Kepler-90i

Kepler-90i

Illustration of the Kepler-90 system compared to the inner solar system. Kepler-90h is the outermost planet of the Kepler-90 system.
Discovery
Discovered by	Kepler spacecraft [1]
Discovery date	2017 Shallue et al. [2] [1]
Detection method	Transit [2] and deep learning, a class of machine learning algorithms. [1]
Orbital characteristics
Semi-major axis	0.107+0.025 −0.040 [1] AU
Orbital period (sidereal)	14.44912±0.00020 [2] d
Inclination	89.20 +0.59 −1.30 [2]
Star	Kepler-90
Physical characteristics
Mean radius	1.32±0.21 [2] REarth
Temperature	709 K (436 °C; 817 °F) [2]

Kepler-90i (also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation KOI-351.08) ^[2] is a super-Earth exoplanet with a radius 1.32 ^[2] times that of Earth, orbiting the early G-type main sequence star Kepler-90 every 14.45 days, discovered by NASA's Kepler spacecraft. ^{[1] [3]} It is located about 2,840 light-years (870 parsecs, or nearly 2.4078×10¹⁶ km) from Earth in the constellation Draco. The exoplanet is the eighth in the star's multiplanetary system. As of December 2017, Kepler-90 is the star hosting the most exoplanets found. Kepler-90i was found with the transit method, in which the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured, and by a newly utilized computer tool, deep learning, a class of machine learning algorithms. ^{[1] [4] [5]}

Characteristics

Mass, radius and temperature

Kepler-90i is a super-Earth exoplanet with a radius of 1.32 R_Earth, ^[2] indicating that it is small enough to be rocky. With an Earth-like composition, Kepler-90i would have a mass of about 2.3 M_Earth, since its volume is ${\displaystyle 1.32^{3}\approx 2.3}$ times that of Earth's. It has an equilibrium temperature of 709 K (436 °C; 817 °F), similar to the average temperature of Venus.

Host star

Main article: Kepler-90

The planet orbits Kepler-90, a G-type main sequence star. The star has a mass of 1.2 M_☉ and a radius 1.2 R_☉. It has a surface temperatures of 6080 K and has an estimated age of around 2 billion years, with considerable uncertainty. In comparison, the Sun is about 4.6 billion years old ^[6] and has a surface temperature of 5778 K. ^[7]

The star's apparent magnitude, or how bright it appears from Earth's perspective, is 14. It is too dim to be seen with the naked eye.

Orbital characteristics

Kepler-90i orbits its host star about every 14.45 days with a semi-major axis of 0.107 AU.

Due to its very close distance to its host star, it is likely to be tidally locked, meaning that one side permanently faces the star in eternal daylight and the other side permanently faces away from the star in eternal darkness.

Discovery

In 2009, NASA's Kepler spacecraft was observing stars on its photometer, the instrument it uses to detect transit events, in which a planet crosses in front of and dims its host star for a brief and roughly regular period of time. In its last test, Kepler observed 50000 stars in the Kepler Input Catalog, including Kepler-90; the preliminary light curves were sent to the Kepler science team for analysis, who chose obvious planetary companions from the bunch for follow-up at observatories. Discovery of the exoplanet was aided by a newly utilized computer tool, deep learning, a class of machine learning algorithms. ^{[1] [4]}

Artist's impression of the planets of the Kepler-90 exoplanetary system compared to the eight planets of the Solar System.

See also

• Kepler-80g

References

1. Shallue, Christopher J.; Vanderburg, Andrew (16 December 2017). "Identifying Exoplanets With Deep Learning: A Five Planet Resonant Chain Around Kepler-80 And An Eighth Planet Around Kepler-90" (PDF). Retrieved 14 December 2017.
2. "Kepler-90 i". NASA Exoplanet Archive. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
3. St. Fleur, Nicholas (14 December 2017). "An 8th Planet Is Found Orbiting a Distant Star, With A.I.'s Help". The New York Times . Retrieved 15 December 2017.
4. Chou, Felecia; Hawkes, Alison; Northon, Karen (14 December 2017). "Release 17-098 – Artificial Intelligence, NASA Data Used to Discover Eighth Planet Circling Distant Star". NASA . Retrieved 14 December 2017.
5. Chou, Felicia; Hawkes, Alison; Landau, Elizabeth (14 December 2017). "Artificial Intelligence, NASA Data Used to Discover Eighth Planet Circling Distant Star". NASA . Retrieved 15 December 2017.
6. Cain, Fraser (16 September 2008). "How Old is the Sun?". Universe Today . Retrieved 14 December 2017.
7. Cain, Fraser (15 September 2008). "Temperature of the Sun". Universe Today . Retrieved 14 December 2017.