. [18] Orbit corrected through satellite, eventually the INSAT-4CR was placed in its slot. [19] [20] [21] Satellite completed its planned design life while it was fully operational. ISRO claims this GSLV flight to be successful. [22]

2010–2017

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration		Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUserLaunch
outcome
D315 April 2010
10:57		Mk II Second Flag of India.svg GSAT-4 2220 kgGTO INSAT Failure
First flight test of the ISRO designed and built Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS). Failed to reach orbit due to malfunction of the Fuel Booster Turbo Pump (FBTP) of the cryogenic upper stage. [23]
F0625 December 2010
10:34		Mk I Second Flag of India.svg GSAT-5P 2310 kgGTO INSAT Failure
First flight of GSLV Mk.I (c). Aft shroud of upper stage engine bay disintegrated due to aerodynamic loads, snapping the electrical continuity to L40 strapons. [24] [17] Vehicle was destroyed by range safety officer after loss of control over liquid-fueled boosters. [25]
D55 January 2014
10:48		Mk II Second Flag of India.svg GSAT-14 1980 kgGTO INSAT Success
The flight was scheduled for 19 August 2013, but one hour and 14 minutes before the lift off, a leakage was reported and the launch was halted. [26] Second flight of GSLV with indigenous cryogenic upper stage (CUS) developed by ISRO's Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) was launched successfully on 5 January 2014. [27] [28] It was a launch with precision of 40 m (130 ft). All the three stages performed successfully. [29] [30] This was the first successful flight of the cryogenic stage which was developed indigenously in India.
D627 August 2015
11:22		Mk II Second Flag of India.svg GSAT-6 2117 kgGTO INSAT Success
GSLV Mk II D6 with an Indigenous Cryogenic Engine (ICE) successfully ferried GSAT-6 payload into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) with injection parameters of 170 km x 35945 km, 19.96° inclination. The cuboid-shaped GSAT-6 satellite includes a technology demonstrator S-Band unfurlable antenna with a diameter of six metre which will provide S-band communication services during its expected mission life of nine years. [31] [32] [33]
F058 September 2016
11:20		MK II Second Flag of India.svg INSAT-3DR 2211 kgGTO INSAT Success
First operational flight of GSLV Mk II. The injection parameters were met with extreme precision. Perigee was within 300m (within 0.18%) of the expected value whereas apogee was within 0.2% (80 km). The difference between expected and actual inclination degree was 0.

INSAT-3DR is an advanced atmospheric weather satellite. as well as the second heaviest satellite placed in orbit by an indigenous cryogenic engine propelled GSLV [34] [35] [36]

F095 May 2017
11:27		Mk II Second Flag of India.svg GSAT-9 / South Asia Satellite 2230 kgGTO INSAT Success
South Asia Satellite was previously named as South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Satellite. [37] [38] [11]

2018

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration		Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUserLaunch
Outcome
F0829 March 2018
11:26		Mk II Second Flag of India.svg GSAT-6A 2140 kgGTO INSAT Success
Used an enhanced version of the Vikas engine called High Thrust Vikas Engine (HTVE) which had a thrust of 848 kN (191,000 lbf) in GS2 stage. Electro-hydraulic Actuation used for gimballing in GS2 stage was replaced by more reliable Electro-Mechanical Actuation. [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45]
F1119 December 2018
10:40		Mk II Second Flag of India.svg GSAT-7A 2250 kgGTO INSAT Success
Used an enhanced version of the Vikas engine called High Thrust Vikas Engine (HTVE) along with uprated cryogenic engine C15. [46] [47] [48] [49]

2021

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration		Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUserLaunch
Outcome
F1012 August 2021
00:13 [50] [51] 		Mk II Second Flag of India.svg GISAT-1 / EOS-032268 kgGTOISROFailure
Carried EOS-03, a geostationary multi-spectral imaging satellite. The third stage failed to ignite, leading to the loss of the mission. The cause of failure was found to be a 50 millibar drop in pressure in the Liquid Hydrogen tank of the Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS) [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60]

2023

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration		Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUserLaunch
Outcome
F12 29 May 2023
10:42 [61] [62] 		Mk II Second Flag of India.svg NVS-01 2232 kgGTOISROSuccess
NVS-01 is the first in the second generation navigational satellites. It carried navigational payload operating in L1,L5 and s bands. For the first time, an indigenous atomic clock was flown in NVS-01. [63] [64]

2024

Flight No.Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration		Launch sitePayloadPayload massOrbitUserLaunch
Outcome
F14 17 February 2024
12:05		Mk II Second Flag of India.svg INSAT-3DS 2275 kgGTO ISRO Success
Follow on mission to INSAT-3DR. In this mission, a new white coloured C15 stage was introduced which has more environmental-friendly manufacturing processes, better insulation properties and the use of lightweight materials. [65]

Future flights

Date / time (UTC)Rocket,
Configuration		Launch sitePayloadOrbitUser
26 January 2025
22:45 [66] [67] 		Mk II - F15 Second Flag of India.svg NVS-02 (IRNSS-1K)GTO ISRO
Second generation NAVIC satellite. Also known IRNSS-1K
Q1 2025 [68] Mk II - F16 Second Flag of the United States.svg Flag of India.svg NISAR SSO NASA / ISRO
A joint project between NASA and ISRO to co-develop and launch a dual-frequency synthetic aperture radar on an Earth observation satellite.
2025 [69] Mk II Second Flag of India.svg GISAT-2 (EOS-05)GTOISRO
Follow mission to GISAT-1 2268 kg [70] [57] [71]
2025 [72] [73] [74] [75] Mk II Second Flag of India.svg IDRSS-1 (CMS-04)GTO ISRO
[76] [57]
2026-27 [77] Mk II Second Flag of India.svg NVS-03 GTO ISRO
Second generation NAVIC satellite. Also known IRNSS-1L
2026-27 [74] [75] Mk II Second Flag of India.svg IDRSS-2 GTO ISRO
[76]
2026-27 [78] Mk II Second Flag of India.svg NVS-04 GTO ISRO
Second generation NAVIC satellite. Also known IRNSS-1M
2027-28 [79] Mk II Second Flag of India.svg NVS-05 GTO ISRO
Second generation NAVIC satellite. Also known IRNSS-1N
TBA [80] GEV Second Flag of India.svg RLV-ORV LEO ISRO
Orbital Reentry Experiment (OREX) of RLV-TD will use the existing GSLV launch vehicle with PS-4 stage instead of its CUS upper stages (due to decreased performance unlike a regular GSLV launch) and Orbital Re-entry vehicle (ORV) in place of its ogive payload fairing. [81] [82]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian National Satellite System</span> Series of multipurpose geo-stationary satellites launched by ISRO

The Indian National Satellite System or INSAT, is a series of multipurpose geostationary satellites launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to satisfy telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search and rescue operations. Commissioned in 1983, INSAT is the largest domestic communication system in the Indo-Pacific Region. It is a joint venture of the Department of Space, Department of Telecommunications, India Meteorological Department, All India Radio and Doordarshan. The overall coordination and management of INSAT system rests with the Secretary-level INSAT Coordination Committee.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle</span> Class of Indian medium-lift expendable launch vehicles, developed by ISRO

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) is a class of expendable launch systems operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). GSLV has been used in fifteen launches since 2001.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ISRO</span> Indian national space and aeronautics agency

The Indian Space Research Organisation is India's national space agency. It serves as the principal research and development arm of the Department of Space (DoS), overseen by the Prime Minister of India, with the Chairman of ISRO also serving as the chief executive of the DoS. It is primarily responsible for space-based operations, space exploration, international space cooperation and the development of related technologies. The agency maintains a constellation of imaging, communication and remote sensing satellites. It operates the GAGAN and IRNSS satellite navigation systems. It has sent three missions to the Moon and one mission to Mars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GSAT</span> Series of Indian communications satellites

The GSAT satellites are India's indigenously developed communications satellites, used for digital audio, data and video broadcasting. As of 5 December 2018, 20 GSAT satellites manufactured by ISRO have been launched, out of which 14 are in service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</span> Spaceport in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, India

Satish Dhawan Space Centre – SDSC is the primary spaceport of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), located in Sriharikota, Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LVM3</span> Indian expendable medium-lift launch vehicle, developed by ISRO

The Launch Vehicle Mark-3 or LVM3 is a three-stage medium-lift launch vehicle developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Primarily designed to launch communication satellites into geostationary orbit, it is also due to launch crewed missions under the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. LVM3 has a higher payload capacity than its predecessor, GSLV.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GSAT-4</span> Indian experimental communication and navigation satellite

GSAT-4, also known as HealthSat, was an experimental communication and navigation satellite launched in April 2010 by the Indian Space Research Organisation on the maiden flight of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk.II rocket. It failed to reach orbit after the rocket's third stage malfunctioned. The third stage was the first Indian-built cryogenic-fuelled upper stage, and was making its first flight. The ISRO suspects that the failure was caused by the third stage not igniting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gaganyaan</span> Indian crewed spacecraft

Gaganyaan is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft intended to be the formative spacecraft of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CE-20</span> Rocket engine developed by ISRO for upper stage of its GSLV Mk III rocket

The CE-20 is a cryogenic rocket engine developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), a subsidiary of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It has been developed to power the upper stage of the LVM3. It is the first Indian cryogenic engine to feature a gas-generator cycle. The high thrust cryogenic engine is the most powerful upper stage cryogenic engine in operational service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CE-7.5</span> Cryogenic rocket engine developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation

The CE-7.5 is a cryogenic rocket engine developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation to power the upper stage of its GSLV Mk-2 launch vehicle. The engine was developed as a part of the Cryogenic Upper Stage Project (CUSP). It replaced the KVD-1 (RD-56) Russian cryogenic engine that powered the upper stage of GSLV Mk-1.

GSAT-5P, or GSAT-5 Prime, was an Indian communications satellite which was lost in a launch failure in December 2010. Part of the Indian National Satellite System, it was intended to operate in geosynchronous orbit as a replacement for INSAT-3E.

GSAT-14 is an Indian communications satellite launched in January 2014. It replaced the GSAT-3 satellite, which was launched in 2004. GSAT-14 was launched by a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk.II, which incorporated an Indian-built cryogenic engine on the third stage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">INSAT-4E</span> Indian communication satellite

INSAT-4E, also known as GSAT-6, is a member of the INSAT family and is a multimedia communication satellite that will offer a Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (S-DMB) service across several digital multimedia terminals or consoles which can be used to provide information services to vehicles on the fly and to the mobile phones. The satellite can be used for other social and strategic applications.

GSAT-7 or INSAT-4F is a multi-band military communications satellite developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation. The Indian Navy is the user of the multi-band communication spacecraft, which has been operational since September 2013. According to defense experts, the satellite will enable the navy to extend its blue water capabilities and stop relying on foreign satellites like Inmarsat, which provide communication services to its ships.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GSAT-6A</span> Indian telecommunications satellite

GSAT-6A was a communication satellite launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It featured a 6-metre (20 ft) unfurlable S-band antenna similar to the one used on GSAT-6. Around 17 minutes after lift-off, the three stage GSLV Mk.II rocket flying on GSLV F08 mission successfully injected the satellite into a geosynchronous transfer orbit. Due to power failure during its orbit raising burns the communication was lost with GSAT-6A before it could reach its final circular geostationary orbit (GSO).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GSAT-29</span> Indian communication satellite

GSAT-29 is a high-throughput communication satellite developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The mission aims at providing high-speed bandwidth to Village Resource Centres (VRC) in rural areas. The two Ku and Ka operational payloads will provide communication services to Jammu and Kashmir and Northeast India under Digital India programme. At the time of launch GSAT-29 was the heaviest satellite, weighing 3,423 kg (7,546 lb), that was placed in orbit by an Indian launch vehicle. Approved cost of GSAT-29 is ₹175.63 crore (US$21 million).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gaganyaan-4</span> Indian spaceflight, planned 2026

Gaganyaan-4 will be the first crewed test flight of the Gaganyaan programme, with launch planned for 2026.

References

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