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An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside the Solar System. The first possible evidence of an exoplanet was noted in 1917 but was not then recognized as such. The first confirmation of the detection occurred in 1992. A different planet, first detected in 1988, was confirmed in 2003. As of 1 April 2024, there are 5,653 confirmed exoplanets in 4,161 planetary systems, with 896 systems having more than one planet. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to discover more exoplanets, and to give more insight into their traits, such as their composition, environmental conditions, and potential for life.
An ocean world, ocean planet or water world is a type of planet that contains a substantial amount of water in the form of oceans, as part of its hydrosphere, either beneath the surface, as subsurface oceans, or on the surface, potentially submerging all dry land. The term ocean world is also used sometimes for astronomical bodies with an ocean composed of a different fluid or thalassogen, such as lava, ammonia or hydrocarbons. The study of extraterrestrial oceans is referred to as planetary oceanography.
A Super-Earth is a type of exoplanet with a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below those of the Solar System's ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, which are 14.5 and 17 times Earth's, respectively. The term "super-Earth" refers only to the mass of the planet, and so does not imply anything about the surface conditions or habitability. The alternative term "gas dwarfs" may be more accurate for those at the higher end of the mass scale, although "mini-Neptunes" is a more common term.
Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite is a space telescope for NASA's Explorer program, designed to search for exoplanets using the transit method in an area 400 times larger than that covered by the Kepler mission. It was launched on 18 April 2018, atop a Falcon 9 launch vehicle and was placed into a highly elliptical 13.70-day orbit around the Earth. The first light image from TESS was taken on 7 August 2018, and released publicly on 17 September 2018.
An exoplanet is a planet located outside the Solar System. The first evidence of an exoplanet was noted as early as 1917, but was not recognized as such until 2016; no planet discovery has yet come from that evidence. What turned out to be the first detection of an exoplanet was published among a list of possible candidates in 1988, though not confirmed until 2003. The first confirmed detection came in 1992, with the discovery of terrestrial-mass planets orbiting the pulsar PSR B1257+12. The first confirmation of an exoplanet orbiting a main-sequence star was made in 1995, when a giant planet was found in a four-day orbit around the nearby star 51 Pegasi. Some exoplanets have been imaged directly by telescopes, but the vast majority have been detected through indirect methods, such as the transit method and the radial-velocity method. As of 1 April 2024, there are 5,653 confirmed exoplanets in 4,161 planetary systems, with 896 systems having more than one planet. This is a list of the most notable discoveries.
Planet Hunters is a citizen science project to find exoplanets using human eyes. It does this by having users analyze data from the NASA Kepler space telescope and the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. It was launched by a team led by Debra Fischer at Yale University, as part of the Zooniverse project.
GJ 357 is an M-type main sequence star with an unusually low starspot activity. It is located 31 light-years from the Solar System. The system is part of the Hydra constellation.
TOI-677 b is a confirmed "warm" super-Jupiter exoplanet orbiting TOI-677, its host star, in the Ophiuchus constellation, about 466 ly (143 pc) away from Earth. The planet was discovered by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) using the transit method, in which the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured. Discovery of the exoplanet was announced on 13 November 2019.
TOI-700 is a red dwarf 101.4 light-years away from Earth located in the Dorado constellation that hosts TOI-700 d, the first Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).
TOI-561 is an old, metal-poor, Sun-like star, known to have multiple small planets. It is an orange dwarf, estimated to be 10.5 billion years old, and about 79% the mass and 85% the radius of Sol, Earth's sun.
L 98-59 is a bright M dwarf star, located in the constellation of Volans, at a distance of 10.608 parsecs, as measured by Gaia.
HD 260655 is a relatively bright and cool M0 V red dwarf star located 33 light-years away from the Solar System in the constellation of Gemini. HD 260655 has two confirmed rocky planets, named HD 260655 b and HD 260655 c, that were discovered in 2022. Both planets were detected by the TESS mission and confirmed independently with archival and new precise radial velocity data obtained with the HIRES observatory since 1998, and the CARMENES survey instruments since 2016.
TOI-1452 is a star system located in the constellation of Draco. It is a binary pair of dim red dwarf stars separated by only 96 astronomical units (AU). A notable feature of this system is the presence of an exoplanet around one of the stars, designated as TOI-1452 b. The secondary star is often distinguished from the first with the name "TOI-1760".
TOI-4603 b is a gas giant exoplanet orbiting HD 245134, a F-type subgiant star located 731 light-years away, in the constellation of Taurus. It orbits its host star at a distance of 0.0888 astronomical units (13,280,000 km), completing one orbit every 7 days around it. With a density of 14.1 g/cm3, it is one of the densest exoplanets known. The planet is just 4% larger than Jupiter, but is 12.9 times more massive, being located in the mass limit between planets and brown dwarfs.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cadieux, Charles; Doyon, René; et al. (June 27, 2022). "TOI-1452 b: SPIRou and TESS Reveal a Super-Earth in a Temperate Orbit Transiting an M4 Dwarf". The Astronomical Journal. 164:96 (3). American Astronomical Society (published August 12, 2022): 28pp. arXiv: 2208.06333 . Bibcode:2022AJ....164...96C. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ac7cea .
- ↑ Program, By Pat Brennan, NASA's Exoplanet Exploration. "Discovery Alert: Intriguing New 'Super-Earth' Could Get a Closer Look". Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ "The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — TOI-1452 b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia . Retrieved August 27, 2022.
- ↑ Cowing, Keith (August 24, 2022). "TOI-1452 b: An Extrasolar World Covered In Water?". Astrobiology. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
- ↑ DePresse, Salle (August 24, 2022). "An extrasolar world covered in water?". Université de Montréal . Retrieved September 2, 2022.
- ↑ Brennan, Pat (August 24, 2022). "Discovery Alert: Intriguing New 'Super-Earth' Could Get a Closer Look". NASA . Retrieved September 3, 2022.
- ↑ Anderson, Natali (August 24, 2022). "Water-World Super-Earth Found in Nearby Binary System | Sci.News". Sci.News: Breaking Science News. Retrieved August 27, 2022.
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