List of directly imaged exoplanets

Motion interpolation of seven images of the HR 8799 system taken from the W. M. Keck Observatory over seven years, featuring four exoplanets

This is a list of extrasolar planets that have been directly observed, sorted by observed separations. This method works best for young planets that emit infrared light and are far from the glare of the star. Currently, this list includes both directly imaged planets and imaged planetary-mass companions (objects that orbit a star but formed through a binary-star-formation process, not a planet-formation process). This list does not include free-floating planetary-mass objects in star-forming regions or young associations, which are also referred to as rogue planets.

The data given for each planet is taken from the latest published paper on the planet to have that data. In many cases it is not possible to have an exact value, and an estimated range is instead provided. The coldest and oldest planet directly imaged are Epsilon Indi Ab and 14 Herculis c, which have six times Jupiter's mass, an effective temperature of 275 K, an age of about 3.5 Ga and eight times Jupiter's mass, an effective temperature of 275 K, an age of about 4.6 Ga, respectively. This list includes the four members of the multi-planet system that orbit HR 8799.

It is unlikely or at least unclear if objects on a wide orbit (≥100 AU) formed in circumstellar disks and these objects are therefore more often referred as planetary-mass companions. ^{[1] [2] [3]} Only in rare cases, such as for HD 106906 b, the formation of the object in the disk is seen plausible.

Key

Exoplanets have been discovered using several different methods for collecting or combining direct images to isolate planets from the background light of their star. Non-Redundant Aperture Masking Interferometry is a method of combining the views of multiple telescopes into a single image, while the other methods are algorithms for combining multiple direct images taken from the same telescope.

• ADI = Angular Differential Imaging
• KLIP = Karhunen–Loève Image Processing
• LOCI = Locally Optimized Combination of Images
• NRM = Non-Redundant Aperture Masking Interferometry
• RSDI = Reference Star Differential Imaging
• SDI = Spectral Differential Imaging
• TLOCI = Template Locally Optimized Combination of Images

Exoplanets

Although listed in the table below, the identities of Alpha Centauri candidate 1, Proxima Centauri c, FW Tau b, 2MASS J044144 b, CVSO 30 c, HD 100546 b and YSES 2b are disputed. They may not actually be true exoplanets.   †   There is no consensus whether these companions of stars should be considered sub-brown dwarfs or planets Check https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/imaging.html to see more directly imaged planets. It contains an updated table of all of them.

Star	Exoplanet	Image	Mass (MJ)	Radius (RJ)	Period (yr)	Observed separation (AU)	Eccentricity	Distance to Earth (ly)	Year of Imaging confirmation	Year of discovery	Year of first image	Imaging technique	Ref(s).
WISE 0146+4234	WISE 0146+4234 B†		10 ±4		10	0.93+0.12 −0.16		63	2015			AO
WISE J0336-0143	WISE J0336-0143 B†		4-12.5		5-9	0.97+0.05 −0.09		32.7 ± 0.7	2023	2023	2022	source subtraction	[4]
Alpha Centauri A	Alpha Centauri Ab (?)		0.11±0.05	0.459±0.17	~1	1.1		4.37	2021
Proxima Centauri	Proxima Centauri c (?)		0.038+0.038 −0.016		5.28 ± 0.05	1.489 ± 0.049	0.04 ± 0.01	4.2465 ± 0.0003		2020	2018	Direct Imaging	[5] [6] [7]
CFBDSIR J145829+101343	CFBDSIR J145829+101343 b		10.5±4.5		27.5±7.5	2.6±0.3		104 ± 8	2011	2011	2010	Direct imaging	[8] [9]
HD 206893	HD 206893 c		12.7+1.2 −1.0	1.46+0.18 −0.06	5.7	3.53+0.08 −0.06	0.41±0.03	133.0 ± 0.2	2023	2023	2021	interferometry	[10]
	HD 206893 B†		28.0+2.2 −2.1	1.25±0.02	26	9.6+0.4 −0.3	0.14±0.05		2016	2016	2015	ADI, PCA	[11] [10]
WISE 1217+1626	WISE 1217+1626 A b		22 ± 2	0.934 ± 0.029	130-210	8.0 ± 1.3		30.4 ± 1.0		2012	2012	Direct imaging	[12]
AF Leporis	AF Lep b		3.74+0.53 −0.50	1.30 ± 0.15	24.38+1.1 −0.41	9.01+0.20 −0.19	0.031+0.027 −0.020	87.55 ± 0.05	2023	2023	2011	Direct imaging	[13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]
Beta Pictoris	Beta Pictoris b		12.7±0.3	1.46±0.01	22.47+3.77 −2.26	10.018+0.082 −0.076	0.08+0.09 −0.05	63.4±0.1	2010	2008	2003	RSDI	[19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]
LP 852-7	WD 1202–232 b		1-7		50	11.47		34		2024	2023	PSF-subtraction	[26]
51 Eridani	51 Eridani b		9.1+4.9 −3.3	1.11+0.16 −0.14	32+17 −9	12+4 −2	0.45+0.10 −0.15	96.0 ± 1.0	2015	2015	2014	ADI, KLIP	[27] [28] [29] [30]
HR 8799	HR 8799 e		9.6+1.9 −1.8	1.17+0.13 −0.11	49	14.5	0.14	133.3 ± 0.2	2010	2010	2009	ADI, LOCI	[31] [32] [33]
	HR 8799 d		9.2 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	100	24.5	0.09	133.3 ± 0.2	2008	2008	2008	ADI, LOCI	[34] [35]
	HR 8799 c		8.5 ± 0.4	1.2 ± 0.1	189	37.4	0.24	133.3 ± 0.2	2008	2008	2004/ 2007	ADI, LOCI	[34] [35]
	HR 8799 b		6.0 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.1	474	69.2	0.17	133.3 ± 0.2	2008	2008	2004/ 2007	ADI, LOCI	[34] [35]
2M J044144	2M J044144 b†		9.8 ± 1.8			15 ± 0.6		400 ± 10	2010	2010	2008	Direct imaging	[36] [37]
WISE 1711+3500	WISE 1711+3500 B		8.1-26		280-430	15 ± 2		75 ± 3		2012	2012	laser AO	[12]
29 Cygni	HIP 99770 b		17+6 −5	1.5 ± 0.3	51.0+17.0 −7.8	15.8+1.7 −1.0	0.31+0.06 −0.12	132.9 ± 0.4	2023	2022	2021	ALOCI	[38] [39]
HD 135344A	HD 135344Ab		10.0+1.4 −1.9	1.45+0.06 −0.03 –1.60+0.07 −0.06		16.5+2.8 −2.0	0.5±0.2	440 ± 1	2025	2025	2019	coronagraph and interferometry	[40]
HIP 21152	HIP 21152 b		24+6 −4		60.3	17+5 −4	0.36+0.37 −0.25	141	2022			Direct imaging	[41]
14 Herculis	14 Herculis c		7.9+1.6 −1.2	1.03 ± 0.01	143 ± 3	20.0+12.0 −4.9	0.52+0.16 −0.12	58.38 ± 0.03	2025	2006 (RV)	2024	coronagraph	[42] [43] [44]
HR 2562	HR 2562 b		8-18.5	1.11±0.11		20.3±0.3		111	2016			Direct imaging	[45]
PDS 70	PDS 70 b		6+6 −4	1.96+0.20 −0.17	123.5+9.8 −4.9	20.7+1.4 −1.2	0.16+0.12 −0.01	366.6 ± 0.8	2018	2018	2012/ 2016	ADI, TLOCI	[46] [47] [48]
	PDS 70 c		9+9 −6	1.98+0.39 −0.31	191.5+15.8 −31.5	33.9+1.7 −2.1	0.042+0.027 −0.030	366.6 ± 0.8	2019	2019	2016/ 2018	SDI	[49] [47] [48]
HIP 81208 C	HIP 81208 Cb†		14.8±0.4		285.00+293.67 −112.07	23.04+13.88 −6.55	0.23+0.13 −0.15	477 ± 3	2023	2023	2019	PACO ASDI	[50]
PZ Telescopii	PZ Telescopii b		27+25 −9	2.42+0.28 −0.34	120.5	27+14 −4	0.52+0.36 −0.32	154.1 ± 0.2	2010	2010	2007/ 2009	Direct imaging, radial velocity	[51] [52] [53] [54]
Epsilon Indi A	Epsilon Indi Ab		7.29+0.60 −0.61	1.08 [a]	180+32 −31	28.4+10 −7.2	0.40	11.867 ± 0.004	2024	2019 (RV)/ 2002 (RV)	2019/ 2023	coronagraphic images	[55] [56] [57] [58] [59]
LAWD 83	WD 2105–82 b		1-2		243	34.62		52.7		2024	2023	PSF-subtraction	[26]
HD 169142	HD 169142 b		3 ± 2			37.2		375 ± 1	2023	2019	2015	pseudo-ADI, PDI, ASDI, ADI	[60] [61]
59 Virginis	Gliese 504 b†		1-17	1.08+0.04 −0.03		43.5		57.4 ± 0.1	2013	2013	2011	ADI, LOCI	[62] [63]
2M1207	2M1207b †		5.5 ± 0.5	1.13	>2029	≥49.8 ± 1.1		211 ± 2	2005	2004	2004	Direct imaging	[64] [65] [66]
CE Antliae	TWA 7b		0.3		550	52		111.2 ± 0.1		2025	2024	Direct imaging	[67]
2MASS J01225093-2439505	2MASS J01225093-2439505 b		24.5±2.5	1.0		52		110	2013			Direct imaging
KR Muscae	HD 100546 b		1.65-25	3.4		53 ± 2		353 ± 1		2013	2011	Direct imaging	[68] [69] [70]
TYC 5709-354-1	WISPIT 2b		5.3 ± 1.0	1.6 ± 0.2		54		437 ± 1	2025	2025	2023	Direct imaging	[71] [72]
Kappa Andromedae	Kappa Andromedae b		13+12 −2		242–900	55	0.69–0.85	168.0	2013			ADI, LOCI
HD 95086	HD 95086 b		5.0		?	56	?	295	2013			ADI, LOCI
HD 143811AB	HD 143811 AB b		6.1+0.7 −0.9		319+248 −86	63+30 −12	0.19±0.12	446±1	2025	2025	2016	Coronagraphic imaging	[73] [74]
Delorme 1 (AB)	Delorme 1 (AB) b†		12-14			84		154	2013			AO	[75] [76]
HIP 65426	HIP 65426 b		6-12	1.5	600	92		363	2017			ADI, TLOCI	[77] [78]
AB Aurigae	AB Aurigae b		9-20	<2.75		93	0.19-0.60	509 ± 3	2022	2022	2007/ 2016	ADI/RSDI, ALOCI	[79] [80]
MWC 758	MWC 758 c					100		508 ± 2		2019	2016	Direct imaging	[81] [82]
GQ Lupi	GQ Lupi b		1–36	3.7		114 ± 33		495 ± 4	2005	2004	1994/ 1999	Direct imaging	[83] [84] [85]
YSES 2	YSES 2 b†		6.3+1.6 −0.9			115		359	2021			reference star image subtraction	[86]
2MASS J04372171+2651014	2M0437 b		3-5			118		418	2021			AO	[87]
ROXs 42B	ROXs 42Bb		10+8 −4	2.10 ± 0.35	1968	157		440 ± 16	2013	2005	2005/ 2011	Speckle Imaging & Direct imaging	[88] [89] [90] [91]
2MASS J02192210-3925225	2MASS J02192210-3925225 b		13.9±1.1	1.44±0.03		160		131	2015			Direct imaging	[92]
TYC 8998-760-1	TYC 8998-760-1 b †		14±3			160		309	2020			imaging + coronagraph	[93]
	TYC 8998-760-1 c		6±1			320			2020				[94]
NIRISS-NGC1333-10	NIRISS-NGC1333-10 B		~15			164		978		2024	2023	direct imaging +slitless spectroscopy	[95]
AB Pictoris	AB Pictoris b†		10±1	1.57 - 1.8		190		163.5 ± 0.1	2005	2005	2003	Imaging+ coronagraph	[96] [97] [98]
CFHTWIR-Oph 98	CFHTWIR-Oph 98 b		7.8+0.7 −0.8	1.86±0.05	~22000	200±6		447	2021			Direct imaging
CHXR 73	CHXR 73 b		12.6+8.4 −5.2			210		620 ± 20		2006	2005	Direct imaging	[99]
ROXs 12	ROXs 12 b		16±4			214	0.83	452	2013			Direct imaging
2MASS J22362452+4751425	2M2236+4751 b†		11-14			230		205	2017			AO	[100]
Mu2 Scorpii	Mu2 Scorpii b†l		14.4±0.8			242.4	0.56	474	2022			Direct imaging
Ophiuchi 11	Ophiuchi 11 b		21 ± 3		20000	243 ± 55		430 ± 20	2006	2006	2005	Direct imaging	[101] [102] [103]
GSC 6214-00210	GSC 6214-00210 b†		17 ± 3	1.91 ± 0.07		320		355	2011	2008	2007	NRM	[104] [105] [106] [103] [107]
FW Tauri	FW Tauri b†		10±4 or star [108]		~12000 [109]	330	?	472.93 [110]	2013			Direct imaging	[111] [112]
DH Tauri	DH Tauri b†		11 ± 3	2.7 ± 0.8		330		441 ± 4	2005	2004	1999	Coronagraph, AO	[113] [114]
1RXS J1609	1RXS 1609 b†		14+2 −3	1.7	6518	331.1	0.08	450 ± 1	2010	2008	2008	Direct imaging	[115] [116] [103]
WISPIT 1AB	WISPIT 1b		10.4+1.1 −0.8			338		746	2025	2025	2022	Direct imaging	[117]
	WISPIT 1c		5.3+1.1 −0.6			840		746	2025	2025	2022	Direct imaging	[117]
HIP 79098 AB	HIP 79098 AB b		20.5±4.5			345±6		500	2019			Direct imaging
VHS 1256-1257	VHS 1256 b †		16 ± 1 / 12.0 ± 0.1	1.22 / 1.30	16000+7000 −10000	350+110 −150	0.68+0.11 −0.10	69.0 ± 0.7	2015	2015	2011	Direct imaging	[118] [119]
HD 203030	HD 203030 B		11+4 −3	1.27+0.06 −0.04		487		128.2 ± 0.3	2006	2006	2002	SDI	[120] [121]
CT Chamaeleontis	CT Chamaeleontis b†		17±6	2.20+0.81 −0.60		507		625 ± 3	2008	2007	2006	Direct imaging	[122]
b Centauri	b Centauri b		10.9±1.6			556		330	2021			coronagraph+ classical angular differential imaging	[123]
HD 106906	HD 106906 b†		11±2			650		300	2013			ADI
CVSO 30	CVSO 30 c†		4.7+5.5 −2.0	1.63+0.87 −0.34	27000	660		1140 ± 30		2016	2010	Direct imaging	[124]
USco CTIO 108	USco CTIO 108 b		16±2			670		473 ± 6		2007	2007	Direct imaging	[125] [103]
2MASS J23225240-6151114	2MASS J23225299-6151275		12.6-13.3 [126]			705		138.4	2014			Direct imaging	[127] [128]
FU Tauri	FU Tauri b		19 ± 4	3.2 ± 0.3		719		429 ± 8	2009	2008	2007	Direct imaging	[129] [130]
2M1006(ABC)	2M1006(ABC) b		3-5			730 ± 10		444		2025	2018	Direct imaging (candidate)	[131]
HIP 78530	HIP 78530 b		28 ± 10	1.83+0.16 −0.14	12000	740 ± 60		445.8+4.87 −4.77	2011	2010	2000/ 2008	Direct imaging	[132] [133]
HN Pegasi	HN Pegasi b		22 ± 9.4	1.05+0.14 −0.06		795 ± 15.0		59.14 ± 0.04	2007	2006	2006	Direct imaging	[134]
SR 12	SR 12(AB) c†		11 ± 3	2.38+0.27 −0.32		980		370 ± 20	2011	2011	1998/ 2002	Direct imaging	[135] [107] [2]
2MASS J05581644–4501559	2MASS J0558 B		6-12			1043		87.93 ± 0.03	2024	2019	2010	Direct imaging	[136] [137]
Ross 458	Ross 458(AB) c†		27 ± 4	1.45 ± 0.06	33081	1167.7	0.17	37.53 ± 0.05	2010	2010	≥2005/ 2009	Direct imaging	[138] [139] [140]
BD+60 1417	BD+60 1417b†		13.47±5.67	1.31±0.06		1662		144±13	2021			Direct imaging	[141]
SE 70	S Ori 68		5			1700 ± 300		1290		2006	2001	Direct imaging	[142]
UPM J1040-3551 Aa/Ab	CWISE J104053.42–355029.7 Ba/Bb		11.5-34.6 & 9.4-28.3			1700		82.5	2024	2024		Direct imaging	[143] [144] [145]
2MASS J0249-0557AB	2MASS J0249-0557c†		11.6+1.3 −1.0			1950		159	2018			Direct imaging	[3]
GU Piscium	GU Piscium b†		11±2		163000	2000		155	2014			Direct imaging
LOri 167	LOri 167B		8+5 −1			2000		1300		2007	1999	Direct imaging	[146]
GSC 00568-01752	SDSS J2249+0044AB		12.5±0.2 (for single object)			2264 & 17 ± 5		146.7	2010 (motion)/ 2024 (mass)	2010	2006	Direct imaging	[147] [148] [126]
WD 0806-661	WD 0806-661 B†		7–9	1.17 ± 0.07		2500		62.73 ± 0.02	2011	2011	2004	Direct imaging	[149] [150] [151]
USco1621 A	USco1621 b		16±2			2880 ±20		452	2019			Direct imaging	[152]
USco1556 A	USco1556 b		15±2			3500 ±40		461	2019			Direct imaging	[152]
L 34-26	COCONUTS-2b†		6.3+1.5 −1.9	1.1±0.03	~1100000	6471		35.51±0.01	2021	2011		Direct imaging	[153]
TYC 9486-927-1	2MASS J2126–8140		13.3±1.7		~900000	6684	?	80.72±13.86	2016			Direct imaging	[154]
GJ 900	CW2335+0142		10.5			12000		68.00 ± 0.03	2024	2024		Direct imaging	[143]
BD+29 5007	2MASS J2351+3010		11.9+0.40 −0.20			22106		77.12 ± 0.03	2024	2016	2005	Direct imaging	[155] [156] [148] [126] [157]

See also

• Lists of exoplanets
• List of largest exoplanets
• List of nearest exoplanets
• List of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates
• List of potentially habitable exoplanets
• List of stars with resolved images

Notes

1. Calculated, using the Stefan-Boltzmann law and the planet's effective temperature and luminosity, with respect to the solar nominal effective temperature of 5,772  K:$${\displaystyle {\sqrt {{\biggl (}{\frac {5,772}{275}}{\biggr )}^{4}\cdot 10^{-7.2}}}=0.1106\ R_{\odot }.}$$

References

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External links

• "Candidates detected by imaging". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia . 1995. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
• "Exoplanets Data Explorer" . Retrieved 2 March 2011.
• https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1624a/ - Retrieved 2016-06-16