Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes

Last updated

This timeline of artificial satellites and space probes includes uncrewed spacecraft including technology demonstrators, observatories, lunar probes, and interplanetary probes. First satellites from each country are included. Not included are most Earth science satellites, commercial satellites or crewed missions.

Contents

Timeline

1950s

Artificial satellites and space probes in the 1950s
YearDateOriginNameLaunch vehicleStatusDescriptionMass
1957October 4Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Sputnik 1 Sputnik-PS SuccessThe first human-made object to orbit Earth.83.6 kg (183.9 lb)
November 3Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Sputnik 2 Sputnik-PS SuccessThe first satellite to carry a living animal, a dog named Laika.508 kg (1,118 lb)
December 6Flag of the United States.svg US Vanguard 1A Vanguard TV-3 FailureThe first stage engine was improperly started, causing the vehicle to fall back to the launch pad immediately after launch and explode. [1] 1.36 kg (2.99 lb)
1958February 1Flag of the United States.svg US Explorer 1 Juno I SuccessThe first American satellite in space. [1] 13.91 kg (30.66 lb)
February 5Flag of the United States.svg US Vanguard 1B Vanguard TV-3BU FailureControl failure caused vehicle breakup at T+57 seconds as vehicle exceeded an angle of attack of 45° due to a control system malfunction. [1] 1.36 kg (2.99 lb)
March 5Flag of the United States.svg US Explorer 2 Juno I FailureFailed to orbit. Fourth stage did not ignite. [1] 14.52 kg (31.94 lb)
March 17Flag of the United States.svg US Vanguard 1C Vanguard TV-4 SuccessVanguard 1. Expected to de-orbit in ~2240AD, this and its upper launch stage are the oldest human-made objects in space. Also the first use of solar cells to power a satellite. [1] 1.47 kg (3.25 lb)
March 26Flag of the United States.svg US Explorer 3 Juno I SuccessAdded to data received by Explorer 1. [1] 14.1 kg (31.0 lb)
April 29Flag of the United States.svg US Vanguard 2A Vanguard TV-5 FailureSecond stage shutdown sequence not completed, preventing proper 3rd stage separation and firing. Did not reach orbit. [1] 9.98 kg (21.96 lb)
May 15Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Sputnik 3 Sputnik SuccessContained 12 instruments for a wide range of upper atmosphere tests.1,327 kg (2,926 lb)
May 28Flag of the United States.svg US Vanguard 2B Vanguard SLV-1 FailureThe first production model of the series. Nominal flight until a guidance error was encountered on second stage burnout. Did not reach orbit. [1] 9.98 kg (21.96 lb)
June 26Flag of the United States.svg US Vanguard 2C Vanguard SLV-2 FailurePremature second stage cutoff prevented third stage operation. Did not reach orbit. [1] 9.98 kg (21.96 lb)
July 26Flag of the United States.svg US Explorer 4 Juno I SuccessExpanded data set of previous Explorer missions and collected data from Argus high-altitude nuclear explosions. [1] 11.7 kg (25.8 lb)
August 17Flag of the United States.svg US Pioneer 0 Thor-Able 1 FailureFailed to orbit. First stage engine failure caused explosion at T+77 seconds.38 kg (84 lb)
August 24Flag of the United States.svg US Explorer 5 Juno I FailureOn-board instruments damaged on first stage separation. Failed to orbit. [1] 11.7 kg (25.8 lb)
September 26Flag of the United States.svg US Vanguard 2D Vanguard SLV-3 FailureSecond stage under-performed, lacking only ~76 m/s (~250 fps) required to achieve orbit. [1] 10.6 kg (23.3 lb)
October 11Flag of the United States.svg US Pioneer 1 Thor-Able 1 Partial successFirst spacecraft launched by NASA. Studied Earth's magnetic fields. Third stage provided insufficient thrust to reach the Moon, leaving it sub-orbital. [2] 38 kg (84 lb)
October 22Flag of the United States.svg US Beacon 1 Jupiter-C FailureA thin plastic sphere (12-feet in diameter) intended to study atmosphere density. [2] Payload dropped due to rotational vibrations. [1] 4.2 kg (9.2 lb)
November 8Flag of the United States.svg US Pioneer 2 Thor-Able 1 FailureBriefly provided further data on Earth's magnetic field. Third stage provided insufficient thrust to reach the vicinity of the Moon. [2] 38 kg (83 lb)
December 6Flag of the United States.svg US Pioneer 3 Juno II Partial successDid not reach the Moon as intended, but discovered a second radiation belt around Earth. [2] 5.9 kg (13.0 lb)
1959January 2Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Luna 1 Luna Partial successThe first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of the Moon, and the first spacecraft to be placed in heliocentric orbit.361 kg (794.2 lb)
January 21Flag of the United States.svg US Discoverer Zero Thor-Agena A FailureAccessory rockets ignited on pad during fueling. Part of Corona satellite development program. Upper stage consisted entirely of dummy components.618 kg (1362.5 lb)
February 17Flag of the United States.svg US Vanguard 2E Vanguard SLV-4 SuccessVanguard 2. Measured cloud cover. First attempted photo of Earth from a satellite; precession motion resulted in difficulty interpreting data (see first images of Earth from space). [2] 10.8 kg (23.7 lb)
February 28Flag of the United States.svg US Discoverer 1 Thor-Agena A SuccessReached orbit with an apogee of 605 miles and a perigee of 99 miles. [3] First spacecraft placed in polar orbit. Part of Corona satellite development program.618 kg (1362.5 lb)
March 3Flag of the United States.svg US Pioneer 4 Juno II SuccessPassed within 60,030 km (37,300 mi) of the Moon into a heliocentric orbit, returning excellent radiation data. [2] 6.1 kg (13.4 lb)
April 13Flag of the United States.svg US Vanguard 3A Vanguard SLV-5 FailureFailed to orbit. Second stage hydraulics failure led to loss of control, damaged at launch. Two spheres included as payload. [2] 10.3 kg (22.7 lb)
April 13Flag of the United States.svg US Discoverer 2 Thor-Agena A SuccessSuccessful orbit, first satellite to be stabilized in orbit in all 3 axes. Recovery capsule ejected early, landed near Spitzbergen and was not recovered. Part of Corona satellite development program.784 kg (1728 lb)
June 3Flag of the United States.svg US Discoverer 3 Thor-Agena A FailureFailed to reach orbit. Agena stage failed to produce thrust. Part of Corona satellite development program. Cover story was a biomedical study of 4 live mice onboard.843 kg (1858 lb)
June 22Flag of the United States.svg US Vanguard 3B Vanguard SLV-6 FailureFailed to orbit. Second stage exploded due to stuck helium vent valve. Intended to measure weather effects related to solar-Earth heating processes. [2] 10.3 kg (22.7 lb)
June 25Flag of the United States.svg US Discoverer 4 Thor-Agena A FailureFailed to reach orbit. Agena stage failed to produce thrust. Part of Corona satellite development program. First satellite to contain full Corona optics. Also known as Corona 9001.870 kg (1920 lb)
July 16Flag of the United States.svg US Explorer S-1 Juno II FailureDid not achieve orbit. Guidance system power malfunction. Destroyed by range safety officer at T+5.5s. [2] 41.5 kg (91.3 lb)
August 7Flag of the United States.svg US Explorer 6 Thor-Able 3 SuccessIncluded instruments to study particles and meteorology. [2] 64.4 kg (141.7 lb)
August 13Flag of the United States.svg US Discoverer 5 Thor-Agena A Partial successSuccessfully reached 193 kilometers (120 mi) x 353 kilometers (219 mi) polar orbit. Camera failed after first orbit. Recovery capsule boosted into higher orbit and was not recovered. Also known as Corona 9002870 kg (1920 lb)
August 14Flag of the United States.svg US Beacon 2 Juno II FailurePremature cutoff of first stage caused upper stage malfunction. [2] 4.5 kg (9.9 lb)
August 19Flag of the United States.svg US Discoverer 6 Thor-Agena A Partial successSuccessfully reached 212 kilometers (132 mi) x 848 kilometers (527 mi) polar orbit. Camera failed after second orbit. Recovery capsule was not recovered. Also known as Corona 9003870 kg (1920 lb)
September 12Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Luna 2 Luna SuccessThe first spacecraft to reach the surface of the Moon, and the first human-made object to land on another celestial body.390.2 kg (858.4 lb)
September 18Flag of the United States.svg US Vanguard 3 Vanguard TV-4BU SuccessIncorporated Allegany Ballistics Laboratory X248 A2 as third stage. [1] Solar-powered sphere measured radiation belts and micrometeorite impacts. [2] 22.7 kg (50.0 lb)
October 4Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Luna 3 Luna SuccessThe first mission to photograph the far side of the Moon.278.5 kg (614 lb)
October 13Flag of the United States.svg US Explorer 7 Juno II SuccessProvided data on energetic particles, radiation, and magnetic storms. Also recorded the first micrometeorite penetration of a sensor. [2] 41.5 kg (69.4 lb)
November 7Flag of the United States.svg US Discoverer 7 Thor-Agena A Partial successSuccessfully reached 159 kilometers (99 mi) x 847 kilometers (526 mi) polar orbit. Recovery capsule failed to separate. Also known as Corona 9004920 kg (2030 lb)
November 20Flag of the United States.svg US Discoverer 8 Thor-Agena A Partial successSuccessfully reached 187 kilometers (116 mi) x 1,679 kilometers (1,043 mi) polar orbit. Film broken during operation. Recovery capsule correctly separated and re-entered. Parachute failed to open and capsule was not recovered. Also known as Corona 9005.835 kg (1841 lb)
November 26Flag of the United States.svg US Pioneer P-3 Atlas-Able 20 FailureLunar orbiter probe; payload shroud failed at T+45 seconds, resulting in disintegration of upper stages and payload. [2] 168.7 kg (371.1 lb)

1960s

Artificial satellites and space probes in the 1960s
YearLaunch dateOriginNameLaunch vehicleTargetStatusDescription
1960March 11Flag of the United States.svg US Pioneer 5 Thor-Able SunSuccessSolar monitor. Measured magnetic field phenomena, solar flare particles, and ionization in the interplanetary region [4]
May 15Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Korabl-Sputnik 1 Vostok-L EarthSuccessFirst test flight of the Soviet Vostok programme, and the first Vostok spacecraft
April 1Flag of the United States.svg US TIROS-1 Thor-Able EarthSuccessTIROS-1 (or TIROS-A) was the first successful low-Earth orbital weather satellite, and the first of a series of Television Infrared Observation Satellites.
August 19Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Korabl-Sputnik 2 Vostok-L EarthSuccessFirst spaceflight to send animals into orbit and return them safely back to Earth
November 3Flag of the United States.svg US Explorer 8 Juno II EarthPartial successBattery power failed early, And data had to be processed by hand. In spite of this, new information about the ionosphere has been discovered
1961February 12Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Venera 1 Molniya 8K78 Venus Partial successFirst interplanetary flight, contact lost en route, before it performed the first flyby at another planet.
April 27Flag of the United States.svg US Explorer 11 Juno II EarthPartial successWas the first space-borne gamma-ray telescope. Limited Battery Power restricted the data collection to the ascension stage.
August 16Flag of the United States.svg US Explorer 12 (EPE-A) Thor-Delta A EarthPartial successThe spacecraft functioned well until 6 December 1961, when it ceased transmitting data apparently as a result of failures in the power system.
August 23Flag of the United States.svg US Ranger 1 Atlas-Agena MoonFailureRocket malfunction left the spacecraft stranded in low Earth orbit. [5]
November 18Flag of the United States.svg US Ranger 2 Atlas-Agena MoonFailureBooster rocket malfunction trapped spacecraft in low Earth orbit. [6]
1962January 26Flag of the United States.svg US Ranger 3 Atlas-Agena MoonFailureNASA's first attempt to land a spacecraft on the Moon. A series of malfunctions sent spacecraft hurtling past the Moon. [7]
April 23Flag of the United States.svg US Ranger 4 Atlas-Agena MoonPartial failureWas the first U.S. spacecraft to reach another celestial body. Failure in the onboard computer prevented it from carrying out its scientific objectives. First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon. [8] [9]
April 26Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK Ariel 1 Thor-Delta EarthSuccessFirst British satellite in space (on American rocket)
July 10Flag of the United States.svg US Telstar 1 Thor-Delta EarthSuccessCommunication satellite
July 22Flag of the United States.svg US Mariner 1 Atlas-Agena VenusFailureSoftware related guidance system failure, range safety officer ordered destroyed after 294.5 seconds after launch.
August 27Flag of the United States.svg US Mariner 2 Atlas-Agena VenusSuccessFirst spacecraft to visit another planet
September 29Canadian Red Ensign (1957-1965).svg Canada Alouette 1 Thor-Agena EarthSuccessFirst Canadian satellite (on American rocket), first satellite not constructed by the US or USSR
October 2Flag of the United States.svg US Explorer 14 (EPE-B) Thor-Delta A EarthSuccess NASA spacecraft instrumented to measure cosmic-ray particles, trapped particles, solar wind protons, and magnetospheric and interplanetary magnetic fields.
October 18Flag of the United States.svg US Ranger 5 Atlas-Agena MoonFailureMalfunction in the spacecraft's batteries caused them to drain after 8 hours, leaving it inoperable. [10]
1963February 14Flag of the United States.svg US Syncom 1 Delta B EarthFailureFailed to reach desired orbit - went silent seconds after apogee kick motor ignited.
July 26Flag of the United States.svg US Syncom 2 Delta B EarthSuccessFirst successful television broadcast through a geosynchronous satellite.
First pair - October 17Flag of the United States.svg US Vela 1A and Vela 1B Atlas-Agena EarthSuccessSeries of satellites to monitor compliance to the 1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty
1964February 2Flag of the United States.svg US Ranger 6 Atlas-Agena MoonSuccessLunar impactor. Successful impact but power failure resulted in no pictures.
March 27Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK Ariel 2 Scout X-3 EarthSuccessFirst Radio Astronomy Satellite (on American rocket)
July 31Flag of the United States.svg US Ranger 7 Atlas-Agena MoonSuccessLunar impactor. Returned pictures until impact.
November 28Flag of the United States.svg US Mariner 4 Atlas-Agena MarsSuccessFirst deep space photographs of another planet and first flyby of Mars
December 15Flag of Italy.svg Italy San Marco 1 Scout X-4 EarthSuccessFirst Italian satellite (on American rocket)
1965February 2Flag of the United States.svg US Ranger 8 Atlas-Agena MoonSuccessLunar impactor. Returned pictures until impact.
February 20Flag of the United States.svg US Ranger 9 Atlas-Agena MoonSuccessLunar impactor. Live TV broadcast until impact.
April 6Flag of the United States.svg US Intelsat I Delta D EarthSuccessFirst commercial communications satellite in orbit. Was operated off and on until 1990.
November 26Flag of France.svg France Asterix Diamant AEarthSuccessFirst French satellite. First orbital launch outside U.S. and Soviet Union.
November 29Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Alouette 2 Thor-Agena EarthSuccessResearch satellite designed to explore Earth's ionosphere
December 16Flag of the United States.svg US Pioneer 6 Delta E SunSuccessA series of solar-orbiting, spin-stabilized, solar-cell and battery-powered satellites designed to obtain measurements on a continuing basis of interplanetary phenomena from widely separated points in space. [11]
1966January 31Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Luna 9 Molniya M MoonSuccessFirst spacecraft to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, or any planetary body other than Earth, and to transmit photographic data to Earth from the surface of another planetary body.
February 17Flag of France.svg France Diapason Diamant AEarthSuccessEarth measurement by doppler radio measure
June 2Flag of the United States.svg US Surveyor 1 Atlas-Centaur MoonSuccessFirst US soft landing; Surveyor program performed various tests in support of forthcoming crewed landings. [12]
July 1Flag of the United States.svg US Explorer 33 Delta E1EarthPartial successWas intended to orbit the Moon but instead orbited the Earth. Explored solar winds, interplanetary plasma, and solar X-rays.
August 10Flag of the United States.svg US Lunar Orbiter 1 Atlas SLV-3 Agena-DMoonSuccessFirst US spacecraft to orbit the Moon. Designed to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface for selecting landing sites.
August 17Flag of the United States.svg US Pioneer 7 Delta E1SunSuccessA series of solar-orbiting, spin-stabilized, solar-cell and battery-powered satellites designed to obtain measurements on a continuing basis of interplanetary phenomena from widely separated points in space. [11]
September 20Flag of the United States.svg US Surveyor 2 Atlas LV-3C Centaur-DMoonFailureLunar Lander. A failure in one of its three thrusters caused it to lose control and crash into the Moon. [13]
November 6Flag of the United States.svg US Lunar Orbiter 2 Atlas SLV-3 Agena-DMoonSuccessDesigned to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface to identify landing sites.
1967January 11Flag of the United States.svg US Intelsat II F-2 Delta E EarthSuccessOperated for 2 years as a communications satellite. Was deactivated in 1969.
February 8Flag of France.svg France Diadème 1 Diamant AEarthSuccessOrbit slightly too low, considered a partial failure by the booster team. Earth measurement by doppler radio and laser ranging from the ground.
February 15Flag of France.svg France Diadème 2 Diamant AEarthSuccessEarth measurement by doppler radio and laser ranging from the ground.
April 17Flag of the United States.svg US Surveyor 3 Atlas LV-3C Centaur-DMoonSuccessSecond successful lunar surface lander. Conducted experiments to see how the lunar surface would fare against the weight of an Apollo lunar module. [14]
May 5Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK Ariel 3 Scout A EarthSuccessFirst entirely British built satellite
July 14Flag of the United States.svg US Surveyor 4 Atlas LV-3C Centaur-DMoonFailureDespite a perfect flight to the Moon, communications was lost 2.5 minutes prior to landing. NASA concluded the spacecraft may have exploded. [15]
September 8Flag of the United States.svg US Surveyor 5 Atlas SLV-3 Agena-DMoonSuccessLunar lander. First spacecraft to do a soil analysis of any world. Returned more than 20,000 photos. [16]
November 7Flag of the United States.svg US Surveyor 6 Atlas SLV-3 Agena-DMoonSuccessLunar lander. First spacecraft to be launched from the surface of the Moon. It lifted itself to a height of about 3 meters. [17]
November 29Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia WRESAT Sparta EarthSuccessFirst Australian satellite (on American rocket) launched from Woomera, Australia. Third nation to launch a satellite from its own soil.
December 13Flag of the United States.svg US Pioneer 8 Delta E1SunSuccessA series of solar-orbiting, spin-stabilized, solar-cell and battery-powered satellites designed to obtain measurements on a continuing basis of interplanetary phenomena from widely separated points in space. [11]
1968January 7Flag of the United States.svg US Surveyor 7 Atlas SLV-3 Agena-DMoonSuccessLunar lander. Only spacecraft in the series to land in the lunar highland region and had the most extensive set of instruments. [18]
November 8Flag of the United States.svg US Pioneer 9 Delta E1SunSuccessA series of solar-orbiting, spin-stabilized, solar-cell and battery-powered satellites designed to obtain measurements on a continuing basis of interplanetary phenomena from widely separated points in space. [11]
1969January 30Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada ISIS 1 Delta E1EarthSuccessInternational Satellites for Ionospheric Studies (ISIS)
February 25Flag of the United States.svg US Mariner 6 Atlas SLV-3D Agena-D1A MarsSuccessMars probe attempting to study the surface and atmosphere of Mars during close flybys to establish a basis for further investigations. [19]
March 27Flag of the United States.svg US Mariner 7 Atlas SLV-3D Agena-D1A MarsSuccessMars probe attempting to study the surface and atmosphere of Mars during close flybys to establish a basis for further investigations. [20]
November 8Flag of Germany.svg West Germany Azur / (GRS A) (German Research Satellite) Scout B S169C EarthSuccessThe scientific mission was to: scan the energy spectra of inner zone protons and electrons; measure the fluxes of electrons of energy greater than 40 keV that are parallel, anti-parallel, and perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force over the auroral zone, and measure associated optical emission; and record solar protons on alert. [21]

1970s

Artificial satellites and space probes in the 1970s
YearLaunch dateOriginNameTargetStatusDescription
1970Feburary 11Flag of Japan.svg Japan Ohsumi EarthSuccessFirst Japanese satellite. Japan became the fourth nation after the USSR, USA and France to successfully put an artificial satellite into orbit on its own.
March 10Flag of Germany.svg West Germany DIAL-WIKAEarthSuccessSecond German satellite. Launch by a French Diamant B from Kourou
April 24Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Dong Fang Hong I EarthSuccessFirst Chinese satellite
August 7Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Venera 7 VenusSuccessFirst successful landing of a spacecraft on another planet
September 2Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK Orba EarthFailureSecond stage of rocket shutdown 13 seconds early
September 12Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Luna 16 MoonSuccessLander is the first automated return of samples from the Moon
October 20 Zond 8 MoonSuccessFlyby
November 10 Luna 17/Lunokhod 1 MoonSuccessLander/rover is the first automated surface exploration of the Moon
December 12Flag of the United States.svg US Uhuru EarthSuccessFirst dedicated X-ray astronomy satellite
Flag of France.svg France PEOLEEarthSuccessFirst French communication satellite.
1971April 15Flag of France.svg France TournesolEarthSuccessFirst French satellite with active attitude control. Hydrogen measurement.
April 1Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada ISIS 2 EarthSuccess
May 9Flag of the United States.svg US Mariner 8 MarsFailureOrbiter. Lost due to launch failure.
May 10Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Cosmos 419 MarsFailureProbe
May 19 Mars 2 MarsFailureOrbiter and lander, created the first human artifact on Mars
May 28 Mars 3 MarsSuccessOrbiter and lander, first successful landing on Mars
May 30Flag of the United States.svg US Mariner 9 MarsSuccessOrbiter, first pictures of Mars' moons (Phobos and Deimos) taken
September 2Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Luna 18 MoonFailureLander
September 28 Luna 19 MoonSuccessOrbiter
Flag of Japan.svg Japan Shinsei EarthPartial successFirst Japanese science satellite
October 28Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK Prospero X-3 EarthSuccessSatellite, first satellite launched by Britain using a British rocket
December 5Flag of France.svg France PolaireEarthFailureSecond stage explosion
December 11Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK Ariel 4 EarthSuccess
1972Feburary 17Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Luna 20 MoonSuccessLander
March 3Flag of the United States.svg US Pioneer 10 JupiterSuccessFirst spacecraft to encounter Jupiter
March 27Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Venera 8 VenusSuccessLander
August 21Flag of the United States.svg US/Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK Copernicus – Orbiting Astronomical Observatory-3 EarthSuccess
1973January 8/11Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Luna 21/Lunokhod 2 MoonSuccessLander/rover
April 6Flag of the United States.svg US Pioneer 11 Jupiter/SaturnSuccessFirst spacecraft to encounter Saturn
May 21Flag of France.svg France Castor/PolluxEarthFailureReached orbit but the fairing failed to deploy, failing the launch
June 10Flag of the United States.svg US Explorer 49 SunSuccessSolar probe
July 21Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Mars 4 MarsFailureOrbiter
July 25 Mars 5 MarsSuccessOrbiter
August 5 Mars 6 MarsFailureOrbiter and lander
August 9 Mars 7 MarsFailureOrbiter and lander
November 3Flag of the United States.svg US Mariner 10 Venus/MercurySuccessIt passed by and photographed Mercury, also was the first dual planet probe
1974May 29Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Luna 22 MoonSuccessOrbiter
October 15Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK Ariel 5 EarthSuccessX-ray satellite
October 28Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Luna 23 MoonFailureProbe
December 10Flag of Germany.svg West Germany Helios 1 SunSuccessSolar probe
1975Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Venera 9 VenusSuccessReturns the first pictures of the surface of Venus
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Venera 10 VenusSuccessOrbiter and lander
Flag of France.svg France StarletteEarthSuccessLaser reflector for Earth-based measurement
Flag of France.svg France Castor PolluxEarthSuccessCastor tested a new accelerometer, Pollux tested hydrazine based thrusters
Flag of France.svg France AuraEarthSuccessFar-ultraviolet measurement of the Sun. Last launch of the Diamant rocket.
Flag of the United States.svg US Viking 1 MarsSuccessOrbiter and lander; lands on Mars 1976
Flag of the United States.svg US Viking 2 MarsSuccessOrbiter and lander; lands on Mars 1976
Flag of India.svg India Aryabhata EarthSuccessLaunched by USSR, the first Indian satellite
1976Flag of Germany.svg West Germany Helios 2 SunSuccessSolar probe
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Luna 24 MoonSuccessLander
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada/Flag of the United States.svg US/Flag of Europe.svg Europe Communications Technology Satellite EarthSuccessPrototype for testing direct broadcast satellite television on the Ku band
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands/Flag of the United States.svg US Astronomische Nederlandse Satelliet (ANS)EarthSuccessDiscovered X-ray bursts, first Dutch satellite (with US contributions) [22]
Flag of the United States.svg US Orbiting Solar Observatory SunSuccessX-ray satellite shows that X-ray bursts have blackbody spectra
Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia Palapa A1 EarthSuccessLaunched by US, The First Indonesian GEO Satellite for domestic Communication
1977Flag of the United States.svg US HEAO-1 EarthSuccessX-ray satellite
Flag of the United States.svg US Voyager 1 Voyager 2 JupiterSuccessSent back images of Jupiter and its system
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Kosmos 954 EarthSuccessReconnaissance satellites
1978Flag of the United States.svg US Pioneer Venus 1 VenusSuccessOrbiter
Flag of the United States.svg US Pioneer Venus 2 VenusSuccessAtmospheric probe
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Venera 11 VenusSuccessFlyby and lander
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Venera 12 VenusSuccessFlyby and lander
Flag of the United States.svg US/Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK/Flag of Europe.svg Europe International Ultraviolet Explorer EarthSuccess
Flag of the United States.svg US HEAO-2 EarthSuccessFirst X-ray photographs of astronomical objects
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia Magion 1EarthSuccessFirst satellite for Czechoslovakia
1979Flag of India.svg India Satellite Launch Vehicle FailureIndia's first rocket launched
Flag of Japan.svg Japan Hakucho EarthSuccessX-ray satellite
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK Ariel 6 EarthSuccessCosmic-ray and X-ray satellite
Flag of India.svg India RTP EarthFailureLaunched by ISRO. (Purpose was to monitor flight performance of SLV)
Flag of India.svg India Bhaskara-1 EarthSuccessLaunched by ISRO (First Indian low orbit Earth Observation Satellite)

1980s

Artificial satellites and space probes in the 1980s
YearOriginNameTargetStatusDescription
1980Flag of the United States.svg US Solar Maximum MissionSunFailure Solar Maximum Mission solar probe succeeded after being repaired in Earth orbit
1981Flag of India.svg India Bhaskara-2EarthSuccess Bhaskara-2 satellite; launched on Russian Kosmos-3M rocket for ISRO
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Venera 13VenusSuccess Venera 13 launched, it returned the first colour pictures of the surface of Venus
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Venera 14VenusSuccess Venera 14 flyby and lander
Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Bulgaria 1300 EarthSuccess Bulgaria 1300, polar research mission, was Bulgaria's first artificial satellite; launched by the Soviet Union
1983Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Venera 15VenusSuccess Venera 15 orbiter
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Venera 16VenusSuccess Venera 16 orbiter
Flag of Europe.svg Europe EXOSATEarthSuccessLaunch of the EXOSAT X-ray satellite
Flag of Japan.svg Japan TenmaEarthSuccessLaunch of the Tenma X-ray satellite (ASTRO-B)
Flag of the United States.svg US / Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands / Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK IRASEarthSuccessLaunch of the IRAS satellite
1984Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Vega 1Venus/Halley's CometSuccess Vega 1 flyby, atmospheric probe and lander
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Vega 2Venus/Halley's CometSuccess Vega 2 flyby, atmospheric probe and lander
1985Flag of Japan.svg Japan Sakigake Halley's CometSuccess Sakigake flyby, Japan's first interplanetary spacecraft
Flag of Japan.svg Japan Suisei Halley's CometSuccess Suisei flyby
Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Morelos IEarthSuccess Morelos I, the first Mexican satellite
1986Flag of Europe.svg Europe Giotto Halley's CometSuccess Giotto flyby
Flag of the United States.svg US Voyager 2 UranusSuccessVoyager 2 sent back images of Uranus and its system
1987Flag of Japan.svg Japan GingaEarthSuccessLaunch of the Ginga X-ray satellite (ASTRO-C)
1988Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Phobos 1 MarsFailure Phobos 1 orbiter and lander
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Phobos 2 MarsFailure Phobos 2 flyby and lander
Flag of Israel.svg Israel Ofeq 1 EarthSuccess Ofeq 1 first Israeli satellite, first satellite to be launched in retrograde orbit
1989Flag of the United States.svg US Magellan VenusSuccess Magellan orbiter launched which mapped 99 percent of the surface of Venus (300 m resolution)
Flag of the United States.svg US / Flag of Germany.svg West Germany Galileo Venus/Earth/Moon/Gaspra/Ida/JupiterSuccess Galileo flyby, orbiter and atmospheric probe
Flag of the United States.svg US Voyager 2 NeptuneSuccessVoyager 2 sent back images of Neptune and its system
Flag of Europe.svg Europe HipparcosEarthSuccessLaunch of the Hipparcos satellite
Flag of the United States.svg US COBEEarthSuccessLaunch of the COBE satellite
Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union GranatEarthSuccessLaunch of the Granat gamma-ray and X-ray satellite

1990s

Artificial satellites and space probes in the 1990s
YearOriginNameTargetStatusDescription
1990Flag of the United States.svg US/Flag of Europe.svg Europe UlyssesSunSuccess Ulysses solar flyby
Flag of Japan.svg Japan HitenMoonSuccess Hiten probe, this was the first non-United States or USSR probe to reach the Moon
Flag of the United States.svg US/Flag of Europe.svg Europe Hubble Space TelescopeEarthSuccessLaunch of the Hubble Space Telescope
Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Badr-1EarthSuccessLaunch of Badr-1 Pakistan 1st communication satellite
Flag of Germany.svg Germany ROSATEarthSuccessLaunch of the ROSAT X-ray satellite to conduct the first imaging X-ray sky survey
1991Flag of Japan.svg Japan YohkohSunSuccess Yohkoh solar probe
Flag of the United States.svg US Compton Gamma-Ray ObservatoryEarthSuccessLaunch of the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory satellite
1992Flag of the United States.svg US Mars ObserverMarsFailure Mars Observer orbiter
1993Flag of Japan.svg Japan ASCAEarthSuccessLaunch of the ASCA (ASTRO-D) X-ray satellite
Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil INPEEarthSuccessLaunch of the SCD-1, the oldest earth observation equipment still in operation.
1994Flag of the United States.svg US ClementineMoonSuccess Clementine orbiter mapped the surface of the Moon (resolution 125–150 m) and allowed the first accurate relief map of the Moon to be generated
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Türksat 1BEarthSuccess Türksat 1B, First Turkish communications satellite
1995Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Unamsat 1EarthFailure Unamsat 1, First UNAM built orbiter
Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Sich-1EarthSuccess Sich-1 launched, first Ukrainian-built satellite
Flag of Europe.svg Europe ISOEarthSuccessLaunch of the Infrared Space Observatory
Flag of Europe.svg Europe/Flag of the United States.svg US SOHOSunSuccess SOHO solar probe
1996Flag of the United States.svg US NEAR Shoemaker433 ErosSuccess NEAR Shoemaker asteroid flybys/orbiter/lander
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Türksat 1CEarthSuccess Türksat 1C, Second Turkish communications satellite
Flag of the United States.svg US Mars Global SurveyorMarsSuccess Mars Global Surveyor orbiter
Flag of the United States.svg US Mars PathfinderMarsSuccess Mars Pathfinder, the first automated surface exploration of another planet
Flag of Russia.svg Russia Mars 96MarsFailure Mars 96 orbiter and lander
Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina SAC-BEarthFailure Sac-B Orbiter
1997Flag of the United States.svg US/Flag of Europe.svg Europe Cassini-HuygensSaturn and TitanSuccess Cassini-Huygens arrived in orbit on July 1, 2004, landed on Titan January 14, 2005
Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Nahuel 1AEarthSuccess Nahuel 1A First Argentine satellite - geostationary communications satellites
1998Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1EarthUn­knownClaimed launch of Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1 by North Korea though no independent source was able to verify its existence
Flag of the United States.svg US Lunar ProspectorMoonSuccess Lunar Prospector orbiter
Flag of Japan.svg Japan NozomiMarsFailure Nozomi (Planet B) orbiter, the first Japanese spacecraft to reach another planet
Flag of the United States.svg US Mars Climate OrbiterMarsFailure Mars Climate Orbiter
Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina / Flag of the United States.svg US SAC-AEarthSuccess Sac-A Orbiter
1999Flag of the United States.svg US Mars Polar LanderMarsFailure Mars Polar Lander
Flag of the United States.svg US Deep Space 2MarsFailure Deep Space 2 (DS2) penetrators
Flag of the United States.svg US ChandraEarthSuccessLaunch of the Chandra X-ray Observatory
Flag of Europe.svg Europe XMM-NewtonEarthSuccessLaunch of the X-Ray Multi-Mirror Mission, XMM-Newton

2000s

Artificial satellites and space probes in 2000's
YearOriginNameTargetStatusDescription
2000Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK SNAP-1EarthSuccess SNAP-1 robotic camera enabling images to be sent to other spacecraft orbiting the Earth
Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina SAC-CEarthSuccess SAC-C Orbiter
2001Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Türksat 2AEarthSuccess Türksat 2A, third Turkish communications satellite
Flag of the United States.svg US GenesisSunPartial success Genesis solar wind sample crash-landed on return
Flag of the United States.svg US WMAPEarthSuccess Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) performs cosmological observations.
Flag of the United States.svg US Mars OdysseyMarsSuccess Mars Odyssey
Flag of Europe.svg Europe PROBA-1EarthSuccess PROBA-1 Small satellite to observe the Earth (first Belgian Satellite)
2003Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada MOSTEarthSuccess MOST the smallest space telescope in orbit.
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey BİLSATEarthSuccess BİLSAT, Turkey's first earth observation satellite
2002Flag of the United States.svg US CONTOUR Comet Encke Failure CONTOUR launched, but lost during early trajectory insertion.
Flag of Europe.svg Europe/Flag of Russia.svg Russia/Flag of the United States.svg US INTEGRALEarthSuccessLaunch of the INTEGRAL gamma-ray satellite.
2003Flag of Europe.svg Europe SMART-1MoonSuccess SMART-1 orbiter
Flag of Europe.svg Europe Mars Express & Beagle 2MarsPartial success Mars Express orbiter (successfully reached orbit) and failed Beagle 2 lander
Flag of the United States.svg US Mars Exploration RoverMarsSuccess Mars Exploration Rovers successful launches, Spirit successfully landed, Opportunity successfully landed
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK UK-DMCEarthSuccess UK-DMC orbiter, part of the Disaster Monitoring Constellation
Flag of Japan.svg Japan Hayabusa 25143 Itokawa Success Hayabusa , first sample return from asteroid, returned in 2010
2004Flag of Europe.svg Europe Rosetta Comet 67P Success Rosetta space probe launched (arrived on comet 67P on November 12, 2014)
Flag of the United States.svg US MESSENGERMercurySuccess MESSENGER orbiter launched (in Mercury orbit)
Flag of the United States.svg US SwiftEarthSuccessLaunch of the Swift Gamma ray burst observatory.
2005Flag of the United States.svg US Deep Impact Comet Tempel 1 Success Deep Impact
Flag of Japan.svg Japan SuzakuEarthPartial successLaunch of the Suzaku X-ray observatory (ASTRO-EII)
Flag of the United States.svg US MROMarsSuccess Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Flag of Iran.svg Iran Sinah-1EarthSuccess Sinah-1 launched, first Iranian-built satellite
Flag of Europe.svg Europe Venus ExpressVenusSuccess Venus Express
2006Flag of the United States.svg US New HorizonsPlutoSuccess New Horizons launched. On July 14, 2015, New Horizons flew within 7,750 miles (12,472 km) of Pluto.
Flag of Japan.svg Japan AkariEarthSuccessLaunch of the Akari infrared observatory (ASTRO-F)
Flag of France.svg France/Flag of Europe.svg Europe COROTEarthSuccess COROT telescope to search for extrasolar planets
2007Flag of the United States.svg US PhoenixMarsSuccess Phoenix launched and successfully landed in 2008
Flag of Japan.svg Japan SELENEMoonSuccess SELENE orbiter and lander
Flag of the United States.svg US DawnVesta/CeresSuccess Dawn solar powered ion engined probe to 4 Vesta and 1 Ceres.
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Chang'e-IMoonSuccess Chang'e-I lunar orbiter
Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria NigComSat-1EarthPartial success NigComSat-1 launched by China, failed after 1 year
2008Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Türksat 3AEarthSuccess Türksat 3A, fourth Turkish communications satellite
Flag of the United States.svg US IBEXEarthSuccessThe Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX)'s mission is to study the nature of interactions between solar wind and interstellar medium at the edge of Solar System.
2009Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2EarthFailure Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 failed to orbit, possibly due to the rocket's third stage not separating properly.
Flag of Europe.svg Europe PlanckL2Success Planck
Flag of Europe.svg Europe HerschelL2Success Herschel Space Observatory
Flag of Iran.svg Iran OmidEarthSuccess Omid launched by Iranian made launcher Safir. First Iranian-launched satellite
Flag of the United States.svg US KeplerEarthSuccess Kepler launched
Flag of Europe.svg Europe PROBA-2EarthSuccess PROBA-2 Small satellite to observe the Sun
Flag of India.svg India RISAT-2EarthSuccess RISAT-2 developed by Israel Aerospace Industries, launched by ISRO, India
Flag of India.svg India Chandrayaan-1MoonSuccess Chandrayaan-1 developed and launched by ISRO, India. First discovery of Lunar Water.
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK UK-DMC 2EarthSuccess UK-DMC 2 orbiter, successor to UK-DMC part of the Disaster Monitoring Constellation

2010s

Artificial satellites and space probes in the 2010s
YearOriginNameTargetStatusDescription
2010Flag of Japan.svg Japan AkatsukiVenusPartial success Akatsuki orbiter, first Japanese spacecraft to orbit another planet (2015)
2010Flag of Japan.svg Japan IKAROSVenusSuccess IKAROS, first solar-sail spacecraft
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Chang'e-2MoonSuccess Chang'e-2 lunar orbiter/impacter
2011Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey RASATEarthSuccess

Turkey's after BİLSAT, second earth observation satellite. RASAT, design and production made in Turkey is the first observation satellite.

Flag of Russia.svg Russia Spektr-REarthSuccessLaunch of the Spektr-R radio telescope
Flag of the United States.svg US JunoJupiterSuccess Juno
Flag of Russia.svg Russia Fobos-GruntMarsFailure Fobos-Grunt lander and sample return
Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria NigComSat-1EarthSuccess NigComSat-1 replacement launched by China
Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan / Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore ST-2EarthSuccess ST-2 replacement launched by Taiwan and Singapore
Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina / Flag of the United States.svg US SAC-DEarthSuccess SAC-D Orbiter
2012Flag of Iran.svg Iran NavidEarthSuccess Navid Earth-watching satellite
Flag of the United States.svg US MSLMarsSuccess Mars Science Laboratory with Curiosity rover—orbit and landed
Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3EarthSuccess Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2, first successful North Korean orbital rocket launch after the first unit exploded shortly after launch.
Flag of Poland.svg Poland PW-SatEarthSuccess PW-Sat, first Polish satellite
2013Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea STSAT-2CEarthSuccess STSAT-2C, first successful South Korean orbital rocket launch
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada NEOSSatEarthSuccess NEOSSat, monitoring near-Earth objects
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada SapphireEarthSuccess Sapphire, military space surveillance
Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador NEE 01 PegasoEarthSuccess NEE-01 Pegaso, Ecuador's first satellite
Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia ESTCube-1EarthSuccess ESTCube-1, Estonia's first satellite
Flag of Europe.svg Europe PROBA-VEarthSuccess PROBA-V, small satellite to monitor the vegetation of the Earth
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg UK STRaND-1EarthSuccess STRaND-1, first smartphone-operated satellite to be launched and dubbed the world's first "phonesat"
Flag of Japan.svg Japan HisakiEarthSuccess Hisaki planetary atmosphere observatory
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada CASSIOPEEarthSuccess CASSIOPE, ionosphere research and communication satellite
Flag of India.svg India MOMMarsSuccess MOM is India's first interplanetary mission to Mars. First Asian nation to reach Mars.
Flag of the United States.svg US MAVENMarsSuccess MAVEN orbiter
Flag of Poland.svg Poland LemEarthSuccess Lem, First Polish scientific satellite
2014Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania LitSat1/LituanicaSAT-1EarthSuccess LitSat-1 and LituanicaSAT-1, first Lithuanian satellites
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey TÜRKSAT 4AEarthSuccess TÜRKSAT 4A, Turkey's fifth communication satellite.
Flag of Europe.svg Europe Rosetta / Philae Comet 67P Partial success Rosetta and Philae , Third comet landing at unintended site in suboptimal orientation due to failure of surface anchoring system
Flag of Poland.svg Poland HeweliuszEarthSuccess Heweliusz, Second Polish scientific satellite
Flag of Japan.svg Japan Hayabusa2 162173 Ryugu Success Hayabusa2 , second Japanese asteroid sample return spacecraft
Flag of Japan.svg Japan PROCYON 2000 DP107 Partial failure PROCYON deep space probe
2015Flag of the United States.svg US DSCOVR Earth-Sun L1 Success DSCOVR, Earth and space weather
Flag of India.svg India AstrosatEarthSuccess Astrosat, Space observatory
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey TÜRKSAT 4BEarthSuccess TÜRKSAT 4B, Turkey's sixth communication satellite.
2016Flag of Europe.svg European Union / Flag of Russia.svg Russia ExoMars / SchiaparelliMarsPartial success ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, Trace Gas Orbiter in orbit; Schiaparelli lander crashed
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada M3MSatEarthSuccess M3MSat, maritime monitoring and communication satellite
Flag of the United States.svg US OSIRIS-RExEarthEn route OSIRIS-REx, first American asteroid sample return spacecraft
2017Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil SGDC-1EarthSuccess SGDC-1, communication satellite
2018Flag of the United States.svg US Tesla RoadsterHeliocentric orbitSuccess Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster, dummy payload for the February 2018 Falcon Heavy test flight and is now an artificial satellite of the Sun
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Queqiao MoonSuccessFirst relay satellite for far side of the Moon.
Flag of the United States.svg US Flag of France.svg France Flag of Germany.svg Germany InSightMarsSuccess InSight , Mars lander for planetary information
Flag of Europe.svg European Union/Flag of Japan.svg Japan BepiColomboMercuryEn route BepiColombo , two orbiters to study the magnetic field, magnetosphere, and both interior and surface structure of Mercury. Final mission of the Horizon 2000+ programme
Flag of the United States.svg US Parker Solar ProbeSunEn route Parker Solar Probe , first spacecraft to visit the outer corona of the Sun
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Chang'e 4MoonSuccess Chang'e 4 , first spacecraft to soft-land on the lunar far side.
2019Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt NARSSCube-2EarthSuccess NARSSCube-2 , Egypt's first domestically built satellite
Flag of Israel.svg Israel BeresheetMoonFailure Beresheet , first private space probe and moon lander, crashed
Flag of Russia.svg Russia / Flag of Germany.svg Germany Spektr-RG Earth-Sun L2 SuccessLaunch of the Spektr-RG X-ray observatory
Flag of India.svg India Chandrayaan-2MoonPartial success Chandrayaan-2 , orbiter achieved orbit, but lander and rover module hit into the Moon's surface and crashed.
Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia ETRSS-1EarthSuccess ETRSS-1, first Ethiopian satellite; launched on China's Long March 4B rocket. [23]

2020s

Artificial satellites and space probes in the 2020s
YearOriginNameTargetStatusDescription
2020Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey TÜRKSAT 5A EarthSuccess TÜRKSAT 5A, Turkey's seventh communication satellite launched with SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket.
Flag of Europe.svg European Union SolO Sun En route Solar Orbiter is an ESA's Sun-observing satellite. [24] [25] [26]
Flag of the United States.svg US Mars 2020 MarsOperational Perseverance , JPL's Mars rover. It was launched on July 30 with Atlas V rocket, and landed on February 18, 2021, together with the small Ingenuity helicopter that was deployed on April 4, 2021.
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg UAE HopeMarsSuccess Hope satellite is the United Arab Emirates Space Agency's uncrewed space research project on Mars. It was launched with Japanese H-IIA rocket on 19 July and reached Mars on 9 February 2021.
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Tianwen-1 MarsSuccessMission containing an orbiter, deployable and remote cameras, lander and Zhurong rover. This is China's 2nd uncrewed space research project on Mars. It was launched with Long March 5 rocket on 23 July and the orbiter, lander and rover entered Mars orbit on 10 February 2021. The rover and lander landed on 14 May with rover deployment on 22 April 2021 and dropped a remote selfie camera on Mars on 1 June 2021 and while a deployable camera made a flyby around 10 February 2021 and another deployable camera was released into Mars orbit on 31 December 2021.
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Chang'e 5 MoonSuccessOrbiter, Returner, Ascent Stage, Lander configuration mission, China's first automated return of samples from the Moon. orbiter visited L1 and made a lunar flyby.
2021Flag of the United States.svg US Lucy two main belt asteroids as well as six Jupiter trojans En routeNASA probe that will complete a 12-year journey to nine different asteroids, visiting two main belt asteroids as well as six Jupiter trojans, [27] [28] asteroids which share Jupiter's orbit around the Sun, orbiting either ahead of or behind the planet. All target encounters will be fly-by encounters. [29] It was launched on October 16, 2021, on the 401 variant of Atlas V and has yet to study a trojan asteroid.
Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Amazônia-1 EarthSuccessAmazônia-1 is the first Earth observation satellite developed by Brazil, helped by Argentina's INVAP, who provided the main computer, attitude controls and sensors, and the training of Brazilian engineers,[8] and launched at 04:54:00 UTC (10:24:00 IST) on 28 February 2021.
Flag of the United States.svg US DART a Binary 65803 Didymos asteroid systemSuccess Double Asteroid Redirection Test , NASA's first mission to test planetary defense. Its uses involves test this technique by kinetically impacting the spacecraft to produce a small change in its orbital period. It was launched on November 24 with Falcon 9 rocket. Accompanying the mission is LICIACube cubesat, a flyby mission that recorded the impact and its aftermaths.
Flag of Italy.svg Italy LICIACube a Binary 65803 Didymos asteroid systemSuccess LICIACube , Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroids, is the first Agenzia Spaziale Italiana's interplanetary mission. Ideated, designed, integrated and operated entirely in Italy, it has been the witness of the first real-scale planetary defense test performed by Double Asteroid Redirection Test. LICIACube is the smallest human-made object that successfully performed a flyby of a Small Solar System body. It has been deployed two weeks before DART's impact.
Flag of the United States.svg US IXPE EarthSuccess Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, NASA's new X-ray observatory. It was launched on December 8 with Falcon 9 rocket.
Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey TÜRKSAT 5B EarthSuccess TÜRKSAT 5B, Turkey's eighth communication satellite launched with SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket.
Flag of the United States.svg US / Flag of Europe.svg European Union / Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada James Webb Space Telescope Earth-Sun L2 pointSuccess James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), NASA, ESA and CSA's joint project for a space telescope. It was launched on December 25 with Ariane 5 ECA rocket to Earth-Moon L2 point.
2022Flag of the United States.svg US CAPSTONE Near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO) of MoonOperational CAPSTONE, Lunar orbiting CubeSat that will test and verify the calculated orbital stability planned for the Gateway space station. It was launched with Rocket Lab Electron rocket.
Flag of the United States.svg US Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 NoneNone

In May, NASA reports that the Voyager 1 spacecraft, the farthest human-made object, is sending data that does not reflect what is happening on board with the antenna apparently remaining in its prescribed orientation to Earth. [30] [31] In June, it was reported that NASA is preparing to power down the two Voyager spacecraft in the hope of using the remaining power to extend their operation to about 2030. [32]

Flag of the United States.svg US / Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Danuri (KLPO)MoonOperationalSouth Korea's first lunar orbiter launched by SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket. Danuri will serve to create topographic map of the lunar surface to pinpoint future landing sites.
Flag of the United States.svg US Artemis 1 Orion MPCV CM-002 MoonSuccessUncrewed test of the Orion spacecraft in lunar flyby and DRO orbit.
CuSP HeliocentricFailureStudy particles and magnetic fields.
LunIR MoonPartial failureCollect its surface thermography.
NEA Scout Moon/AsteroidFailure Solar sail that will flyby a near-Earth asteroid.
Team Miles HelliocentricFailureDemonstrate low-thrust plasma propulsion in deep space.
BioSentinel HeliocentricSuccessContains yeast cards that will be rehydrated in space, designed to detect, measure, and compare the effects of deep space radiation.
LunaH-Map MoonFailureSearch for evidence of lunar water ice inside permanently shadowed craters using its neutron detector.
Lunar IceCube MoonFailureIts infrared spectrometer will detect water and organic compounds in the lunar surface and exosphere.
Flag of Italy.svg Italy ArgoMoon High Earth Orbit with Lunar FlybysOperationalImage the ICPS and perform deep space Nanotechnology experiments.
Flag of Japan.svg Japan OMOTENASHI MoonFailureInflatable module attempting to land semi-hard at lunar surface.
EQUULEUS Moon/Earth Moon-L2 SuccessImage the Earth's plasmasphere, impact craters on the Moon's far side and L2 experiments.
Hakuto-R Mission 1MoonFailureLunar landing technology demonstration at Atlas Crater.
Flag of the United States.svg US Lunar Flashlight MoonFailure Lunar Flashlight, Lunar orbiting CubeSat that will explore, locate, and estimate size and composition of water ice deposits on the Moon for future exploitation by robots or humans. It was launched with Hakuto-R mission Mission 1.
2023Flag of Europe.svg European Union Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE)Jupiter and Ganymede En routeMission to study Jupiter's three icy moons Callisto, Europa and Ganymede, eventually orbiting Ganymede as the first spacecraft to orbit a satellite of another planet.
Flag of Europe.svg European Union Euclid Earth-Sun L2 pointOperationalIt is ESA's project for a space telescope to study dark matter. It was launched on July 1 with Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket to Earth-Moon L2 point.
Flag of India.svg India Chandrayaan-3 MoonSuccessIt is India's second attempt to land on the Moon and its south pole. Successfully launched on 14 July 2023 on a LVM3 launch vehicle. Successfully landed on 23 August 2023.
Flag of Russia.svg Russia Luna-25 MoonFailureIt was a lander, launched on 10 August 2023 on Soyuz 2.1b rocket. Crashed on the Moon surface on 19 August 2023. [33]
Flag of India.svg India Aditya-L1 Earth-Sun L1 pointOperationalIt is ISRO's first Sun dedicated scientific mission. It will perform observations of the Solar corona. Successfully launched on 2 September 2023 on a PSLV-XL rocket.
Flag of Japan.svg Japan / Flag of the United States.svg US XRISM EarthOperational X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission, X-ray space telescope developed by JAXA in partnership with NASA. Successfully launched on 6 September 2023 on a H-IIA launch vehicle.
Flag of Japan.svg Japan SLIM MoonSuccessLunar lander developed by JAXA carrying two lunar rovers. Successfully launched on 6 September 2023 on a H-IIA launch vehicle. Successfully landed on 19 January 2024.
Flag of the United States.svg US Psyche 16 Psyche En routeAsteroid orbiter developed by NASA. Successfully launched on 13 October 2023 on a Falcon Heavy launch vehicle.
2024Flag of India.svg India XPoSat EarthOperational ISRO's mission to study X-ray polarisation. Successfully launched on 1 January 2024 on a PSLV-DL launch vehicle.
Flag of the United States.svg USA Peregrine Mission One MoonFailureLunar lander developed by Astrobotic Technology and selected as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services. Successfully launched on 8 January 2024 on a Vulcan Centaur launch vehicle but landing abandoned due to excessive propellant leak.
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China / Flag of Europe.svg European Union Einstein Probe EarthOperationalX-ray space telescope developed jointly by CAS and ESA. Successfully launched on 9 January 2024 on a Long March 2C launch vehicle.
Flag of the United States.svg USA IM-1 MoonSuccess Cryogenic-propelled lunar lander developed by Intuitive Machines and selected as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services. Successfully launched on 15 February 2024 on a Falcon 9 launch vehicle and landed on its side on 22 February 2024. Accompanied by a university Cubesat lander called EagleCam to send third-party images of landing sequence back to Earth.
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China DRO A/BMoonSuccess Yuanzheng 1S upper stage failed to deliver spacecrafts into correct orbit. The satellites were intended to test Distant retrograde orbit. [34] Tracking data appears to show China is attempting to salvage spacecraft and they appear to have succeeded in reaching their desired orbit. [35] [36]
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Queqiao-2MoonSuccess Queqiao-2 relay satellite for far side of the Moon with Tiandu-1 and 2 to test future lunar satellite constellation technologies.
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Chang'e 6 MoonSuccessOrbiter, Returner, Ascent Stage, Lander, Rover configuration mission, China's first automated return of samples from the far side of the Moon. orbiter visited L2.
Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan ICUBE-Q MoonOperationalPiggybacking as the first Pakistani lunar mission along with Chang'e 6.
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China / Flag of France.svg France Space Variable Objects Monitor EarthOperationalX-ray space telescope developed jointly by CNES and CNSA. Successfully launched on 22 June 2024 on a Long March 2C launch vehicle.
Flag of Europe.svg EU Hera 65803 Didymos En routeEuropean component of AIDA, a NASA-ESA asteroid deflection test cooperation, aimed at studying the effects of the NEO's impact created by NASA's DART mission using 65803 Didymos's moon (Dimorphos) as a target. Successfully launched on 7 October 2024 on a Falcon 9 launch vehicle.
Flag of the United States.svg USA Europa Clipper Jupiter and Europa En routeNASA launched the Europa Clipper on 14 October 2024 on a Falcon Heavy launch vehicle, which will study the Jovian moon Europa while in orbit around Jupiter.
Flag of Europe.svg EU PROBA-3 EarthOperational solar Coronagraph and Occulter dual satellites developed by ESA. Successfully launched on 5 December 2024 on a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle.
2025Flag of the United States.svg USA Blue Ghost M1 MoonOperationalLunar landing technology demonstration at Mare Crisium. Launched on 15 January 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with Hakuto-R Mission 2. Landed on 2 March 2025.
Flag of Japan.svg Japan Hakuto-R Mission 2 MoonFailureLunar landing technology demonstration at Mare Frigoris. Launched on 15 January 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with Blue Ghost M1. Carried a rover named Tenacious to lunar surface. Failed Landing.
Flag of the United States.svg USA IM-2 MoonPartial failureLunar landing technology demonstration at Mare Frigoris. Launched on 27 February 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with Lunar Trailblazer and Brokkr-2 and landed on its side on 6 March 2025 and the mission ended sooner without conducting useful science and surface operations. Carried AstroAnt, Yaoki, Micro-Nova and MAPP LV1 rovers to lunar surface.
Flag of the United States.svg USA Lunar Trailblazer MoonFailureLunar orbiter aimed to aid in the understanding of lunar water and the Moon's water cycle. [37] Launched on 27 February 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with Brokkr-2, Chimera-1 and IM-2.
Flag of the United States.svg USA Brokkr-2 2022 OB5 FailureAsteroid flyby of a near-Earth asteroid and determine if the asteroid is metallic. [38] Launched on 27 February 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with Lunar Trailblazer, Chimera-1 and IM-2.
Flag of the United States.svg USA Chimera-1 Moon FailureFailed lunar flyby Launched on 27 February 2025 on a Falcon 9 Block 5 launch vehicle with Lunar Trailblazer, Brokkr-2 and IM-2.
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Tianwen-2 469219 Kamoʻoalewa and 311P/PANSTARRS En route Tianwen-2 asteroid orbiter, lander and sample return. Launched on a Long March 3B launch vehicle on 29 May 2025.

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