List of most distant stars

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This is a list of the most distant individually seen stars discovered.

List

List of most distant individually seen stars
StarRedshiftDistance (Mpc)DiscoveryNotes
WHL0137-LS (Earendel)6.2±0.1 [1] 8,6002022The most distant known star as of 2023.
MACS J0647.7+7015 LS14.8 [2] 7,8302023
MACS J0647.7+7015 LS2
Abell 2744 LS12.65 [3] 6,1102022
Godzilla 2.38 [4] 5,7802022The most luminous known star.
Quyllur 2.1878 [5] 5,5402023First red supergiant at cosmological distances.
Mothra 2.091 [6] 5,4002023A binary consisting of a yellow supergiant or yellow hypergiant and a Blue supergiant.
MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1 1.49 [7] 4,4102018The most distant known star prior to the discovery of Earendel.
Warhol0.94 [8] 3,0002014Transient, extremely luminous O-type star or a Large Wolf-Rayet star [9]
AT 2022zmn 0.019 [10] 842022 Luminous blue variable.
AT 2022oku 0.018 [11] 792022 Luminous blue variable.
AT 2018kle 0.012505 [12] 552018 Luminous blue variable.
SDSS J1229+1122 0.00012717
[ clarification needed ]		2013 Blue supergiant.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hubble's law</span> Observation in physical cosmology

Hubble's law, also known as the Hubble–Lemaître law, is the observation in physical cosmology that galaxies are moving away from Earth at speeds proportional to their distance. In other words, the farther a galaxy is from the Earth, the faster it moves away. A galaxy's recessional velocity is typically determined by measuring its redshift, a shift in the frequency of light emitted by the galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reionization</span> Cosmological process in the early universe

In the fields of Big Bang theory and cosmology, reionization is the process that caused electrically neutral atoms in the universe to reionize after the lapse of the "dark ages". Detecting and studying the reionization process is challenging but multiple avenues have been pursued. This reionization was driven by the formation of the first stars and galaxies.

Rychard J. Bouwens is an associate professor at Leiden University. He is also a former member of the Advanced Camera for Surveys Guaranteed Time Observation team and postdoctoral research astronomer at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He obtained his bachelor's degree in physics, chemistry, and mathematics from Hope College. He then went on to earn his Ph.D. in physics at the University of California, Berkeley under the supervision of Joseph Silk and also worked with Tom Broadhurst.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lyman-break galaxy</span> Star-forming galaxies at high redshift

Lyman-break galaxies are star-forming galaxies at high redshift that are selected using the differing appearance of the galaxy in several imaging filters due to the position of the Lyman limit. The technique has primarily been used to select galaxies at redshifts of z = 3–4 using ultraviolet and optical filters, but progress in ultraviolet astronomy and in infrared astronomy has allowed the use of this technique at lower and higher redshifts using ultraviolet and near-infrared filters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MACS0647-JD</span> One of the farthest known galaxies from the Earth in the constellation Camelopardalis

MACS0647-JD is a galaxy with a redshift of about z = 10.7, equivalent to a light travel distance of 13.26 billion light-years. If the distance estimate is correct, it formed about 427 million years after the Big Bang.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MACS J0647.7+7015</span> Galaxy cluster in the constellation Camelopardalis

MACS J0647.7+7015 is a galaxy cluster with a redshift z = 0.592, located at J2000.0 right ascension 06h 47m 42s declination +70° 15′. It lies between the Big Dipper and Little Dipper in the constellation Camelopardalis. It is part of a sample of 12 extreme galaxy clusters at z > 0.5 discovered by the MAssive Cluster Survey (MACS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SN Refsdal</span> Supernova that has been lensed

SN Refsdal is the first detected multiply-lensed supernova, visible within the field of the galaxy cluster MACS J1149+2223. It was named after Norwegian astrophysicist Sjur Refsdal, who, in 1964, first proposed using time-delayed images from a lensed supernova to study the expansion of the universe. The observations were made using the Hubble Space Telescope.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">A1703 zD6</span>

A1703 zD6 is a strongly lensed Lyman-alpha emitter. It is located behind a foreground galaxy cluster known as Abell 1703, hence its name. It has a spectroscopically determined redshift of over 7, corresponding to a light travel time of 12.9 billion years. It is located in the Canes Venatici constellation. It was discovered in 2012, by a group led by L. D. Bradley, published in The Astrophysical Journal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WHL0137-LS</span> Most distant known star, discovered 2022

WHL0137-LS, also known as Earendel, is a star located in the constellation of Cetus. Discovered in 2022 by the Hubble Space Telescope, it is the earliest and most distant known star, at a comoving distance of 28 billion light-years. The previous farthest known star, MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1, also known as Icarus, at a comoving distance of 14.4 billion light-years, was discovered by Hubble in 2018. Stars like Earendel can be observed at cosmological distances thanks to the large magnification factors afforded by gravitational lensing, which can exceed 1,000. Other stars have been observed through this technique, such as Godzilla.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Godzilla (star)</span> Star in the Sunburst galaxy

Godzilla is a variable star in the Sunburst galaxy at redshift z = 2.37, observed through the gravitational lens PSZ1 G311.65-18.48. It was originally identified in the NW arc as a possible transient event in images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sunburst galaxy</span> Galaxy

The Sunburst galaxy is a strongly magnified galaxy at redshift z=2.38 behind the galaxy cluster PSZ1 G311.65-18.48.

F200DB-045 is a candidate high-redshift galaxy, with an estimated redshift of approximately z = 20.4, corresponding to 168 million years after the Big Bang. If confirmed, it would be one of the earliest and most distant known galaxies observed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UNCOVER-z13</span> High-redshift galaxy in Sculptor constellation

UNCOVER-z13 is a high-redshift Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) during NIRCam imaging for the JWST Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) project on November 14, 2023. UNCOVER-z13 is within Abell 2744 supercluster in the constellation Sculptor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UNCOVER-z12</span> Lyman-break galaxy in the constellation Sculptor

UNCOVER-z12 is a high-redshift Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) during NIRCam imaging for the JWST Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) project in November 2023. UNCOVER-z12 is within the Abell 2744 supercluster in the constellation Sculptor. It is the 5th-most distant object ever discovered as of 2024, and is estimated to be 32.21 giga-lightyears from Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mothra (star)</span> Binary system in the constellation Eridanus

Mothra, or EMO J041608.838-240358.60, is a binary system with a possible transient, in the constellation of Eridanus. Mothra is in the galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1-2403, nicknamed the "Christmas Tree Galaxy Cluster".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">UNCOVER-BD-1</span> UNCOVER-BD-1 is a distant brown dwarf

UNCOVER-BD-1 is a distant brown dwarf. It is the most distant T dwarf discovered to date.

References

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  4. ↑ Diego, J. M.; Pascale, M.; Kavanagh, B. J.; Kelly, P.; Dai, L.; Frye, B.; Broadhurst, T. (1 September 2022). "Godzilla, a monster lurks in the Sunburst galaxy". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 665: A134. arXiv: 2203.08158 . Bibcode:2022A&A...665A.134D. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243605 . ISSN   0004-6361. S2CID   247476158.
  5. ↑ Diego, J. M.; Meena, A. K.; Adams, N. J.; Broadhurst, T.; Dai, L.; Coe, D.; Frye, B.; Kelly, P.; Koekemoer, A. M.; Pascale, M.; Willner, S. P.; Zackrisson, E.; Zitrin, A.; Windhorst, R. A.; Cohen, S. H. (1 April 2023). "JWST's PEARLS: A new lens model for ACT-CL J0102−4915, "El Gordo," and the first red supergiant star at cosmological distances discovered by JWST". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 672: A3. arXiv: 2210.06514 . Bibcode:2023A&A...672A...3D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245238. ISSN   0004-6361. S2CID   252873244.
  6. ↑ Diego, Jose M.; Sun, Bangzheng; Yan, Haojing; Furtak, Lukas J.; Zackrisson, Erik; Dai, Liang; Kelly, Patrick; Nonino, Mario; Adams, Nathan; Meena, Ashish K.; Willner, Steven P.; Zitrin, Adi; Cohen, Seth H.; D’Silva, Jordan C. J.; Jansen, Rolf A. (1 November 2023). "JWST's PEARLS: Mothra, a new kaiju star at z = 2.091 extremely magnified by MACS0416, and implications for dark matter models". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 679: A31. arXiv: 2307.10363 . Bibcode:2023A&A...679A..31D. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202347556 . ISSN   0004-6361. S2CID   259991552.
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  9. ↑ Chen, Wenlei; Kelly, Patrick L.; Diego, Jose M.; Oguri, Masamune; Williams, Liliya L. R.; Zitrin, Adi; Treu, Tommaso L.; Smith, Nathan; Broadhurst, Thomas J.; Kaiser, Nick; Foley, Ryan J.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Salo, Laura; Hjorth, Jens; Selsing, Jonatan (2019). "Searching for Highly Magnified Stars at Cosmological Distances: Discovery of a Redshift 0.94 Blue Supergiant in Archival Images of the Galaxy Cluster MACS J0416.1-2403". The Astrophysical Journal. 881: 8. arXiv: 1902.05510 . Bibcode:2019ApJ...881....8C. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab297d .
  10. ↑ "AT 2020zmn". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 30 August 2024.
  11. ↑ "AT 2022oku". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 29 August 2024.
  12. ↑ "AT 2018kle". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 30 August 2024.
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