List of lunar probes

Surveyor 3 on the Moon.

The first image returned by Luna 3 showed the far side of the Moon

This is a list of robotic space probes that have flown by, impacted, orbited or landed on the Moon for the purpose of lunar exploration, as well as probes launched toward the Moon that failed to reach their target.

The crewed Apollo missions are listed at List of missions to the Moon.

Major programs encompassing several probes include:

• Luna program — USSR Lunar exploration (1959–1976)
• Ranger program — US Lunar hard-landing probes (1961–1965)
• Zond program — USSR Lunar exploration (1964–1970)
• Surveyor program — US Lunar soft-landing probe (1966–1968)
• Lunar Orbiter program — US Lunar orbital (1966–1967)
• Lunokhod program — USSR Lunar Rover probes (1970–1973)
• Chang'e program - China Lunar orbiters, landers, rovers and sample return spacecrafts (2004-present)
• Chandrayaan programme - Indian Lunar Exploration Programme incorporates Lunar orbiters, impactor, soft landers and rover spacecrafts (2008-present)

  

  Chandrayaan-3's lander Vikram on the Moon imaged by rover Pragyan 15 meters away

Second confirmation of water on Moon by Chandrayaan-1's Moon Mineralogy Mapper that observed reflectance spectra of water ice.

Key

Colour key:

– Mission or flyby completed successfully (or partially successfully)		– Failed or cancelled mission
– Mission en route or in progress (including mission extensions)		– Planned mission

• ^† means "tentatively identified", as classified by NASA . These are Cold War-era Soviet missions, mostly failures, about which few or no details have been officially released. The information given may be speculative.^[ needs update ]
• Date is the date of:

• closest encounter (flybys)
• impact (impactors)
• orbital insertion to end of mission, whether planned or premature (orbiters)
• landing to end of mission, whether planned or premature (landers)
• launch (missions that never got underway due to failure at or soon after launch)

In cases which do not fit any of the above, the event to which the date refers is stated. Note that as a result of this scheme missions are not always listed in order of launch.

• In the case of flybys (such as gravity assists) that are incidental to the main mission, "success" indicates the successful completion of the flyby, not necessarily that of the main mission.

Lunar probes by date

1958–1960

Spacecraft		Organization	Date	Type	Status	Notes	Image	Ref
Pioneer 0		DoD	17 August 1958	orbiter	failure	first attempted launch beyond Earth orbit; launch vehicle failure; maximum altitude 16 km		ABLE1
Luna E-1 No.1		USSR	23 September 1958	impactor	failure	launch vehicle failure
Pioneer 1		NASA/ DoD	11 October 1958	orbiter	failure	second stage premature shutdown; maximum altitude 113,800 km; some data returned		1958-007A
Luna E-1 No.2		USSR	12 October 1958	impactor	failure	launch vehicle failure
Pioneer 2		NASA/ STL	8 November 1958	orbiter	failure	third stage failure; maximum altitude 1,550 km; some data returned		PION2
Luna E-1 No.3		USSR	4 December 1958	impactor	failure	launch vehicle failure
Pioneer 3		NASA/ DoD	6 December 1958	flyby	failure	fuel depletion; maximum altitude 102,360 km; some data returned		1958-008A
Luna 1		USSR	4 January 1959	flyby	partial success	first spacecraft in the vicinity of the Moon (flew within 5,995 km, but probably an intended impactor)		1959-012A
Pioneer 4		NASA/ DoD	4 March 1959	flyby	partial success	achieved distant flyby; first US probe to enter solar orbit		1959-013A
Luna E-1A No.1		USSR	18 June 1959	impactor	failure	failed to reach Earth orbit
Luna 2		USSR	14 September 1959	impactor	success	first impact on Moon		1959-014A
Pioneer P-1		NASA	24 September 1959?	orbiter?	failure	designation sometimes given to a failed launch or launchpad explosion during testing; conflicting information between sources
Luna 3		USSR	6 October 1959	flyby	success	first images from the lunar farside		1959-008A
Pioneer P-3		NASA	26 November 1959	orbiter	failure	disintegrated shortly after launch		PIONX
Luna 1960A †		USSR	15 April 1960	flyby	failure	failed to attain correct trajectory
Luna 1960B †		USSR	16 April 1960	flyby	failure	launch vehicle failure
Pioneer P-30		NASA	25 September 1960	orbiter	failure	second stage failure; failed to reach Earth orbit		PIONY
Pioneer P-31		NASA	15 December 1960	orbiter	failure	first stage failure		PIONZ

1962–1965

Spacecraft		Organization	Date	Type	Status	Notes	Image	Ref
Ranger 3		NASA	28 January 1962	impactor	failure	missed target		1962-001A
Ranger 4		NASA	26 April 1962	impactor	failure	hit the lunar farside; no data returned		1962-012A
Ranger 5		NASA	21 October 1962	impactor	failure	power failure, missed target		1962-055A
Sputnik 25		USSR	5 January 1963	lander	failure	failed to escape Earth orbit		1963-001A
Luna E-6 No.3 †		USSR	2 February 1963	lander?	failure	failed to reach Earth orbit
Luna 4		USSR	5 April 1963	lander?	failure	missed target, became Earth satellite		1963-008B
Ranger 6		NASA	2 February 1964	impactor	partial success	impacted, but no pictures returned due to power failure		1964-007A
Luna 1964A †		USSR	21 March 1964	lander	failure	failed to reach Earth orbit
Ranger 7		NASA	31 July 1964	impactor	success	returned pictures until impact		1964-041A
Ranger 8		NASA	20 February 1965	impactor	success	returned pictures until impact		1965-010A
Cosmos 60		USSR	12 March 1965	lander	failure	failed to leave Earth orbit		1965-018A
Ranger 9		NASA	24 March 1965	impactor	success	TV broadcast of live pictures until impact		1965-023A
Luna 1965A †		USSR	10 April 1965	lander	failure	failed to reach Earth orbit?
Luna 5		USSR	12 May 1965	lander	failure	crashed into Moon		1965-036A
Luna 6		USSR	8 June 1965	lander	failure	missed Moon		1965-044A
Zond 3		USSR	20 July 1965	flyby	success	possibly originally intended as a Mars probe, but target changed after launch window missed		1965-056A
Luna 7		USSR	7 October 1965	lander	failure	crashed into Moon		1965-077A
Luna 8		USSR	6 December 1965	lander	failure	crashed into Moon		1965-099A

1966–1967

Spacecraft		Organization	Date	Type	Status	Notes	Image	Ref
Luna 9		USSR	3 February 1966 – 6 February 1966	lander	success	first soft landing; first images from the surface		1966-006A
Cosmos 111		USSR	1 March 1966	orbiter	failure	failed to escape Earth orbit		1966-017A
Luna 10		USSR	3 April 1966 – 30 May 1966	orbiter	success	first artificial satellite of the Moon		1966-027A
Luna 1966A†		USSR	30 April 1966	orbiter	failure	failed to reach Earth orbit
Surveyor 1		NASA	2 June 1966	lander	success	first US soft landing; Surveyor program performed various tests in support of forthcoming human landings		1966-045A
Explorer 33		NASA	1 July 1966 – 15 September 1971	orbiter	partial success	studied interplanetary plasma, cosmic rays, magnetic fields and solar X rays; failed to attain lunar orbit as intended, but achieved mission objectives from Earth orbit		1966-058A
Lunar Orbiter 1		NASA	14 August 1966 – 29 October 1966	orbiter	success	photographic mapping of lunar surface; intentionally impacted after completion of mission		1966-073A
Luna 11		USSR	28 August 1966 – 1 October 1966	orbiter	success	gamma-ray and X-ray-based observations of Moon's composition; gravity, radiation and meteorite studies		1966-078A
Surveyor 2		NASA	23 September 1966	lander	failure	crashed into Moon		1966-084A
Luna 12		USSR	25 October 1966 – 19 January 1967	orbiter	success	lunar surface photography		1966-094A
Lunar Orbiter 2		NASA	10 November 1966 – 11 October 1967	orbiter	success	photographic mapping of lunar surface; intentionally impacted after completion of mission		1966-100A
Luna 13		USSR	24 December 1966	lander	success	TV pictures of lunar landscape; soil measurements		1966-116A
Lunar Orbiter 3		NASA	8 February 1967 – 9 October 1967	orbiter	success	photographic mapping of lunar surface; intentionally impacted after completion of mission		1967-008A
Surveyor 3		NASA	20 April 1967 – 4 May 1967	lander	success	various studies, primarily in support of forthcoming human landings. First lander visited by a later crewed mission (Apollo 12) that even brought its components back to Earth.		1967-035A
Lunar Orbiter 4		NASA	May–October 1967	orbiter	success	lunar photographic survey		1967-041A
Explorer 35		NASA	July 1967 – 24 June 1973	orbiter	success	studies of interplanetary plasma, magnetic fields, energetic particles and solar X rays		1967-070A
Surveyor 4		NASA	17 July 1967	lander	failure	crashed into Moon		1967-068A
Lunar Orbiter 5		NASA	5 August 1967 – 31 January 1968	orbiter	success	lunar photographic survey; intentionally impacted after completion of mission		1967-075A
Surveyor 5		NASA	11 September 1967 – 17 December 1967	lander	success	various studies, primarily in support of forthcoming human landings		1967-084A
Zond 1967A †		USSR	28 September 1967		failure	lunar capsule test flight; launch failure
Surveyor 6		NASA	10 November 1967 – 14 December 1967	lander	success	various studies, primarily in support of forthcoming human landings		1967-112A
Zond 1967B †		USSR	22 November 1967		failure	lunar capsule test flight; launch failure

1968–1970

Spacecraft		Organization	Date	Type	Status	Notes	Image	Ref
Surveyor 7		NASA	10 January 1968 – 21 February 1968	lander	success	various studies, primarily in support of forthcoming human landings; fifth and final Surveyor mission to achieve soft landing		1968-001A
Luna 1968A †		USSR	7 February 1968	orbiter?	failure	failed to reach Earth orbit
Zond 4		USSR	2 March 1968 (launch)			lunar programme flight test, directed away from Moon, either intentionally or unintentionally		1968-013A
Luna 14		USSR	10 April 1968 – ?	orbiter	success	tests of radio communications technologies; lunar mascon studies		1968-027A
Zond 1968A †		USSR	23 April 1968	flyby?	failure	launch failure
Zond 5		USSR	18 September 1968	flyby	success	bioscience experiments; returned to soft landing on Earth		1968-076A
Zond 6		USSR	14 November 1968	flyby	success	cosmic-ray, micrometeoroid and bioscience studies; returned to soft landing on Earth		1968-101A
Zond 1969A †		USSR	20 January 1969	flyby	failure	launch aborted
Luna 1969A †		USSR	19 February 1969	lander	failure	launch vehicle failure
	Lunokhod 201†			rover	failure
Zond L1S-1 †		USSR	21 February 1969	orbiter	failure	launch vehicle failure
Luna 1969B †		USSR	15 April 1969	sample return?	failure	launch failure
Luna 1969C †		USSR	14 June 1969	sample return	failure	launch failure
Zond L1S-2 †		USSR	3 July 1969	orbiter	failure	launch failure
Luna 15		USSR	21 July 1969	sample return?	failure?	completed 52 lunar orbits then crash-landed		1969-058A
Zond 7		USSR	11 August 1969	flyby	success	returned to soft landing on Earth		1969-067A
Cosmos 300		USSR	23 September 1969	sample return	failure	failed to escape Earth orbit		1969-080A
Cosmos 305		USSR	22 October 1969	sample return	failure	failed to escape Earth orbit		1969-092A
Luna 1970A †		USSR	6 February 1970	sample return?	failure	launch vehicle failure
Luna 1970B†		USSR	19 February 1970	orbiter?	failure	launch vehicle failure
Luna 16		USSR	20 September 1970	sample return	success	first robotic sample return		1970-072A
Zond 8		USSR	24 October 1970	flyby	success	returned to soft landing on Earth		1970-088A
Luna 17		USSR	17 November 1970 – 4 October 1971	lander	success	deployed rover		1970-095A
	Lunokhod 1			rover	success	first robotic rover; travelled over 10 km		1970-095D

1971–1976

Spacecraft		Organization	Date	Type	Status	Notes	Image	Ref
Luna 18		USSR	11 September 1971	lander/sample return?	failure	crashed into Moon		1971-073A
Luna 19		USSR	3 October 1971 – October 1972	orbiter	success			1971-082A
Luna 20		USSR	21 February 1972	sample return	success	second successful robotic sample return		1972-007A
Soyuz L3 †		USSR	23 November 1972	orbiter	failure	launch failure
Luna 21		USSR	15 January 1973 – May 1973?	lander	success	deployed rover		1973-001A
	Lunokhod 2			rover	success	second robotic rover; travelled 37 km
Explorer 49		NASA	15 June 1973 – June 1975	orbiter	success	radio astronomy observations; last US lunar mission until 1994		1973-039A
Mariner 10		NASA	November 1973	flyby	success	en route to Venus and Mercury		1973-085A
Luna 22		USSR	2 June 1974 – November 1974	orbiter	success			1974-037A
Luna 23		USSR	6 November 1974	sample return	failure	damaged on landing, sample return failed		1974-084A
Luna 1975A †		USSR	16 October 1975	sample return	failure	failed to reach Earth orbit
Luna 24		USSR	18 August 1976	sample return	success	third and final successful sample return in Luna programme		1976-081A

1983–1998

Spacecraft		Organization	Date	Type	Status	Notes	Image	Ref
ICE (formerly ISEE-3)		NASA	22 December 1983	flyby	success	gravity assist en route to comet flybys		1978-079A
Hiten		ISAS	March 1990 – October 1991	flyby (approached 10 times)	success	in Moon-crossing Earth orbit from January 1990, later transferred to lunar orbit after failure of Hagoromo; intentionally impacted on Moon at end of mission; first Japanese probe (and non-USSR/US probe) to enter lunar orbit		1990-007A
			February 1992 – April 1993	orbiter	success
	Hagoromo	ISAS	March 1990	orbiter	failure	released by Hiten into lunar orbit, but transmitter failed and orbit never confirmed
GEOTAIL		ISAS / NASA	September 1992 – November 1994	flyby (approached 14 times)	success	gravity assist en route magnetotail around L2 / finally deployed into high Earth orbit
WIND		NASA	1 December 1994 and 27 December 1994	flyby	success	gravity assists en route to Earth–Sun L1 Lagrangian point		1994-071A
Clementine		BMDO/ NASA	February – June 1994	orbiter	partial success	lunar and Earth observations and component testing; planned Geographos flyby failed		1994-004A
HGS-1		Hughes Global Services	May/June 1998	Flyby (orbital correction)		errant communications satellite, flew within 6,200 kilometers of Moon during orbit correction manoeuvres		1997-086A
Lunar Prospector		NASA	January 1998 – July 1999	orbiter	success	lunar surface mapping; intentionally impacted into polar crater at end of mission to test for liberation of water vapour (not detected)		1998-001A
Nozomi		ISAS	24 September 1998	flyby	success	gravity assists on planned mission to Mars		1998-041A
			18 December 1998	flyby	success

2001–2009

Spacecraft		Organization	Date	Type	Status	Notes	Image	Ref
WMAP		NASA	30 July 2001	flyby	success	gravity assist en route to Earth–Sun L2 Lagrangian point		2001-027A
SMART-1		ESA	13 November 2004 – 3 September 2006	orbiter	success	technology testbed and lunar geological studies; intentionally impacted at end of mission; first European probe to orbit the Moon		2003-043C
STEREO A		NASA	15 December 2006	flyby	success	gravity assist to enter a heliocentric orbit		2006-047A
STEREO B		NASA	15 December 2006 and 21 January 2007	flyby	success	gravity assists to enter a heliocentric orbit		2006-047B
SELENE (Kaguya)		JAXA	3 October 2007 – 10 June 2009	orbiter	success	mineralogical, geographical, magnetic and gravitational observations		2007-039A
	Okina (Relay Star)		9 October 2007 – 12 February 2009	Kaguya subsatellite	success	relay for Kaguya's Far Side operations
	Ouna (VRAD)		12 October 2007 – 29 June 2009	Kaguya subsatellite	success (still in orbit)	Very Long Baseline Interferometry
Chang'e 1		CNSA	5 November 2007 – 1 March 2009	orbiter	success	3D lunar mapping and geological observations; first Chinese probe to orbit a body besides Earth; impacted to collect data in preparation for future soft landings		2007-051A
Chandrayaan-1		ISRO	8 November 2008 – 29 August 2009	orbiter	success	high resolution 3D mapping, search water in polar region (first detection of water) and spectral analysis of the Moon's surface and inner compositions [1]		2008-052A Archived 2014-04-12 at the Wayback Machine
	Moon Impact Probe (MIP)	ISRO	14 November 2008	impactor	success	test and demonstrate targeting technologies for future soft landings, scientific observation from close range
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter		NASA	23 June 2009 –	orbiter	in orbit	survey of lunar resources and identification of possible landing sites		2009-031A
LCROSS		NASA	23 June 2009	flyby	success	consisted of the Shepherding Spacecraft and Centaur upper stage (Earth Departure Upper Stage)		2009-031B
	LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft		9 October 2009	impactor	success	analyzed upper-stage impact plume for traces of water liberated from the Moon's surface
	LCROSS Earth Departure Upper Stage		9 October 2009	impactor	success

2010–2019

Spacecraft		Organization	Date	Type	Status	Notes	Image	Ref
Chang'e 2		CNSA	1 October 2010 – 27 August 2011	orbiter	success	capture high resolution images of the landing zone for Chang'e 3, measure and analyze composition of the surface. Then sent to L2 and on to an asteroid flyby.		2010-050A
ARTEMIS P1		NASA	2 July 2011 –	orbiter	in orbit	to study the effect of the solar wind on the lunar surface		2007-004B
ARTEMIS P2		NASA	17 July 2011 –	orbiter	in orbit	to study the effect of the solar wind on the lunar surface		2007-004C
GRAIL A (Ebb)		NASA	31 December 2011 – 17 December 2012	orbiter	success	mapped the Moon's gravitational field; intentionally impacted at end of mission		2011-046A
GRAIL B (Flow)		NASA	1 January 2012 – 12 December 2012	orbiter	success	mapped the Moon's gravitational field; intentionally impacted at end of mission		2011-046B
LADEE		NASA	6 September 2013 – 8 April 2014	orbiter	success	designed to study the lunar exosphere and dust. Intentionally impacted on far side of Moon.		2013-047A
Chang'e 3		CNSA	1 December 2013 -	lander	in progress	soft-landed on the Moon and deployed Yutu rover on 14 December 2013; one functioning instrument as of 1 September 2020		2013-070A
	Yutu	CNSA	1 December 2013 – 2016?	rover	success	survived multiple lunar nights, became immobile 42 days after landing		2013-070C
Chang'e 5-T1		CNSA	28 October 2014	flyby	success	Technology demonstrator for Chang'e 5 mission; after separating the Xiaofei reentry capsule, the service module eventually entered lunar orbit to conduct rendezvous exercises		2014-065A
			10 January 2015 –	orbiter	in progress
	Manfred Memorial Moon Mission	Luxspace	October 2014	flyby/impactor (post mission)	success	privately funded payload attached to a Long March 3C rocket third stage; its dosimeter measured ionizing radiation in space. Unintentional Impact on 4 March 2022.
TESS		NASA	17 May 2018	flyby	success	gravity assist to achieve a lunar resonant high Earth orbit		2018-038A
Queqiao		CNSA	25 May 2018	flyby	success	Used a gravity assist en route to the Earth–Moon L2 Lagrangian point. Currently serving as relay for Chang'e 4 lander and rover on the far side.		2018-045A
Longjiang-1		HIT	25 May 2018	orbiter	failure	malfunctioned after launch, became flyby		2018-045B
Longjiang-2		HIT	25 May 2018 – 31 July 2019	orbiter	success	Very Long Baseline Interferometry, in orbit until 31 July 2019 when it was deliberately directed to crash onto the Moon.		2018-045C
Chang'e 4		CNSA	7 December 2018 –	lander	in progress	First spacecraft to soft land on the far side of the Moon.		2018-103A
	Yutu-2			rover	active
Beresheet		SpaceIL	22 February 2019 – 11 April 2019	lander	failure	First Israeli and privately funded lunar lander. Entered lunar orbit on 4 April, hard-landed on 11 April 2019.		2019-009B
Chandrayaan-2		ISRO	22 July 2019 –	orbiter	in orbit	observe lunar geography and mineralogy, search for water molecules		2019-042A
	Vikram	ISRO	6 September 2019	lander	failure	crashed due to a software glitch [2]
	Pragyan	ISRO	7 September 2019	rover	not deployed	was to be deployed from Vikram

2020–present

Spacecraft		Organization	Date	Type	Status	Notes	Image	Ref
Chang'e 5		CNSA	16 December 2020	sample return	success	Retrieved 1.731 kg of lunar sample and returned it to Earth		2020-087A [3]
	Chang'e 5 Lander	CNSA	30 November 2020 - 11 December 2020		success	Obtained lunar sample and placed on ascent vehicle; conducted radar studies of underground structure
	Chang'e 5 Ascender	CNSA	3 December 2020 - 7 December 2020		success	Transferred lunar sample onto return capsule via lunar-orbit rendezvous; intentionally deorbited
	Chang'e 5 Orbiter	CNSA	9 September 2021	flyby	success	Extended mission following separation of Chang'e 5 Returner; returned from Sun-Earth L1 [4] to conduct lunar flyby [5]
	Chang'e 5 Orbiter	CNSA	Late 2021 -	orbiter	in orbit	First spacecraft to utilize Distant Retrograde Orbit (DRO) about Earth-Moon L1 and L2
CAPSTONE		NASA	14 November 2022 [6]	orbiter [7] [8]	in orbit	Lunar orbiting CubeSat that will test and verify the calculated orbital stability planned for the Gateway space station.		CAPSTONE
Artemis 1 Orion MPCV CM-002		NASA	21 November 2022	flyby	success	Uncrewed test of the Orion spacecraft in lunar flyby and DRO orbit.		ARTEMIS-1 [9]
			25 November 2022	orbiter	success
			5 December 2022	flyby	success
LunaH-Map		NASA	21 November 2022 (flyby)	orbiter	failure	intended to perform engine burn to achieve a lunar orbit to search for evidence of lunar water ice inside permanently shadowed craters using its neutron detector. Orbit insertion failed possibly due to a struck valve. The mission was terminated after six month in solar orbit.		LUNAH-MAP [10] [11]
Lunar IceCube		NASA	21 November 2022 (flyby)	orbiter	failure	intended to perform engine burn to achieve a lunar orbit to use its infrared spectrometer to detect water and organic compounds in the lunar surface and exosphere.		L-ICECUBE
EQUULEUS		JAXA	21 November 2022	flyby	success	image the Earth's plasmasphere, impact craters on the Moon's far side and L2 experiments.		EQUULEUS
LunIR		Lockheed Martin	21 November 2022	flyby	failure	image surface thermography, failed to observe the Moon due to faulty communication		LUNIR [12]
NEA Scout		NASA	21 November 2022	flyby	failure	Solar sail intended to flyby a near-Earth asteroid. Communication failure.		NEA-SCOUT
ArgoMoon		ASI	21 November 2022	flyby	success	image the ICPS and perform deep space Nanotechnology experiments.		ARGOMOON
OMOTENASHI solid motor and orbiting module		JAXA	21 November 2022 (flyby)	impactor	failure	intentional impact after separation from surface probe. Prepares the trajectory for landing of surface probe. Communication failure, missed target		OMOTENASH
	OMOTENASHI surface probe	JAXA		semi-hard lander	failure	inflatable module attempting to land semi-hard at lunar surface. Communication failure, missed target
CuSP		NASA	21 November 2022	flyby	failure	mission to study particles and magnetic fields. Did lunar flyby due to launch trajectory.		CUSP
BioSentinel		NASA	21 November 2022	flyby	success	it contains yeast cards that will be rehydrated in space, designed to detect, measure, and compare the effects of deep space radiation.		BIOSENTNL
Team Miles		Fluid & Reason	21 November 2022	flyby	failure	demonstrate low-thrust plasma propulsion in deep space.		TEAMMILES
Danuri (Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter)		KARI / NASA	16 December 2022 [13]	orbiter	in orbit	Lunar Orbiter by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) of South Korea. The orbiter, its science payload and ground control infrastructure are technology demonstrators. The orbiter will also be tasked with surveying lunar resources such as water ice, uranium, helium-3, silicon, and aluminium, and produce a topographic map to help select future lunar landing sites.		KPLO
Hakuto-R Mission 1		ispace	April 2023	lander	failure [14]	Lunar lander technology demonstration.		HAKUTO-R1
	Rashid	UAESA/MBRSC	April 2023	rover	failure	Lunar rover, part of the Emirates Lunar Mission.
	SORA-Q	JAXA/Tomy/Doshisha University	April 2023	rover	failure	Lunar rover technology demonstration.
Lunar Flashlight		NASA	11 December 2022 (launch)	orbiter	failure [15] [16]	was to enter a near-rectilinear halo orbit; couldn't leave Earth orbit due to propulsion failures.		L-FLASHLT
JUICE		ESA	14 April 2023 (launch)	flyby	success	gravity assist in August 2024 en route to Jupiter.		[17]
Chandrayaan-3		ISRO	14 July 2023 (launch) 5 August 2023 (orbit insertion)	orbiter	success	bring the lander from Earth parking orbit to pre-landing 100 km (62 mi) lunar orbit and study the spectral and polarimetric measurements of Earth from the lunar orbit. The spacecraft entered lunar orbit on 5 August, and India became the first country to touch down near the lunar south pole, at 69°S, the southernmost lunar landing  on 23 August 2023 at 18:03 IST (12:33 UTC).		CHANDRYN3
	Vikram	ISRO	23 August 2023	lander	success	primary objective is to redo Chandrayaan-2 landing which had failed. In-site observation & conducting experiments on the materials available on the lunar surface to better understand composition of the Moon.
	Pragyan	ISRO	23 August 2023	rover	success	stowed inside lander. Demonstrating the rover’s loitering capabilities on the Moon. In-site observation and conducting experiments on the materials available on the lunar surface to better understand composition of the Moon.
	Chandrayaan-3 Propulsion Module	ISRO	Between 13 October and 10 November 2023	4 flybys	success	Extended mission following lunar orbit operations to returning to Earth orbit
Luna 25		Roscosmos	10 August 2023	lander	failure [18]	Launched 10 August 2023, orbit insertion 16 August 2023, crashed on lunar surface on 19 August 2023 following an anomalous orbital lowering maneuver.		LUNA-25
SLIM		JAXA	19 January 2024	gravity assist/lander	success [19]	Successfully demonstrated precision landing by landing within 100 m (330 ft) of its target spot. [20] [21] Its solar cells were initially not generating electricity due to wrong attitude [22] but in ten days the Sun moved enough to temporarily provide power to the spacecraft. [23]		SLIM
	LEV-1	JAXA	19 January 2024	rover	success	Lunar rover with a hopping mechanism. Conducted six hops on lunar surface. [24]
	LEV-2 (SORA-Q)	JAXA/Tomy/Doshisha University	19 January 2024	rover	success	Lunar rover, reflight of the SORA-Q rover launched with the failed Hakuto-R Mission 1. Imaged SLIM lander on lunar surface. [25]
Peregrine		Astrobotic Technology	8 January 2024 (launch)	lander	failure	Lunar lander selected for NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services carrying a total of 25 payloads. Landing abandoned due to excessive propellant leak. [26]		PEREGRN-1
	Colmena × 5	UNAM	8 January 2024 (launch)	rover	failure	Five small robots that will be catapulted onto the lunar surface. Mission phased out along with landing of Peregrine lander due to excessive propellant leak. [27]
	Iris	CMU	8 January 2024 (launch)	rover	failure	Lunar rover, will test small, lightweight rover mobility on the Moon, and collect scientific images for geological sciences. Mission phased out along with landing of Peregrine lander due to excessive propellant leak. [28]
IM-1 Odysseus		Intuitive Machines	22 February 2024	lander	success	Lunar lander selected for NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services carrying a total of 6 payloads.		IM-1-NOVA
	EagleCam	Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University	28 February 2024	semi-hard lander	failure	Deployable camera designed to attempt to capture the first third-person images of a lunar landing. Ejected post landing due to technical issues, failed to return images. [29]
DRO-A		CAS	13 March 2024 (launch)	orbiter	in orbit	YZ-1S upper stage failed to deliver spacecrafts into correct orbit. The satellites were intended to test Distant retrograde orbit. [30] Tracking data appears to show China is attempting to salvage spacecraft and they appear to have succeeded in reaching their desired orbit. [31] [32]		2024-048A
DRO-B				orbiter	in orbit
Queqiao-2		CNSA	24 March 2024	orbiter	in orbit	Lunar far side relay satellite.		QUEQIAO-2
	Tiandu-1	Deep Space Exploration Laboratory		orbiter	in orbit	will test communications for future lunar satellite constellation technologies.
	Tiandu-2			orbiter	in orbit
Chang'e 6		CNSA	3 May 2024	sample return	operational [33]	First sample-return from the South Pole–Aitken basin on the far side of the Moon. [34] [35]		CHANG-E-6 [33] [36]
	Chang'e 6 Lander	CNSA	1 June 2024 -		success	Obtained lunar sample and placed on ascent vehicle; conducted radar studies of underground structure
	Chang'e 6 Ascender	CNSA	3 June 2024 - 7 June 2024		success	Transferred lunar sample to return capsule on 6 June 2024 after lunar-orbit rendezvous; deorbited [36]
	Jinchan rover	CNSA	3 May 2024		success	Conduct infrared spectroscopy of lunar surface and imaged Chang'e 6 lander on lunar surface. [37]
	Chang'e 6 Orbiter	CNSA	8 May 2024 - 20 June 2024	orbiter	success	On extended mission orbiting Sun-Earth L2 [38]
	ICUBE-Q	SUPARCO	3 May 2024	orbiter	operational	Pakistan's first lunar mission.
Blue Ghost M1		Firefly Aerospace	15 January 2025 (launch) 2 March 2025 (landing)	lander	full success	Lunar lander technology demonstration. Part of NASA's CLPS contract. [39] First ever soft landing by a private company. First successful American lunar lander after over 52 years, [40] the last being Apollo 17. Completed all objectives after landing in Mare Crisium on March 2, [41] [42] including deep-surface drilling [43] and fortuitous observation of lunar eclipse from lunar nearside, [44] , having operated for 346 continuous hours. Mission ended on March 16 upon passing into lunar night, and probe powered down. [41] The landing was live-streamed from command center. [45] First ever video of lunar final descent sequence and landing. [46] First fully successful CLPS contract. [39]		BLUEGHOST
Hakuto-R Mission 2		ispace	15 January 2025 (launch)	lander	enroute	Lunar lander technology demonstration.		RESILIENC
	Tenacious Rover	Ispace Europe	May-June 2024	rover	enroute	Lunar rover to collect lunar resources.
IM-2 Athena		Intuitive Machines	27 February 2025 (launch) 6 March 2025 (landing)	lander	partial success	Lunar lander contracted under NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services and carrying various scientific payloads. Probe suffered laser altimeter failure 3 minutes prior to south polar touchdown, leading to descent stage continuing to fire after landing. [47] Slid sideways and toppled into a shadowed crater. Mission terminated due to insufficient solar power on March 7, after 13 hours of much limited operations. [48] [49] This is the second (partially successful) lunar landing by Intuitive Machines.		2025-038A
	Micro-Nova hopper			hopper	failure	Lunar hopper, exploring multiple difficult-to-reach areas such as deep craters on the lunar surface, by firing hydrazine rockets in controlled bursts to propel itself short distances. It will hop across craters in search of lunar ice, which could contain water critical to future crewed missions to the Moon.
	AstroAnt rover	MIT		rover	failure	Lunar miniature rover, the size of a matchbox, to conduct contactless temperature measurements as it drives around on MAPP's roof.
	MAPP LV1 rover	Lunar Outpost / Nokia		rover	failure	Lunar rover to collect lunar samples for NASA under a contract worth just $1, which is symbolic of a new incentive for the emerging commercial space industry to access resources in space. It will also autonomously map the lunar surface, capture stereo images and thermal data, and inspect samples of lunar regolith in a special bin mounted on its wheels.
	Yaoki rover	Dymon  [ ja ]		rover	failure	Lunar rover to test mobility technologies.
Lunar Trailblazer		NASA	3 March 2025 (flyby)	orbiter	failure	Intended to achieve a lunar orbit to aid in the understanding of lunar water and the Moon's water cycle. [50]		2025-038C
Brokkr-2		AstroForge	3 March 2025	flyby	failure	Asteroid probe intended to flyby the near-Earth asteroid 2022 OB5. Communication failure.		2025-038D
Chimera-1		Epic Aerospace	3 March 2025	flyby	failure?	Space tug planed TLI to Geosynchronous. Communication failure?		2025-038B

Future

Main article: List of missions to the Moon § Future missions

See also

• Solar System portal

• Lists of spacecraft
• List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies
• List of missions to the Moon
• List of Solar System probes
• Robotic spacecraft
• Timeline of Solar System exploration

Notes

1. "Chandrayaan-1 - ISRO". www.isro.gov.in. Archived from the original on 2019-07-08. Retrieved 2022-07-15.
2. How did Chandrayaan 2 fail? ISRO finally has the answer. Mahesh Guptan, The Week. 16 November 2019.
3. "A Chinese spacecraft is testing out a new orbit around the moon". SpaceNews. 2022-02-15. Retrieved 2022-02-16.
4. "Chang'e-5 orbiter embarks on extended mission to Sun-Earth Lagrange point". SpaceNews. 2020-12-21. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
5. "China's Chang'e-5 orbiter is heading back to the moon". SpaceNews. 2021-09-06. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
6. Figliozzi, Gianine (8 June 2022). "CAPSTONE Mission Launch No Longer Targeting June 13". NASA . Retrieved 9 June 2022.
7. "NASA Funds CubeSat Pathfinder Mission to Unique Lunar Orbit". NASA (Press release). 13 September 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
8. "Rocket Lab to Launch NASA Funded Commercial Moon Mission from New Zealand". Rocket Lab . 9 August 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2021.
9. Wall, Mike (November 21, 2022). "NASA's Artemis 1 Orion spacecraft aces close moon flyby in crucial engine burn". Space.com. Retrieved November 22, 2022.
10. Wall, Mike (November 23, 2022). "Artemis 1 cubesat fails to fire engine as planned during moon flyby". Space.com. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
11. "LunaH-Map Mission". 3 August 2023.
12. Lockheed Martin Space [@LMSpace] (9 December 2022). "As a @LockheedMartin funded tech demo mission, LunIR's primary goal was to gain knowledge to support future exploration. While we ran into an unexpected issue with our radio signal and couldn't snap any pics of the Moon, we DID try something new, and here's what we learned" (Tweet). Retrieved 21 December 2022– via Twitter.
13. S.Korean Spaceflight [@KOR_Spaceflight] (28 July 2022). "Danuri(KPLO) launch now scheduled for August 5th 08:08 KST, according to MSIT/KARI" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
14. Komiya, Kantaro; Roulette, Joey (25 April 2023). "Japan's ispace assumes failure in bid to make first commercial moon landing". Reuters– via www.reuters.com.
15. "NASA ends Lunar Flashlight mission because of thruster problems". 15 May 2023.
16. Howell, Elizabeth (February 9, 2023). "Tiny NASA moon probe can't reach lunar orbit as planned". Space.com. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
17. "JUICE – JUpiter ICy moons Explorer". European Space Agency . Retrieved 27 August 2016.
18. Zak, Anatoly (19 August 2023). "Luna-Glob mission lifts off". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
19. Jones, Andrew (19 January 2024). "Japan makes history with tense, successful moon landing". SpaceNews. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
20. Jones, Andrew (2024-01-22). "Japan's moon lander forced to power down but may yet be revived". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2024-01-25.
21. "SLIM Project Press Kit" (PDF). JAXA.
22. 小型月着陸実証機（SLIM）および小型プローブ（LEV）の月面着陸の結果・成果等 の記者会見 , retrieved 2024-01-25
23. Jones, Andrew (29 January 2024). "SLIM moon lander revived after solar power setback". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2024-02-06.
24. 小型月着陸実証機（SLIM）および小型プローブ（LEV）の月面着陸の結果・成果等 の記者会見 , retrieved 2024-01-25
25. 小型月着陸実証機（SLIM）および小型プローブ（LEV）の月面着陸の結果・成果等 の記者会見 , retrieved 2024-01-25
26. Fisher, Jackie Wattles, Kristin (2024-01-08). "Peregrine mission abandons Moon landing attempt after suffering 'critical' fuel loss". CNN. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
27. Fisher, Jackie Wattles, Kristin (2024-01-08). "Peregrine mission abandons Moon landing attempt after suffering 'critical' fuel loss". CNN. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
28. Fisher, Jackie Wattles, Kristin (2024-01-08). "Peregrine mission abandons Moon landing attempt after suffering 'critical' fuel loss". CNN. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
29. "2/3 mission plans and procedures in order to deploy its CubeSat camera system. Despite the team's strong effort, the technical complications ultimately resulted in an inability to capture images of the Odysseus lander".
30. Jones, Andrew (2024-03-14). "Surprise Chinese lunar mission hit by launch anomaly". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
31. Jones, Andrew (2024-08-20). "Chinese spacecraft appear to reach lunar orbit despite launch setback". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2024-08-20.
32. Jones, Andrew (2024-03-28). "China appears to be trying to save stricken spacecraft from lunar limbo". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2024-03-29.
33. "嫦娥六号探测器成功实施近月制动顺利进入环月轨道飞行" (in Simplified Chinese). 中国新闻网. 2024-05-08. Retrieved 2024-05-08.
34. "China's Moon Missions Shadow NASA Artemis's Pace - IEEE Spectrum". IEEE .
35. Jones, Andrew (10 January 2024). "China's Chang'e-6 probe arrives at spaceport for first-ever lunar far side sample mission". SpaceNews . Retrieved 10 January 2024.
36. Jones, Andrew (6 June 2024). "Chang'e-6 spacecraft dock in lunar orbit ahead of journey back to Earth". SpaceNews . Retrieved 6 June 2024.
37. Jones, Andrew (6 May 2024). "China's Chang'e-6 is carrying a surprise rover to the moon". SpaceNews. Archived from the original on 8 May 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
38. Jones, Andrew (10 September 2024). "China's Chang'e-6 orbiter tunrs up at Sun-Earth Lagrange point after moon sampling mission". SpaceNews. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
39. "CLPS Providers - NASA" . Retrieved 2025-03-18.
40. "Firefly CEO Bullish on Blue Ghost January Launch - SPACE & DEFENSE". 2024-12-18. Retrieved 2025-03-18.
41. Foust, Jeff (2025-03-17). "Firefly Aerospace wraps up successful Blue Ghost 1 mission". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2025-03-18.
42. "Blue Ghost Mission 1". Firefly Aerospace. Retrieved 2025-03-18.
43. published, Andrew Jones (2025-03-11). "Watch sparks fly as Blue Ghost lander drills into the moon (video)". Space.com. Retrieved 2025-03-18.
44. published, Mike Wall (2025-03-17). "Farewell, Blue Ghost! Private moon lander goes dark to end record-breaking commercial lunar mission". Space.com. Retrieved 2025-03-18.
45. Firefly Aerospace (2025-03-02). Firefly's Blue Ghost Mission 1 Lunar Landing . Retrieved 2025-03-18– via YouTube.
46. "NASA Cameras on Blue Ghost Capture First-of-its-Kind Moon Landing Footage - NASA". 2025-03-13. Retrieved 2025-03-18.
47. Intuitive Machines (2025-03-06). Intuitive Machines IM-2 Mission Landing Live Stream . Retrieved 2025-03-18– via YouTube.
48. Foust, Jeff (2025-03-07). "IM-2 lunar lander mission ends". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2025-03-18.
49. Berger, Eric (2025-03-13). "Athena landed in a dark crater where the temperature was minus 280° F". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2025-03-18.
50. "Intuitive Machines' IM-2 Lunar Lander Successfully Commissioned and En Route to the Moon". investors.intuitivemachines.com. 27 February 2025. Retrieved 27 February 2025.