List of stars with resolved images

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The following is a list of stars with resolved images, that is, stars whose images have been resolved beyond a point source.[ clarification needed ] Aside from the Sun, observed from Earth, stars are exceedingly small in apparent size, requiring the use of special high-resolution equipment and techniques to image. For example, Betelgeuse, the first star other than the Sun to be directly imaged, has an angular diameter of only 50  milliarcseconds (mas). [1]

Contents

List

List of stars with resolved images
Star ImageDiameterDistance
(ly)		First imagerYearNotes
Angular (mas)Geometric (Sun = 1)
Sun Sun white.jpg 200000010.0000158 Louis Fizeau and Léon Foucault [2] 1845
Altair
α Aql		 Altair PR image6 (white).jpg 3.21.66±0.01 (polar)
2.02±0.01 (equator)		16.77±0.08 CHARA array – MIRC [3] 2006
Rasalhague
α Oph A		1.62±0.032.39±0.01 (polar)
2.87±0.02 (equator)		48.6±0.8 CHARA array – MIRC [4] 2006
Alderamin
α Cep		1.35±0.02 (polar)
1.75±0.03 (equator)		2.20±0.04 (polar)
2.74±0.04 (equator)		48.8±0.36 CHARA array – MIRC [4] 2006
Caph
β Cas		1.70±0.043.1±0.1 (polar)
3.8±0.1 (equator)		54.7±0.3 CHARA array – MIRC [5] 2007
Regulus
α Leo Aa		1.24±0.023.2±0.1 (polar)
4.2±0.1 (equator)		79.3±0.7 CHARA array – MIRC [5] 2008
Algol
β Per Aa1		 Algol AB movie imaged with the CHARA interferometer - labeled.gif
Algol triple star system imaged with the CHARA interferometer.jpg 		0.88±0.054.1393±2 CHARA array – MIRC [6] 2006stationary object in the animation
β Per Aa21.12±0.073orbiting object in the animation
β Per Ab0.56±0.100.9Observed radius of Algol Ab is an instrumental artifact, caused by bandwidth smearing.
Actual radius is 1.73 ± 0.33 R☉.
Alkaid
η UMa		0.834±0.0602.86±0.21103.9±0.8 CHARA array [7] 2012
Markab
α Peg		1.052±0.0664.62±0.29133±1 CHARA array [7] 2012
Elnath
β Tau		1.09±0.0764.82±0.34134±2 CHARA array [7] 2012
ζ And Aa2.502±0.00815.0±0.8 (polar)189±3 CFHT [8] [9] 1996First direct imaging of starspots on a star outside the Solar System.
R Dor R Doradus ESO.jpg 57±5370±50204±9 New Technology Telescope [10] 19932nd largest known star by apparent diameter in Earth's sky, after the Sun.
Mira
ο Cet A		 Mira 1997.jpg 50up to 700420 Hubble – FOC [11] 1997[ citation needed ]
T Lep T Leporis.jpg 5.8
15 for molecular layer		100500 Very Large Telescope – VLTI [12] /AMBER [13] 2009[ citation needed ]
π1 Gru The surface of the red giant star p1 Gruis from PIONIER on the VLT.jpg 18.37[ citation needed ]694530 Very Large Telescope – VLTI/PIONIER [14] 2017[ citation needed ]First directly observed granulation patterns on a star's surface outside the Solar System.
Antares
α Sco A		 VLTI reconstructed view of the surface of Antares.jpg 41.3±0.1700620 Very Large Telescope – VLTI/AMBER [15] 2017[ citation needed ]
Betelgeuse
α Ori		 Betelgeuse captured by ALMA.jpg 50630643±146 Hubble – GHRS [1] 1995First star with a resolved image outside the Solar System.
Sheliak
β Lyr Aa		 Beta Lyrae - CHARA.gif 0.466960±50 CHARA array – MIRC [16] 2007Both Aa1 and Aa2 are visible in the animation.
θ1 Ori C GRAVITY discovers new double star in Orion Trapezium Cluster.jpg 0.210.6±1.51400 Very Large Telescope – AMBER [17] 2009In the image, the right inset is θ1 Ori C and the left inset is θ1 Ori F.
θ1 Ori F Very Large Telescope – GRAVITY (VLTI) [18] 2016[ citation needed ]
Almaaz
ε Aur A		2.273.7±0.7ca. 2000 CHARA array – MIRC [19] 2009Supergiant with an eclipsing companion surrounded by a massive, opaque debris disk
RW Cephei RW Cep CHARA array.png 2.45900–176011000+4600
−2600–22000+5200
−3300		 CHARA array – MIRC-X and MYSTIC [20] 2022Hypergiant star currently undergoing a great dimming event
HR 5171 Aa HR 5171 A potw1740a.png 4.1±0.81575±40011740±1630 Very Large Telescope – VLTI/PIONIER [21] 2014 Eclipsing and potential contact binary yellow hypergiant

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Algol</span> Eclipsing variable star in the constellation Perseus

Algol, designated Beta Persei, known colloquially as the Demon Star, is a bright multiple star in the constellation of Perseus and one of the first non-nova variable stars to be discovered.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Altair</span> Brightest star in the constellation Aquila

Altair is the brightest star in the constellation of Aquila and the twelfth-brightest star in the night sky. It has the Bayer designation Alpha Aquilae, which is Latinised from α Aquilae and abbreviated Alpha Aql or α Aql. Altair is an A-type main-sequence star with an apparent visual magnitude of 0.77 and is one of the vertices of the Summer Triangle asterism; the other two vertices are marked by Deneb and Vega. It is located at a distance of 16.7 light-years from the Sun. Altair is currently in the G-cloud—a nearby interstellar cloud, an accumulation of gas and dust.

16 Cygni or 16 Cyg is the Flamsteed designation of a triple star system approximately 69 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus. It consists of two Sun-like yellow dwarf stars, 16 Cygni A and 16 Cygni B, together with a red dwarf, 16 Cygni C. In 1996 an extrasolar planet was discovered in an eccentric orbit around 16 Cygni B.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alcor (star)</span> Star in the constellation of Ursa Major

Alcor is a binary star system in the constellation of Ursa Major. It is the fainter companion of Mizar, the two stars forming a naked eye double in the handle of the Big Dipper asterism in Ursa Major. The two both lie about 83 light-years away from the Sun, as measured by the Hipparcos astrometry satellite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CHARA array</span> Optical interferometer, located on Mount Wilson, California

The CHARA array is an optical interferometer, located on Mount Wilson, California. The array consists of six 1-metre (40 in) telescopes operating as an astronomical interferometer. Construction was completed in 2003. CHARA is owned by Georgia State University (GSU).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mu Andromedae</span> Binary star in the constellation Andromeda

Mu Andromedae is the Bayer designation for a star in the northern constellation of Andromeda. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 3.87, making it readily visible to the naked eye. Based upon parallax measurements, it is approximately 130 light-years from Earth. In the constellation, the star is situated about halfway between the bright star Mirach to the southwest and the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) to the northeast.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zeta Andromedae</span> Star system in the constellation Andromeda

Zeta Andromedae is a star system in the constellation Andromeda. It is approximately 189 light-years from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RT Aurigae</span> Star in the constellation Auriga

RT Aurigae is a yellow supergiant variable star in the constellation Auriga, about 1,500 light years from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phi Persei</span> Star in the constellation Perseus

Phi Persei is a class B2Vep fourth-magnitude star in the constellation Perseus, location about 720 light-years from Earth.

HD 122563 is an extremely metal-poor red giant star, and the brightest metal-poor star in the sky. Its low heavy element content was first recognized by spectroscopic analysis in 1963. For more than twenty years it was the most metal-poor star known, being more metal-poor than any known globular cluster, and it is the most accessible example of an extreme population II or Halo star.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Omicron Draconis</span> Variable star in the constellation Draco

Omicron Draconis is a giant star in the constellation Draco located 322.93 light years from the Earth. Its path in the night sky is circumpolar for latitudes greater than 31o north, meaning the star never rises or sets when viewed in the night sky.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HD 140283</span> Star in the constellation Libra

HD 140283 is a metal-poor subgiant star about 200 light years away from the Earth in the constellation Libra, near the boundary with Ophiuchus in the Milky Way Galaxy. Its apparent magnitude is 7.205, so it can be seen with binoculars. It is one of the oldest stars known.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RS Persei</span> Star in the constellation Perseus

RS Persei is a red supergiant variable star located in the Double Cluster in Perseus. The star's apparent magnitude varies from 7.82 to 10.0, meaning it is never visible to the naked eye.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">T Persei</span> Star in the constellation Perseus

T Persei is a red supergiant located in the constellation Perseus. It varies in brightness between magnitudes 8.3 and 9.7 and is considered to be a member of the Double Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RY Tauri</span> Star in the constellation Taurus

RY Tauri is a young T Tauri star in the constellation of Taurus about 450 light years away, belonging to the Taurus Molecular Cloud. It is more massive than typical T Tauri stars, and may be an intermediate between this class and the Herbig Ae/Be star type.

Gliese 514, also known as BD+11 2576 or HIP 65859, is a M-type main-sequence star, in the constellation Virgo 24.85 light-years away from the Sun. The proximity of Gliese 514 to the Sun was known exactly since 1988.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">V1334 Cygni</span> Variable star in the constellation Cygnus

V1334 Cygni, also referred to as ADS 14859 and HR 8157 in astronomical literature, is a star about 2350±25 light years from the Earth in the constellation Cygnus. It is a 5th magnitude star, which will be faintly visible to the naked eye of an observer located far from city lights. It is a classical Cepheid variable star, ranging in brightness from magnitude 5.77 to 5.96 over a period of 3.332816 days. V1334 Cygni is an important calibrator for models of Cepheid variables, because its presence in triple star system with a close binary pair has allowed its distance to be measured geometrically with 1% accuracy.

References

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  2. ↑ "NASA – Sun–Earth Day – Technology Through Time". NASA . 2006. Retrieved 2022-11-24.
  3. ↑ J.D. Monnier; et al. (2007). "Imaging the Surface of Altair". Science. 317 (5836): 342–5. arXiv: 0706.0867 . Bibcode:2007Sci...317..342M. doi:10.1126/science.1143205. PMID   17540860. S2CID   4615273.
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  7. 1 2 3 Gordon, Kathryn D.; Gies, Douglas R.; Schaefer, Gail H.; Huber, Daniel; Ireland, Michael (7 March 2019). "Angular Sizes, Radii, and Effective Temperatures of B-type Stars from Optical Interferometry with the CHARA Array". The Astrophysical Journal. 873 (1): 91. Bibcode:2019ApJ...873...91G. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab04b2 . eISSN   1538-4357. S2CID   125181833.
  8. ↑ Kővári, Zs.; Bartus, J.; Strassmeier, K. G.; Oláh, K.; Weber, M.; Rice, J. B.; Washuettl, A. (2007). "Doppler imaging of stellar surface structure. XXIII. The ellipsoidal K giant binary ζ Andromedae". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 463 (3): 1071. arXiv: 1301.0445 . Bibcode:2007A&A...463.1071K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20065982.
  9. ↑ Roettenbacher, R.M.; Monnier, J.D.; Korhonen, H.; Aarnio, A.N.; Baron, F.; Che, X.; Harmon, R.O.; Kővári, Zs.; Kraus, S.; Schaefer, G.H.; Torres, G.; Zhao, M.; Ten Brummelaar, T.A.; Sturmann, J.; Sturmann, L. (2016). "No Sun-like dynamo on the active star ζ Andromedae from starspot asymmetry". Nature. 533 (7602): 217–220. arXiv: 1709.10107 . Bibcode:2016Natur.533..217R. doi:10.1038/nature17444. PMID   27144357. S2CID   4466687.
  10. ↑ "The Biggest Star in the Sky". ESO. March 11, 1997. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
  11. ↑ "Hubble Separates Stars in the Mira Binary System". HubbleSite. 6 August 1997. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  12. ↑ "Hundred metre virtual telescope captures unique detailed colour image". European Southern Observatory. 18 February 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  13. ↑ J.-B. Le Bouquin, S. Lacour, S. Renard, E. Thiébaut, A. Merand, T. Verhoelst, Pre-maximum spectro-imaging of the Mira star T Leporis with AMBER/VLTI, Astronomy and Astrophysics Volume 496, Number 1, March II 2009, L1–L4.
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  20. ↑ Anugu, Narsireddy; Baron, Fabien; Gies, Douglas R.; Lanthermann, Cyprien; Schaefer, Gail H.; Shepard, Katherine A.; ten Brummelaar, Theo; Monnier, John D.; Kraus, Stefan; Le Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste; Davies, Claire L.; Ennis, Jacob; Gardner, Tyler; Labdon, Aaron; Roettenbacher, Rachael M.; Setterholm, Benjamin R.; Vollmann, Wolfgang; Sigismondi, Constantino (July 2023). "The Great Dimming of the hypergiant star RW Cephei: CHARA Array images and spectral analysis". The Astronomical Journal. 166 (2): 78. arXiv: 2307.04926 . Bibcode:2023AJ....166...78A. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ace59d. S2CID   259766495.
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