2022 in spaceflight

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2022 in spaceflight
Chinese Tiangong Space Station.jpg
Europa in natural color.png
DART-impact-SAAO-Lesedi-Mookodi.gif
Artemis 1 - Orion and ESM approach Moon.jpg
Orbital launches
First6 January
Last30 December
Total186
Successes178
Failures7
Partial failures1
Catalogued 169
National firsts
Satellite
Space traveller
Suborbital launch
Rockets
Maiden flights
Retirements
Crewed flights
Orbital7
Orbital travellers24
Suborbital3
Suborbital travellers18
Total travellers42
EVAs 15
2022 in spaceflight
←  2021
2023  →

The year 2022 witnessed the number of launches of SpaceX's Falcon rocket family (61 launches) surpassing the CNSA's Long March rocket family (53 launches), making the United States the country with the highest number of launches in 2022 instead of China. This year also featured the first successful launch of Long March 6A, Nuri, Angara 1.2, Vega C, Kinetica-1, and Jielong-3. National space agencies' activities in this year is also marred by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, leading to tension between Roscosmos and Western space agencies, threats of ending collaboration on the International Space Station (ISS), and delays on space missions.

Contents

In terms of national-level scientific space missions, this year is a focal year on lunar exploration. 2022 saw the launch of NASA's CAPSTONE orbiter, KARI's Danuri orbiter and NASA's Artemis 1, the first mission of the Artemis program. In particular, Artemis 1 has two major goals: testing the Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System, and deployment of CubeSats. This year also saw the impact of Double Asteroid Redirection Test on Dimorphos marking the first time a planetary defense technique is tested, NASA's Juno flyby of Europa, and the loss of communication from ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission and NASA's InSight Martian probe.

Two crewed space stations, the ISS and Tiangong, are in operation in 2022. This year also marks docking of Wentian and Mengtian modules to Tiangong. In terms of crewed missions, the ISS saw Expedition 66, 67, and 68, while Tiangong saw Shenzhou 13, 14, and 15. The ISS also briefly hosted private crews of Soyuz MS-20. The ISS also saw docking of Starliner's Boeing Orbital Flight Test 2.

This year also saw the first time citizens of Egypt and Portugal crossed the 50 mi (80 km) altitude mark, which is the United States's definition of outer space. They did so in a suborbital launch organized by Virgin Galactic, however, they did not managed to cross the Kármán line (100 km or 62 mi). Slovenia performed its first ever suborbital launch in 2022. Moldova, Armenia, Uganda and Zimbabwe have their own satellite in orbit for the first time in 2022.

Overview

Exploration of the Solar System

NASA continued the mission of the Juno spacecraft at Jupiter by conducting a flyby of Europa on 29 September 2022. [1]

In Mars exploration, the European Space Agency (ESA) had partnered with Roscosmos to launch the Rosalind Franklin rover using the Kazachok lander as part of ExoMars 2022. [2] In March 2022, the launch was cancelled in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent suspension of ESA–Roscosmos cooperation on ExoMars. [3]

On 3 October 2022, the Indian Space Research Organisation released a statement that all attempts to revive their Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan, had failed and officially declared it dead citing the loss of fuel and battery power to the probe's instruments. [4]

On 20 December 2022, NASA announced that the InSight lander had lost communications with Earth on 15 December 2022, with the end of the mission being declared on 21 December 2022. [5] [6]

Lunar exploration

NASA's CAPSTONE lunar orbiter launched on 28 June and arrived in lunar orbit on 14 November 2022.

Artemis 1, the first flight of NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) and the first lunar mission for Orion, was launched on 16 November 2022. [7] Artemis 1 transported as secondary payloads many small research spacecraft, with multiple of those spacecraft intended to study the Moon. Unfortunately most of the spacecraft (especially those studying the Moon) failed in their missions. Japan launched the OMOTENASHI lunar lander as a secondary payload of the Artemis 1 mission; contact with OMOTENASHI was lost and the mission failed before the landing sequence to the lunar surface had begun.[ citation needed ]

The United States planned to also launch a number of commercial lunar landers and rovers. As part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services program, the launch of Astrobotic Technology's Peregrine lander and Intuitive Machines' Nova-C lander was scheduled. However, all the launches of US commercial lunar landers and rovers planned for 2022 were delayed and did not launch in 2022.[ citation needed ]

On 4 August 2022, South Korea's first lunar orbiter Danuri was launched into space by a Falcon 9 rocket. The orbiter took several months to enter lunar orbit; lunar orbit insertion happened on 16 December 2022 (UTC). [8]

On 11 December 2022 [9] a Falcon 9 rocket launched the Hakuto-R Mission 1, a private Moon mission by the Japanese company ispace. Onboard the Hakuto-R lunar lander were the Lunar Excursion Vehicle 1 (LEV-1, also called Transformable Lunar Robot) [10] lunar rover from Japan and the Rashid lunar rover flying the Emirates Lunar Mission. Landing to Moon was planned to occur in April 2023. The NASA lunar orbiter, Lunar Flashlight, [11] was launched as piggyback payload; a failure of the craft's propulsion system resulted in Lunar Flashlight being unable to enter orbit around the Moon and NASA terminated the mission on 12 May 2023. [12] The Hakuto-R Mission 1 was lost during the final moments of descent to the lunar surface at 16:40 UTC on 25 April 2023. The ispace team confirmed that the spacecraft had crashed into the Moon. [13] [14]

Human spaceflight

China finished the construction of the Tiangong space station with the addition of the Wentian and Mengtian lab modules. [15] Wentian was successfully launched and docked to the space station on 24 July 2022, [16] while Mengtian was launched on 31 October 2022 and was docked to the space station later that day. [17] [18] [19] On 29 November 2022 with Shenzhou 15 docking to the Tiangong space station, China started its first crew handover.

On 19 May 2022, Boeing launched the almost six-day (landing 25 May 2022) second uncrewed test flight of its Starliner space capsule. The test flight was successful and led the way for Starliner's first crewed test flight in 2024. [20] [21]

Space tourism

Blue Origin's New Shepard launched six passengers each on a suborbital trajectory in three flights, NS-20 on 31 March, NS-21 on 4 June and NS-22 on 4 August. The failure of the uncrewed flight NS-23 in September paused launches of the system. [22]

On 8 April 2022, SpaceX's Crew Dragon space capsule was launched by a Falcon 9 rocket for the first American space tourist mission to the International Space Station. The crew on board the Axiom Space-operated mission included one professional astronaut (space vehicle commander) and three tourists. The mission, known as Axiom Mission 1, lasted a little over 17 days and was the first wholly commercially operated crewed mission to the ISS.

Rocket innovation

Arianespace's Ariane 6 was expected to make its long-delayed maiden flight, [23] targeting a per-satellite launch cost similar to a Falcon 9, [24] but was delayed to 2023. [25]

After suborbital tests in 2020 and 2021, SpaceX planned to conduct the first orbital test flight of the fully reusable Starship launch vehicle. [26] This was further delayed to 2023, where it launched.

The maiden flight of Vulcan Centaur was planned for 2022. [23] The launch vehicle is designed by United Launch Alliance to gradually replace Atlas V and Delta IV Heavy at lower costs. [27] However, the maiden flight was delayed to 2023. [28]

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries's H3 launch vehicle, which was scheduled to enter service in 2022, targeted a cost less than half that of its predecessor H-IIA. The maiden flight of H3 did not take place in 2022. [29]

On 21 January 2022, the Atlas V 511 launched for the first time. This was the only planned flight of the Atlas V in the 511 configuration. The launch was successful.

On 29 March 2022, the Long March 6A rocket performed its maiden launch, successfully reaching orbit.

On 29 April 2022, the Angara 1.2 rocket had its maiden launch, successfully reaching orbit.

On 2 May 2022, Rocket Lab attempted first mid-air helicopter capture of the first stage of their Electron rocket. Attempt was successful at initially grabbing the rocket, but the vehicle was dropped in order to ensure the safety of the helicopter and its pilot. [30]

On 13 July 2022, Vega C had its debut flight during which it delivered the LARES 2 and six other satellites from French Guiana to orbit. [31]

On 27 July 2022, CAS Space's Kinetica-1 rocket performed its maiden launch, successfully sending six satellites into orbit.

On 7 August 2022, SSLV had its debut flight. However, due to the final VTM stage failure, the stage as well as the two satellite payloads were injected into an unstable elliptical orbit measuring 356 km x 76 km and subsequently destroyed upon reentry. [32] According to the ISRO, the mission software failed to identify and correct a sensor fault in the VTM stage. [33]

On 16 November 2022, Artemis 1 saw the debut flight of NASA's Space Launch System, which is designed to return humans to the Moon in the Artemis program. [34] [35]

On 9 December 2022, Jielong-3 performed its maiden launch from the Yellow Sea, successfully sending fourteen satellites into orbit. [36]

On 14 December 2022, Zhuque-2 had its debut flight, but failed to reach orbit due to the failure of vernier thrusters on its second stage, which are expected to ignite and carry the second stage and payloads into orbit after the burn by the second stage main engine that did happen [37] [38] [39] It was the world's first orbital launch attempt of a methane-fueled launch vehicle. [40]

Space debris and satellites management

According to a space monitoring company, in January a Chinese satellite, SJ-21, grabbed an unused satellite and "threw" it into an orbit with a lower risk for the space debris to collide. [41] [42] In March, the IAU announced the Centre for the Protection of the Dark and Quiet Sky from Satellite Constellation Interference to coordinate or aggregate measures to mitigate the detrimental effects of satellite constellations on astronomy. [43] [44] [45] On 4 March, for the first time, human space debris – most likely a spent rocket body, Long March 3C third stage from the 2014 Chang'e 5 T1 mission – unintentionally hit the lunar surface, creating an unexpected double crater. [46] [47]

Consequences of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, a large number of countries imposed further international sanctions against individuals, businesses and officials from Russia, Crimea and Belarus. [48] [49] Russia responded with sanctions against a number of countries. This led to tensions between the Russian space agency and its partners.

Orbital and Suborbital launches

Orbital launches by month
MonthNum. of successesNum. of failuresNum. of partial failures
January 800
February 1210
March 1200
April 1400
May 1110
June 1510
July 1600
August 1710
September 1600
October 2111
November 2000
December 1620
Total17871

Deep-space rendezvous

Date (UTC)SpacecraftEventRemarks
23 June BepiColombo Second gravity assist at Mercury
3 September Solar Orbiter Third gravity assist at Venus This is the first fly-by of Venus that increased Solar Orbiter's orbital inclination relative to the Sun. [54]
26 September Double Asteroid Redirection Test Impact at a minor planet moon Dimorphos DART kinetically impacted Dimorphos, the minor-planet moon of the 65803 Didymos binary asteroid system. It also performed a flyby of Didymos. [55]
26 September LICIACube Flyby of asteroidsLICIACube flew by the 65803 Didymos binary asteroid system at a targeted altitude of 55 km (34 mi).
29 September Juno 45th perijoveOn this perijove, Juno flew by Europa at a distance of 352 km (219 mi). Orbital period around Jupiter reduced to 38 days. [1]
16 October Lucy First gravity assist at Earth Target altitude: 300 km (190 mi).
14 November CAPSTONE Lunar orbital insertionFirst mission to use a Near-rectilinear halo orbit around the Moon
21 November Artemis 1 Powered flyby of the Moon Target altitude: 60 nmi (110 km)
25 NovemberArtemis 1Distant Retrograde Orbit insertion at the MoonSecond mission ever to use a Distant Retrograde Orbit around the Moon
1 DecemberArtemis 1Distant Retrograde Orbit departure burnSpacecraft exited lunar orbit en route to an Earth return trajectory
5 DecemberArtemis 1Powered flyby of the MoonTarget altitude 80.6 nmi (149.3 km)
11 December [56] Artemis 1Splashdown at Earth
16 December [8] Danuri Lunar orbital insertion

Extravehicular activities (EVAs)

Start date/timeDurationEnd timeSpacecraftCrewRemarks
19 January 2022
12:17		7 hours, 11 minutes19:28 Expedition 66

Poisk Airlock

Flag of Russia.svg Anton Shkaplerov

Flag of Russia.svg Pyotr Dubrov

Spacewalk to connect the Prichal Node Module to the ISS. Tasks included: relocating the Strela crane over to Nauka so it can be used as a translation path for this spacewalk and the next one, connecting telemetry and power cables installing handrails, relocating television cameras and docking antennas, installing docking targets, and jettisoning unneeded hardware and trash. [57] [58] [59]

15 March 2022
12:11		6 hours, 54 minutes19:06 Expedition 66
ISS Quest
Flag of the United States.svg Raja Chari
Flag of the United States.svg Kayla Barron 		First spacewalk to install the IROSA mounting brackets on the S4 Truss. Task included installing the struts, mounting brackets, and triangles at the 3A Array in preparation for the delivery of the IROSA solar arrays on SpaceX CRS-25 at the end of May. The astronauts also tied back insulation on S6 so Dextre can replace the Battery Charge Discharge Modules at this location which has shown signs of decay and will be replaced at a later date. As a get ahead the astronauts photographed a worn keel pin cover which has come loose on one of the pins that were used to secure the airlock in the shuttle bay when it was launched. [60] [61] [62]
23 March 2022
12:32		6 hours, 54 minutes19:26 Expedition 66
ISS Quest
Flag of the United States.svg Raja Chari
Flag of Germany.svg Matthias Maurer 		The astronauts will install and vent ammonia jumpers on the P1 Truss and reposition a radiator beam valve module which has been giving them trouble. The astronauts will also route cables, install cable clamps on the Bartolomeo platform, tie back thermal insulation on the Kibo Exposed Facility Berthing Mechanism, break torque on the P4 electronics boxes, replace Camera 8 on the truss which has a bad filter and light, outfit the radiator grapple bars for a future spacewalk, and also do other maintenance tasks outside the station. [63]
18 April 2022
14:01		6 hours, 37 minutes21:37 Expedition 67

Poisk Airlock

Flag of Russia.svg Oleg Artemyev
Flag of Russia.svg Denis Matveev 		Third spacewalk in a series to activate Nauka and Prichal and to commission ERA. During the spacewalk the cosmonauts will remove covers and install electrical cables so ERA can be activated at the end of the spacewalk. They will also install handrails, experiments, and work platforms outside, and break torque on bolts that secure ERA to the lab. [64]
28 April 2022
10:58		7 hours, 42 minutes18:40 Expedition 67

Poisk Airlock

Flag of Russia.svg Oleg Artemyev
Flag of Russia.svg Denis Matveev 		Fourth spacewalk in a series to activate Nauka and Prichal and to commission ERA. During the spacewalk the cosmonauts will jettison thermal cover, release launch locks, and lube the joints and the grapple fixtures before they walk off the arm to its stowage point on the side of the lab in preparation for its first grapple at the end of the spacewalk. [64]

Artemyev and Matveev completed their major objectives during the spacewalk, which included monitoring the first commanded movements of the robotic arm from its grapple fixtures after removing thermal blankets and launch locks. The duo monitored the robotic arm as its end effectors translated one at a time to a new base points. The crew also installed more handrails on Nauka multipurpose laboratory module. Shortly after the spacewalk ended, cosmonaut Sergey Korsakov completed the grapple of the second of the two end effectors on the new European Robotic Arm to a grapple mechanism on the Nauka module to successfully wrap up the major tasks of the excursion. [65]

21 July 2022

14:50

7 hours, 5 minutes21:55 Expedition 67

Poisk Airlock

Flag of Russia.svg Oleg Artemyev
Flag of Italy.svg Samantha Cristoforetti 		Russian cosmonaut Oleg Artemyev and Italian astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti worked on the ERA robotic arm as part of the work scheduled to commission the Nauka module and robotic arm. They launched two Tsiolkovsky-Ryazan (No. 1-2) and eight YUZGU-55 (No. 5-12) satellites, installed an ERA grapple point on Poisk to facilitate future relocation of the experiment airlock on the next spacewalk, translated a work platform over to Nauka, reconfigured ERA and set the control panel from grapple mode to stowed, replaced a camera port window on ERA that prevented grappling on the previous spacewalk, replaced MLI blankets on Nauka that were knocked loose by the thruster firings when the module arrived, and installed retainers on Strela 1 on Poisk. The final task to relocate Strela 2 on Zarya over to Poisk and install its retainer was deferred to the next spacewalk because they ran out of time and they had a late start. Cristoforetti become the first female European astronaut to perform a spacewalk, and only the third woman to perform a spacewalk using the Russian Orlan spacesuit (after Svetlana Savitskaya and Peggy Whitson). [66] [67] [68] [69]
17 August 2022
13:53		4 hours, 1 minute17:54 Expedition 67

Poisk Airlock

Flag of Russia.svg Oleg Artemyev
Flag of Russia.svg Denis Matveev 		Sixth spacewalk in a series to outfit Nauka and to prepare the Russian Segment for module transfers which will take place in the fall. The primary task to install cameras on the elbow joint was completed on time and both cameras passed their telemetry checkouts. The final tasks to relocate the ERA control panel, set the arm back to "grapple mode", and remove the launch rings from the wrist of ERA will be moved to the next spacewalk. Artemyev was in the process of removing the launch ring at worksite 2 from ERA when he suffered a voltage drop in his spacesuit batteries. Mission Control Moscow ordered him back inside the airlock where he connected to internal power to recharge his suit. Because they were ahead and then behind the timeline, in light of the battery issue Mission Control Moscow gave the order to terminate the EVA at 16:34 GMT and the spacewalk concluded at 17:54 GMT, 4 hours and 1 minute into the spacewalk. [70] Artemyev was never in any danger and they will be replacing the battery before the next spacewalk. Because of the early EVA termination, the getahead task to relocate Strela 2 over to Poisk was also moved to the next spacewalk along with the other tasks. [71] [72] [73] [74]
1 September 2022
10:26		6 hours, 7 minutes16:33 Shenzhou 14

TSS Wentian airlock

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Chen Dong
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Liu Yang 		The spacewalkers completed a series of tasks including installing an additional pump on the exterior, raising panoramic camera B, installing a workbench, demonstrating emergency return, etc. This is the first time the Wentian airlock was used, and it will be used for all future spacewalks.
2 September 2022
13:25		7 hours 47 minutes21:12 Expedition 67

Poisk Airlock

Flag of Russia.svg Oleg Artemyev
Flag of Russia.svg Denis Matveev 		Seventh in a series of spacewalks to outfit Nauka and to prepare ERA for operations. The spacewalkers completed the tasks that were moved from the previous two spacewalks and installed two payload adapters on Nauka. Because of time and the lack of consumables the task to break torque on bolts that secure the airlock and the radiator to Rassvet was deferred to the next spacewalk. This was the longest EVA of Expedition 67 and the final one of this mission. [75] [76] [77]
17 September 2022
05:35		4 hours 12 minutes09:47 Shenzhou 14

TSS Wentian airlock

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Chen Dong
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Cai Xuzhe 		The spacewalkers completed a series of tasks, including the completion of the installation of foot limiters and extravehicular workbenches, and will follow up with the support of the small robotic arm, and cooperate with each other to carry out the installation of the outboard booster handle, the installation of the load circuit expansion pump set, and the verification of the outboard rescue.
15 November 2022
14:14		7 hours 11 minutes21:25 Expedition 68
ISS Quest
Flag of the United States.svg Josh Cassada
Flag of the United States.svg Frank Rubio 		Cassada and Rubio installed the final IROSA mounting bracket on the S6 Truss at Array 1B. As part of get-ahead tasks, they prepared the 3A mounting bracket at P4 for the delivery of two IROSAs on the 18th and routed cables along the truss to be mated at the end of EVA 3. Because of time they did not install the slip collars on S6 and the cable routing was partly completed. The S6 cables will be routed on a later spacewalk when IROSA arrives. [78] [79] [80]
17 November 2022
03:16		5 hours 34 minutes08:50 Shenzhou 14

TSS Wentian airlock

Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Chen Dong
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Cai Xuzhe 		The spacewalkers completed a series of tasks, including the installation of a connection device between Tianhe core cabin and Wentian experimental cabin, inter-chamber connection device between Tianhe core cabin and Mengtian experimental cabin, lifting of panoramic camera A of Wentian experimental cabin and installation of small mechanical arm power-assisted handle.
17 November 2022
14:39		6 hours 25 minutes21:07 Expedition 68

Poisk Airlock

Flag of Russia.svg Sergey Prokopyev
Flag of Russia.svg Dmitry Petelin 		Eighth in a series of spacewalks to outfit Nauka and to prepare ERA for operations. The spacewalkers changed a grapple fixture so the airlock can be used as a base point for the arm, broke torque on bolts that secure the airlock and radiator to Rassvet, removed launch restraints from the radiator, vented nitrogen jumpers, replaced a retainer on Strela 2 with one that has a stop, and transferred a MLM outfitting work platform called the SKKO that is, the Nauka Means of attachment of large payloads over to Nauka and installed it at the ERA base point facing aft where ERA use to be when it was launched. [81] [82] [83]
3 December 2022
12:16		7 hours 5 minutes19:21 Expedition 68
ISS Quest
Flag of the United States.svg Josh Cassada
Flag of the United States.svg Frank Rubio 		Assisted by Canadarm 2, Cassada and Rubio installed an IROSA at Array 3A and connected it to the US power system. The spacewalkers undid bolts and installed cables and at 17:37 GMT the array was deployed and is receiving power. As part of get-ahead tasks, they prepared the 4A array for the next spacewalk, demated the 1B array, broke torque on the P4 electronic boxes, and installed cables along the truss to be mated at the end of EVA 5. [78] Spacewalk faced a delay when Cassada's suit did not power up. Troubleshooting steps were done and power was restored to Cassada's suit so they could continue the spacewalk. Nick Hague was ground IV. [84] [85]
22 December 2022
13:19		7 hours 8 minutes20:27 Expedition 68
ISS Quest
Flag of the United States.svg Josh Cassada
Flag of the United States.svg Frank Rubio 		Assisted by Canadarm 2, Rubio and Cassada will install the fourth IROSA at Array 4A. Task include releasing bolts, installing cables, and deploying the array and connecting it to the US power system. Once these task are complete Rubio and Cassada will stow the array stowage beams on the carrier and remove their foot restraints from the arm in perpetration for astronaut Nicole Mann to grapple the carrier and load it into the trunk of SpaceX CRS-26 for disposal. If they have time they will photograph Soyuz MS-22 which has suffered a cooling leak in its primary radiator. [78]

Space debris events

Date/Time (UTC)Source objectEvent typePieces trackedRemarks
12 November Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Long March 6A upper stageBreakup781 [86] Energetic fragmentation event; Cause Unknown; but may be related to upper stage passivization or insulation. [87] [88] It later expanded from its initial 50 pieces to 350 and subsequently 781 pieces. [89]
17 November Flag of Japan.svg H2-A 202 Payload fairingBreakup50+Energetic fragmentation event; Cause Unknown

Orbital launch statistics

By country

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the launch vehicle, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian launch vehicle.

Circle frame.svgChina: 64Europe: 5India: 5Iran: 1South Korea: 1Japan: 1Russia: 22UK: 0USA: 87
CountryLaunchesSuccessesFailuresPartial
failures		Remarks
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 646220
Flag of Europe.svg  Europe 5410
Flag of India.svg  India 5410
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 1100
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 1010
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 222200Includes Soyuz launches from Kourou and Baikonur
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 1100
Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 878421Includes Electron launches from Māhia
World18617871

By rocket

10
20
30
40
50
60
70

By family

By type

By configuration

By spaceport

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
China
France
India
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
New Zealand
Russia
SiteCountryLaunchesSuccessesFailuresPartial failuresRemarks
Baikonur Flag of Kazakhstan.svg  Kazakhstan 7700
Cape Canaveral Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 383620
East China Sea Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 1100
Jiuquan Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 252320
Kennedy Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 191900
Kourou Flag of France.svg  France 6510
Māhia Flag of New Zealand.svg  New Zealand 9900
MARS Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 2200
Mojave Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 2200
Naro Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 1100
PSCA Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 1100
Plesetsk Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 131300
Satish Dhawan Flag of India.svg  India 5410
Shahroud Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 1100
Taiyuan Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 141400
Uchinoura Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 1010
Vandenberg Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 161501
Vostochny Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 1100
Wenchang Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 6600
Xichang Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 161600
Yellow Sea Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 2200
Total18617871

By orbit

25
50
75
100
125
150
Transatmospheric
  •   Transatmospheric
  •   Low Earth
  •   Low Earth (ISS)
  •   Low Earth (CSS)
  •   Low Earth (SSO)
  •   Low Earth (retrograde)
  •   Medium Earth
  •   Molniya
  •   Geosynchronous
  •   Tundra
  •   Lunar transfer
  •   Heliocentric
Orbital regimeLaunchesAchievedNot achievedAccidentally
achieved		Remarks
Transatmospheric0001 SSLV-D1 was intended to reach low Earth orbit, but achieved a transatmospheric orbit instead
Low Earth / Sun-synchronous 15414770Including flights to ISS and Tiangong
Geosynchronous / Tundra / GTO 232300
Medium Earth / Molniya 6600
High Earth / Lunar transfer 1100
Heliocentric orbit / Planetary transfer 2200
Total18617971

Suborbital launch statistics

By country

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of suborbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. Flights intended to fly below 80 km (50 mi) are omitted.

Circle frame.svgBrazil: 3Canada: 11China: 16France: 0India: 8Iran: 5Israel: 3Japan: 2The Netherlands: 3North Korea: 22Pakistan: 1Russia: 8Slovenia: 1South Korea: 6Taiwan: 0Turkey: 1United Kingdom: 1USA: 35Ukraine: 0Yemen: 5
CountryLaunchesSuccessesFailuresPartial
failures		Remarks
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil 3300
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 111100
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 161600
Flag of India.svg  India 8800
Flag of Iran.svg  Iran 5500
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel 3300
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 2200
Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands 3210
Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea 222110
Flag of Pakistan.svg  Pakistan 1100
Flag of Russia.svg  Russia 8800
Flag of Slovenia.svg  Slovenia 1001
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 6510
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey 1100
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 1010
Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 3531403 crewed flights
Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen 5500
World13112371

See also

Notes

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      <span class="mw-page-title-main">2007 in spaceflight</span>

      The year 2007 contained several significant events in spaceflight, including a Chinese ASAT test, the launches of the US Phoenix and Dawn missions to study Mars and Asteroid belt respectively, Japan's Kaguya Lunar orbiter, and the first Chinese Lunar probe, Chang'e 1.

      <span class="mw-page-title-main">History of spaceflight</span>

      Spaceflight began in the 20th century following theoretical and practical breakthroughs by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Robert H. Goddard, and Hermann Oberth, each of whom published works proposing rockets as the means for spaceflight. The first successful large-scale rocket programs were initiated in Nazi Germany by Wernher von Braun. The Soviet Union took the lead in the post-war Space Race, launching the first satellite, the first animal, the first human and the first woman into orbit. The United States landed the first men on the Moon in 1969. Through the late 20th century, France, the United Kingdom, Japan, and China were also working on projects to reach space.

      <span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of space exploration</span> Overview of and topical guide to space exploration

      The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to space exploration.

      <span class="mw-page-title-main">2010 in spaceflight</span>

      The year 2010 saw a number of notable events in worldwide spaceflight activities. These included the first test flight of the SpaceX Dragon commercial resupply spacecraft, which is intended to resupply the International Space Station (ISS), and the maiden flights of the Falcon 9 and Minotaur IV rockets. In June 2010, South Korea conducted a second Naro-1 launch, after the failure of the rocket's maiden flight in 2009; however, the second attempt also failed. The Kosmos-3M was retired from service, making its final flight in April. The Molniya-M was also retired from service, making its final flight in September.

      <span class="mw-page-title-main">NASA</span> American space and aeronautics agency

      The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research. Established in 1958, it succeeded the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) to give the U.S. space development effort a distinct civilian orientation, emphasizing peaceful applications in space science. It has since led most of America's space exploration programs, including Project Mercury, Project Gemini, the 1968–1972 Apollo Moon landing missions, the Skylab space station, and the Space Shuttle. Currently, NASA supports the International Space Station (ISS) along with the Commercial Crew Program, and oversees the development of the Orion spacecraft and the Space Launch System for the lunar Artemis program.

      <span class="mw-page-title-main">2015 in spaceflight</span>

      In 2015, the maiden spaceflights of the Chinese Long March 6 and Long March 11 launch vehicles took place.

      <span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 in spaceflight</span>

      In 2014, the maiden flight of the Angara A5, Antares 120 and Antares 130 took place.

      <span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 in spaceflight</span>

      Several new rockets and spaceports began operations in 2016.

      <span class="mw-page-title-main">2013 in spaceflight</span>

      In 2013, the maiden spaceflight of the Orbital Sciences' Antares launch vehicle, designated A-ONE, took place on 13 April. Orbital Science also launched its first spacecraft, Cygnus, that docked with the International Space Station in late September 2013.

      <span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 in spaceflight</span>

      This article documents notable spaceflight events during the year 2019.

      <span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 in spaceflight</span>

      This article documents notable spaceflight events during the year 2018. For the first time since 1990, more than 100 orbital launches were performed globally.

      <span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 in spaceflight</span>

      The year 2021 broke the record for the most orbital launch attempts till then (146) and most humans in space concurrently (19) despite the effects of COVID-19 pandemic.

      <span class="mw-page-title-main">2024 in spaceflight</span>

      For the fourth year in a row, new world records were set for both orbital launch attempts and successful orbital launches. So far, the year saw the successful first launch of Vulcan Centaur, Gravity-1, Ariane 6, and notably more developmental launches of SpaceX's Starship, including the first ever landing on Flight 5. Additionally, the final launch of a Delta family rocket occurred in April with a Delta IV Heavy. In May, China launched the Chang'e 6, the first sample return from the far side of the Moon. The Polaris Dawn mission conducted the first ever commercial spacewalk in September.

      <span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 in spaceflight</span>

      The year 2023 saw rapid growth and significant technical achievements in spaceflight. For the third year in a row, new world records were set for both orbital launch attempts (223) and successful orbital launches (211). The growth in orbital launch cadence can in large part be attributed to SpaceX, as they increased their number of launches from 61 in 2022 to 98 in 2023. The deployment of the Starlink satellite megaconstellation was a major contributing factor to this increase over previous years. This year also featured numerous maiden launches of new launch vehicles. In particular, SSLV, Qaem 100, Tianlong-2, Chollima-1,and Zhuque-2 performed their first successful orbital launch, while SpaceX's Starship – the world's largest rocket – launched two times during its development stage: IFT-1 and IFT-2.

      <span class="mw-page-title-main">CAPSTONE</span> NASA satellite to test the Lunar Gateway orbit

      CAPSTONE is a lunar orbiter that is testing and verifying the calculated orbital stability planned for the Lunar Gateway space station. The spacecraft is a 12-unit CubeSat that is also testing a navigation system that is measuring its position relative to NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) without relying on ground stations. It was launched on 28 June 2022, arrived in lunar orbit on 14 November 2022, and was scheduled to orbit for six months. On 18 May 2023, it completed its primary mission to orbit in the near-rectilinear halo orbit for six months, but will stay on this orbit, continuing to perform experiments during an enhanced mission phase.

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        ✅1st/2nd stage separation
        ✅2nd stage engine ignition
        Waiting for more info coming in..."         (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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