List of coolest stars

Last updated

This is a list of coolest stars and brown dwarfs discovered, arranged by decreasing temperature. The stars with temperatures lower than 2,000 K are included.

Contents

Coolest main sequence stars

Include stars with temperatures lower than 2,500 Kelvin.

Star nameTemperature

(K)

 Spectral type Distance (light years)Notes
2MASS J0523-1403 1,939 [1] L2.5V41.62The coolest main sequence star known as of 2023.

Coolest giant stars

Include giants with temperatures lower than 2,000 Kelvin.

Star nameTemperature

(K)

 Spectral type Distance (light years)Notes
S Cassiopeiae 1,800 [2] S3,4–S5,83,100±300
RW Leonis Minoris 1,800 [3] C4,3 [4] 1,053 [5]
V Coronae Borealis 1,800 [6] C6,2e_MS3 [7] 2,100 [6]
V384 Persei1,820 [8] N
T Draconis1,850 [8] C6,2e
V346 Puppis1,875 [8] C
S Aurigae1,940 [8] C-N5+
V1426 Cygni1,975 [8] C7,2e

Coolest brown dwarfs

Include brown dwarfs with temperatures lower than 500 Kelvin.

Star nameTemperature

(K)

 Spectral type Distance (light years)Notes
WISE 0855–0714 285Y47.426±0.039 [9]
WISE 0336-0143B [10] 295±10 [11] Y1?32.7 [12] spectral type is not yet published, but should be around Y1 if we assume MIRI F480M is similar to W2 and by using Figure 13 from Kirkpatrick et al. 2012 [13] Might be a later spectral type.
WISEA 0830+2837 300-350 [14] >Y1 [12] 26.87 [12] uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0238-1332 367±79 [12] >Y158.66uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0402-2651 367±79 [12] >Y139.53uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
WISEU 0503-5648 [12] 367±79>Y133.18spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0940+5233 [12] 367±79>Y143.49uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 1257+7153 [12] 367±79>Y154.18spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP J1446−2317 [12] 367±79>Y137.75uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 1930-2059 [12] 367±79>Y130.67spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 1935-1546 [12] 367±79>Y147.06spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 2230+2549 [12] 367±79>Y152.44uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 2256+4002 [12] 367±79>Y132.04spectral type is an estimate
WISE 0825+2805 [12] 376±88Y0.521.37
WD 0806-661B [12] 377±88Y162.80spectral type is an estimate
WISE 0350-5658 [12] 388±88Y118.49
WISEA 2354+0240 [12] 388±88Y124.97
WISE 2209+2711 [12] 389±88Y0:20.17
WISE 0647-6232 [12] 393±88Y132.78
WISEPA 1541-2250 [12] 395±88Y119.54
WISE 1828+2650 406±88 [12] Y2V [15] 32.5Temperature could be lower. If it is a binary, its components could be as cold as about 275-350 K. [16]
WISE 0535-7500 [12] 410±88>=Y1:47.48
WISE 1405+5534 411±88 [12] Y0.5(pec?) [12] 20.62
CWISEP 0321+6932 [12] 412±79Y0.547.61spectral type is an estimate
WISE 1639-6847 [12] 412±88Y0pec14.85
CWISEP 2356-4814 [12] 412±79Y0.556.62spectral type is an estimate
WISE 0336-0143A [10] 440±24 [17] Y0 [12] 32.7 [12]
WISEPA 1738+2732 [12] 450±88Y024.92
WISEPA 0410+1502 [12] 451±88Y021.56
WISE 2220-3628 [12] 452±88Y034.15
WISE 1534-1043 453±77 [18] sdY?53possibly halo brown dwarf
WISE 1206+8401 [12] 454±88Y038.51
WISE 0146+4234B [12] 460±79Y063.09
WISEA 0302-5817 [12] 460±79Y0:54.45
CWISEP 0634+5049 [12] 460±79Y052.61spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0859+5349 [12] 460±79Y060.62spectral type is an estimate
CWISE 0925-4720 [12] 460±79Y034.96spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 0938+0634 [12] 460±79Y061.31uncertain parallax and spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP J1047+5457 [12] 460±79Y043.37spectral type is an estimate
CWISE 1121-6232 [12] 460±79Y033.69spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 1141-3326 [12] 460±79Y031.36
WISE 1217+1626 B 460±79 [12] Y0-0.533
CWISE 1531-3306 [12] 460±79Y055.37spectral type is an estimate
WISENF 1936+0408 [12] 460±79Y028.64spectral type is an estimate
CWISEP 2011-4812 [12] 460±79Y045.94spectral type is an estimate
WISEA 2243-1458 [12] 460±79Y047,75spectral type is an estimate
WISE 1112-3857 [12] 461±88T931.79
WISE 0734-7157 [12] 462±88Y043.78
WISE 0713-2917 [12] 464±88Y029.84
WISEPC 2056+1459 [12] 464±88Y023.16
WISE 0304-2705 [12] 465±88Y0~pec44.62
WISE 0359-5401 467+16
−18 [19] 		Y0 [12] 44.31 [12]
WISE 0943+3607 [12] 468±88T9.533.59
WISE 0833+0052 [12] 472±88(sd)T940.92possible subdwarf
WISE 1542+2230 [12] 472±88T9.538.69
WISE 0811-8051 [12] 479±88T9.5:32.91
WISEPA 2134-7137 [12] 481±88T9~pec29.73possible subdwarf
WISE 2212-6931 [12] 487±88T940.47
WISEPA 0751-7634 [12] 492±88T933.32
WISE 0335+4310 [12] 492±88T938.46

See also


Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rogue planet</span> Planets not gravitationally bound to a star

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An object with the spectral type T is either a brown dwarf or young free-floating planetary-mass object. An directly imaged exoplanet with a young age can also be a T-dwarf. T dwarfs are colder than L dwarfs, but warmer than Y dwarfs.

An object with a spectral type Y is either a brown dwarf or a free-floating planetary-mass object. They have temperatures below around 500 Kelvin and are colder than T-dwarfs. Y-dwarfs have a similar spectrum when compared to the giant planet Jupiter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WISE 1828+2650</span> Rogue planet or brown dwarf in the constellation Lyra

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">WISEPA J041022.71+150248.5</span> Brown dwarf in the constellation Taurus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">WISEPA J173835.53+273258.9</span> Brown dwarf star in the constellation Hercules

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2MASS J21392676+0220226</span> Brown dwarf star in the constellation Aquarius

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">WISE J031624.35+430709.1</span> Star in the constellation Perseus

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WISE J035000.32−565830.2 is a (sub-)brown dwarf of spectral class Y1, located in constellation Reticulum, the nearest known star/brown dwarf in this constellation. Being approximately 18.5 light-years from Earth, it is one of the Sun's nearest neighbors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WISE 0359−5401</span> Star in the constellation Reticulum

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">WISE 0713−2917</span> Brown dwarf star in the constellation Canis Major

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">WISE J2209+2711</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">WISE J0336−0143</span> Binary brown dwarf system in the constellation Eridanus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">WISEA J1141−3326</span> Sub-brown dwarf star in the constellation Hydra

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">CWISEP J1446−2317</span> Brown dwarf in the constellation Libra

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">WISE J1206+8401</span> WISE J1206+8401 is a brown dwarf in the constellation Camelopardalis.

WISE J1206+8401 is a brown dwarf or planetary-mass object, discovered in 2015 with WISE and the Hubble Space Telescope. It has the spectral type Y0.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CWISEP J1047+5457</span> CWISEP J1047+5457 is a brown dwarf in the constellation Ursa Major.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">SDSS 1624+00</span> SDSS 1624+00 is a brown dwarf

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References

  1. ↑ Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Van Gordon, Mollie M.; Looper, Dagny L. (2015-09-10). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv: 1508.01767 . Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN   1538-4357.
  2. ↑ Ramstedt, S.; Olofsson, H. (2014-06-01). "The 12CO/13CO ratio in AGB stars of different chemical type - Connection to the 12C/13C ratio and the evolution along the AGB". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 566: A145. arXiv: 1405.6404 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423721. ISSN   0004-6361.
  3. ↑ Ramstedt, S.; Olofsson, H. (2014-06-01). "The 12CO/13CO ratio in AGB stars of different chemical type - Connection to the 12C/13C ratio and the evolution along the AGB". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 566: A145. arXiv: 1405.6404 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423721. ISSN   0004-6361.
  4. ↑ Cohen, M. (1979-03-01). "Circumstellar envelopes and the evolution of carbon stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 186 (4): 837–852. Bibcode:1979MNRAS.186..837C. doi: 10.1093/mnras/186.4.837 . ISSN   0035-8711.
  5. ↑ Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Fouesneau, M.; Demleitner, M.; Andrae, R. (2021-03-01). "Estimating distances from parallaxes. V: Geometric and photogeometric distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia Early Data Release 3". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (3): 147. arXiv: 2012.05220 . Bibcode:2021AJ....161..147B. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/abd806 . ISSN   0004-6256. Data about this star can be seen here.
  6. 1 2 Danilovich, T.; Teyssier, D.; Justtanont, K.; Olofsson, H.; Cerrigone, L.; Bujarrabal, V.; Alcolea, J.; Cernicharo, J.; Castro-Carrizo, A.; García-Lario, P.; Marston, A. (2015-09-01). "New observations and models of circumstellar CO line emission of AGB stars in the Herschel SUCCESS programme". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 581: A60. arXiv: 1506.09065 . Bibcode:2015A&A...581A..60D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201526705. ISSN   0004-6361.
  7. ↑ "V CrB". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Bergeat, J.; Chevallier, L. (2005). "The mass loss of C-rich giants". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 429: 235–246. arXiv: astro-ph/0601366 . Bibcode:2005A&A...429..235B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041280. S2CID   56424665.
  9. ↑ Luhman, K. L.; Tremblin, P.; Alves de Oliveira, C.; Birkmann, S. M.; Baraffe, I.; Chabrier, G.; Manjavacas, E.; Parker, R. J.; Valenti, J. (2023-12-05). "JWST/NIRSpec Observations of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf*". The Astronomical Journal. 167 (1): 5. arXiv: 2311.17316 . doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ad0b72 . ISSN   0004-6256.
  10. 1 2 Calissendorff, Per; De Furio, Matthew; Meyer, Michael; Albert, Loïc; Aganze, Christian; Ali-Dib, Mohamad; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Baron, Frederique; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Cushing, Michael C.; Faherty, Jacqueline Kelly; Fontanive, Clémence; Gelino, Christopher R.; Gizis, John E. (2023-04-01). "JWST/NIRCam Discovery of the First Y+Y Brown Dwarf Binary: WISE J033605.05-014350.4". The Astrophysical Journal. 947 (2): L30. arXiv: 2303.16923 . Bibcode:2023ApJ...947L..30C. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/acc86d . ISSN   0004-637X.
  11. ↑ Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, Pascal (25 Sep 2023). "The First Y Dwarf Data From JWST Show That Dynamic and Diabatic Processes Regulate Cold Brown Dwarf Atmospheres". The Astrophysical Journal. 959 (2): 86. arXiv: 2309.14567 . Bibcode:2023ApJ...959...86L. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/acfdad .
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Caselden, Dan; Schneider, Adam C.; Marocco, Federico; Cayago, Alfred J.; Smart, R. L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Wright, Edward L.; Cushing, Michael C.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Gagliuffi, Daniella C. Bardalez (2021-03-01). "The Field Substellar Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20-pc Census of 525 L, T, and Y Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 253 (1): 7. arXiv: 2011.11616 . Bibcode:2021ApJS..253....7K. doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/abd107 . ISSN   0067-0049. S2CID   227126954.
  13. ↑ Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Cushing, Michael C.; Mace, Gregory N.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Mainzer, Amanda K.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Tinney, C. G.; Parker, Stephen; Salter, Graeme (2012-07-01). "Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function". The Astrophysical Journal. 753 (2): 156. arXiv: 1205.2122 . Bibcode:2012ApJ...753..156K. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/156 . ISSN   0004-637X.
  14. ↑ Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Schneider, Adam C.; Meisner, Aaron; Caselden, Dan; Colin, Guillaume; Goodman, Sam; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Kuchner, Marc; Gagné, Jonathan; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Allers, Katelyn; Debes, John; Wisniewski, John (2020-06-01). "WISEA J083011.95+283716.0: A Missing Link Planetary-mass Object". The Astrophysical Journal. 895 (2): 145. arXiv: 2004.12829 . Bibcode:2020ApJ...895..145B. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab8d25 . ISSN   0004-637X.
  15. ↑ Beichman, Charles A.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Barman, Travis S.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Wright, E. L. (2013-01-29). "The Coldest Brown Dwarf (Or Free Floating Planet)?: The Y Dwarf WISE 1828+2650". The Astrophysical Journal. 764 (1): 101. arXiv: 1301.1669 . Bibcode:2013ApJ...764..101B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/101. ISSN   0004-637X. S2CID   118575478.
  16. ↑ Cushing, Michael C.; Schneider, Adam C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Morley, Caroline V.; Marley, Mark S.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Mace, Gregory N.; Wright, Edward L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A. (2021-10-01). "An Improved Near-infrared Spectrum of the Archetype Y Dwarf WISEP J182831.08+265037.8". The Astrophysical Journal. 920 (1): 20. arXiv: 2107.00506 . Bibcode:2021ApJ...920...20C. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac12cb . ISSN   0004-637X.
  17. ↑ Leggett, S. K.; Tremblin, Pascal (25 Sep 2023). "The First Y Dwarf Data From JWST Show That Dynamic and Diabatic Processes Regulate Cold Brown Dwarf Atmospheres". The Astrophysical Journal. 959 (2): 86. arXiv: 2309.14567 . Bibcode:2023ApJ...959...86L. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/acfdad .
  18. ↑ Meisner, Aaron M.; Leggett, S. K.; Logsdon, Sarah E.; Schneider, Adam C.; Tremblin, Pascal; Phillips, Mark (2023-08-01). "Exploring the Extremes: Characterizing a New Population of Old and Cold Brown Dwarfs". The Astronomical Journal. 166 (2): 57. arXiv: 2301.09817 . Bibcode:2023AJ....166...57M. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/acdb68 . ISSN   0004-6256.
  19. ↑ Beiler, Samuel A.; Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Schneider, Adam C.; Mukherjee, Sagnick; Marley, Mark S. (2023-07-01). "The First JWST Spectral Energy Distribution of a Y Dwarf". The Astrophysical Journal. 951 (2): L48. arXiv: 2306.11807 . Bibcode:2023ApJ...951L..48B. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ace32c . ISSN   0004-637X.
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